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Valley Forge Orderly Book 



T 



HIS BOOK IS LIMITED TO AN 
EDITION OF TWO HUNDRED 
AND FIFTY-FIVE COPIES 



VIS- 




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VALLEY FORGE 
ORDERLY BOOK 

of General GEORGE WEEDON of 

the Continental Army under Command of Gen 1 . 
George Washington, in the Campaign of 1777-8 



Defcribing the Events of the Battles of Brandy wine, 
Warren Tavern, Germantown, and Whitemarjh, and 
of the Camps at Nejhaminy, Wilmington, Penny- 
packer s Mills, Skippack, Whitemarfh, £s? Valley Forge 




NEW YORK: DODD, MEAD 
AND COMPANY • MDCCCCII 



£1233 
Copy £ 



THE U8H 


,RY CF 


COimORESS, 


Two'OoP.ea 


RtCEIVED 


DEC. ill 


1902 


Oop^-hiqhT 


ENTRV 


Avut-. t£~- 


?ft7~ 


CLASS ^XXo. No. 


COPY A. ' 



Copyright, 1902, 
By DODD, MEAD & COMPANY 

First Edition Published December, 1 90a 



UNIVERSITY PRESS • JOHN WILSON 
AND SON • CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A. 



ORDERLY BOOK 



Illustrations 



Disposition of the American Army 
for battle, at Germantown, Oct. 
4th, 1777 Frontispiece 

Disposition of the troops at Mount 

Holly Facing 142 

Order of battle, Dec. 3rd, 1777 . " 146 



ORDERLY 



BOOK 



VALLEY FORGE 
ORDERLY BOOK 



Prefatory Note 




EN. GEORGE WEEDON, whose 
orderly book during the campaign 
of 1777-78 is herewith for the first 
time published, at the beginning 
of the war of the Revolution was an innkeeper, 
living in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he 
was born in 1730, and where he died in 1790. 
He entered the service early, and was commis- 
sioned Lieutenant Colonel of the Third Virginia 
regiment in February, 1776, and later held the 
same rank in the First Virginia Regiment. He 
was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General 
February 23, 1777. He served in Greene's 
division at Brandywine and Germantown, and 
he was at the surrender of Cornwallis at York- 
town in 1781. 

This book, though described by James 
Mease as an " Orderly Book at Valley Forge," 
is much more extended in its scope. Opening 
at the camp at Neshaminy in Bucks County, 
Penna., August 20, 1777, it shows the move- 
ments of the army through Philadelphia to 
Brandywine, and the incidents at the various 
camps at Wilmington, Falls of Schuylkill, 
Pennypacker's Mills on the Perkiomen, where 



[1] 



PREFATORY 



NOTE 



a council of war determined to risk another 
battle, Skippack, and Valley Forge, where it 
closes May 7, 1778. 

It details the events of the battles of Brandy- 
wine, Warren Tavern, Germantown, and White- 
marsh, in which last engagement, so entirely 
overlooked by our historians, the skill and 
courage of Washington were more conspicu- 
ously displayed than perhaps in any other con- 
flict of the campaign, and were successful in 
driving Howe with considerable loss from the 
field. It contains the plans of no less than 
three battles, with some diagrams illustrating 
them, and the orders relating to Germantown 
issued at Skippack, heretofore unknown, of the 
most serious importance in the study of that 
engagement. Most of the records of this 
character are very meagre in their details, but 
this book throws a flood of light upon the life 
of the army, the kind of bread and other food 
used, the markets, the manner of drumming a 
delinquent out of camp, the method of dealing 
with the itch, the prevention of diseases caused 
by filth, and the celebration of victories. We 
are told that each man must come to parade 
" having his Beard shaved, Hair combd, face 
washed, and Cloathes put on in the best manner 
in his power," and that after the battle of 
Brandywine, in anticipation of another engage- 
ment, the General divested himself of all bag- 
gage, retaining nothing but his blankets. 

When it is remembered that the possession 
of Philadelphia, the leading city of the colonies 

CO 



and the Seat of Congress, was regarded as of 
supreme consequence both by the heads of 
government and the leaders of the armies, 
that all the efforts of Howe were directed to 
its capture, and those of Washington to its 
defence, and that this volume covers almost 
the entire period of this vital campaign, as well 
as the later winter encampment at Valley Forge, 
the value of the contribution to American his- 
tory may be understood. 

Col. Hugh Mercer, the nephew of Gen. 
Weedon, directed the deposit of the volume 
with the American Philosophical Society, and 
it is now published under the auspices of 
that venerable and influential institution of 
learning. 

Saml. W. Pennypacker. 
Sept. i, i go i. 



[3] 



ORDERLY BOOK 

Later Memoranda Written in the 
Volume 

THIS orderly book of the American 
Army under the immediate Com- 
mand of General Washington be- 
longed to Major General Weedon 
of Virginia, and at my request was presented 
to me by his Nephew, Col. Hugh Mercer of 
Fredericksburg, promising him, but of my own 
accord, to present it to the American Philo- 
sophical Society, as by this writing I now do. 
In consideration however of its value, and that 
another Copy in all probability is not to be 
found, or certainly not to be obtained, M r 
Mercer and myself stipulate that it must never 
be permitted to be taken from the hall. 

James Mease. 

Philadelphia Nov. J, 1839. 

Begins 20 August, 1777 and ends 7 May, 1778. 

Philad. 1 Dec. 1839. Received from D r 

James Mease by direction of Col. Hugh 
Mercer. 

Period 20 Aug 1777 J* Vaughan, Lib" of 

to 7 May 1778 Am Philo Socy 

presented 6 Dec & referred to a Committee 
reported 1 May 1840. 

A. P. S. Dec* 6. l8jp 

__ 



LATER 



MEMORANDA 



Frederichbg Nov r _ 2jf* iSjg- 
My dear Sir, 

I SHALL ever have a lively & grateful 
recollection of your polite & kind atten- 
tions to me, during my late Sojourn in 
your charming City- & I should be 
much gratified by an opportunity of reciprocat- 
ing your Friendship, under my own roof here- 
I hope you have received from Dr James 
Mease, the "Journal of the Camp at Valley 
Forge," when the army was in Winter Quarters, 
— as that Gentleman promised you verbally 
& in writing, when I was lately in Philad* If 
Dr M — has not yet left it with you, as I sent 
it to him 7 or 8 years ago, with the letters to 
& from my uncle Gen 1 Geo Weedon of the 
army, on those conditions, (which letters I was 
happy to find in your Care, as Librarian of the 
American Philosophical Society) I will thank 
you to shew this letter to him with my earnest 
request, that the " Journal " be handed you 
immediately, to be deposited in my name with 
the letters, among the archives of the Society, 
of which you are the Zealous & attentive 
manager & Librarian- 

Those were the terms, which Dr Mease 
will recollect well, upon which I confided to 
him these precious revolutionary Relicks, some 
years ago, — & I will not doubt but that he 
will without longer delay comply with my 
wishes as well as your own- I shall be happy 
to hear from you, after the Journal has been 

[6] 



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committed 
remain, 



to your care by Dr Mease- & 



my dear Sir, 

with high respect, 

yr friend &&c, — 

Hugh Mercer 

I believe you made a record in one of your 
books, or I did it at your request the morning 
I had the pleasure to breakfast with you, of 
the interesting fact, that my honored & la- 
mented father & Gen 1 Geo. Weedon who was 
my second father, (I being but 5 months old 
when my father fell at Princeton) married 
Sisters- 



To 



John Vaughan esqr 
Philad* 



[7] 



ORDERLY 



BOOK 



Orderly Book of the American Army 
at Valley Forge under command of 
George Washington 

Hi Qu r \ 20 Aug\ 1777 

Parole . . Norway . . C Signs Norfolk-Norwich — 

Maj\ Gen\ tomorrow Stirling — 

Brig r Muhlenburg — 

Field : L T Col! Febigger iff Bayard 

Brigade Major Day 

THE order by which Col. Armands 
Corps was annex'd to Gen! Conways 
Brigade is Countermanded — The 
Commander in Chief is pleas'd to 
approve the following Sentences of a Gen. 1 . 
C*. Martial held the i8!" Ins! whereof Col- 
MfClenaghan was Pres?! Viz. . . . Lieu! Ambrose 
Crane of Col. Stewarts Reg! charg'd with break- 
ing his former Arrest & going to Philf in Com- 
pany with two Offi? of same Reg! likewise under 
Arrest without Col Stewarts knowledge or Per- 
mission — Pleaded Guilty — Sentenc'd to be 
Cashier'd — 

L! Benjamin Hoomes of 2 d . V Reg! charg'd 
with behaving in a manner unbecoming an 
Officer & a Gentleman — The Court Unani- 
mously acquitted the Prisoner of the Charge 
exhibited against him — 

Jacob Moon Pay Mas! to 14* V Reg! 
charg'd with ungentlemanlike behaviour & 

~ [9] 



Gn O — 



VALLEY 



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Defrauding the Sold" out of their Pay, — 
found guilty of Ungentlemanlike behaviour in 
giving the Lie to Ensigns Washnam & Moore 
& not guilty of Defrauding the Sold" out of 
their Pay — Sentenc'd to be Reprimanded by 
the Col. in presence of the Officers of the 
Reg!? he belongs to — 

Such Off" as have not yet settled their 
Ration Ace!? are Notified — that M? Bates is 
oblig'd to leave Camp the i?! of Sept! and that 
those Ace!? which are not brought in by that 
time cannot be settled on this side Hartford — 
Qu r Mas?? who are not acquainted with the 
form of a Ration Abstract may have one from 
Mf Bates — 



B. . O- Field Off* for the Brigade to morrow Lj Col. Willis 
Adj\ Overton — 

G. . O- Head Ou T .\ 2l s .\ Aug\ 1777 — 

Parole C Signs 

Major Gen[ to morrow — Greene — 

Brig* Woodford 

Field Off r \ Col. Broadhead fisf L T Col. Taliaferro 
B Major Day 

THE whole Army is to march to- 
morrow morning, The Gen! is to beat 
at half after three, the troop at half 
past four & at 5 oClock the Army is 
to begin their march, The Maj? Genl? QM G[ 
& Comm? G! will receive their orders at Head 
Qu!? at 5 oClock this Afternoon, An Orderly 
Man from each Reg! of Horse to attend at the 

[ »'o ] 



ORDERLY 



O O K 



same time for orders, Gen 1 . Lincolns Division 
to relieve the Cattle guard this afternoon as 
soon as possible — 



Every thing to be in readiness to march early 
to morrow morning agreeable to the orders of 
the Day — The Commanding Off" of Reg" 
are to see that their Reg!? are properly fur- 
nish'd with baggage Waggons & that those 
Waggons are Well provided with Horses, The 
Commanding Off" of the Artillery of each 
Brigade will take care that their Pieces & 
Ammunition Waggons are well found, Those 
Reg!? that have Sick, Incapable of marching 
must apply to Col. Abeell & QM G! for 
Waggons to transport them in, Such as ought 
to be sent to the Hospital to be by the Sur- 
geons of the Reg!? immediately reported to the 
Director of the flying Hospital — 

It is expected after this notice every thing 
will be in readiness for the march without Con- 
fusion or Delay — The Gen! observes with 
concern, many Centries sitting on their Posts, 
a Practice no less dangerous than disgraceful 
& considering the severity of the Punishment 
Inflicted on those found sleeping on their 
Posts it cannot be too carefully guarded against 
& more especially as it is consider'd an Evident 
mark of want of Discipline. 

N Greene, M. G l — 



D. . O- 



Such Regiments as have not Provisions for to 
morrow are to Draw this afternoon. The Q r 



[»] 



B. . O- 



VALLEY 



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Mas" & Waggon Mas" are to see that nothing 
is wanting in their Departments, No Officers 
or Sold" to be absent from Camp on any pre- 
tence whatever — L! Apperson of 6^V Reg! 
at the request of L! Stubblefield as a proper 
Person for the purpose of Inspecting the 
Provisions Drawn by the Brigade is appointed 
to relieve him from that Duty — 

A. O Hi Qu rs 21" Aug\ 77 

The Army is to remain in its present En- 
campment till further orders. 



Hi Qu r .f 22 d Jug 1 . J? 

Major Gen 1 , to morrow Stephens 

Brig r . Weedon 

Fi Off r .! . . . Col. Frazer. Major Crawford 
B. . Major Peers — 

THE Brigr? & OfTTf commanding Bri- 
gades are to Assemble to morrow 
morning at Nine oClock at the 
Tavern at the Cross roads to con- 
sider the Reports made to them relative to the 
prices of Liquors sold by the Suttlers & to 
give their opinion upon the matter to the Com- 
mander in Chief pursuant to the General orders 
of the n!* Ins! — 

The Commander in Chief approves the 
following Sentences of a Gen 1 . Court Martial 
held the 19!! 1 2o! h & 21?. Ins! whereof Col. M c 
Celnaghan was Pres*!' — Captain Crump of the 
1?! V. Reg! charg'd with wantonly ordering L!. 

[77] 



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Smith under an arrest when he knew he was 
executing the Generals orders for which he has 
been acquitted by a General C! Martial & for 
afterwards attempting to Vindicate his Conduct 
by giving in false Evidence to the Court declar- 
ing he did not know he was acting as Brigade 
Major to Gen! Muhlenburg at that time, 
Acquitted 

Brigade Major Swaine charg'd with repeated 
neglect of Duty, particularly in not attending 
for orders the 17 th Ins! in proper time, by 
which means His Excellency's Intentions who 
had order'd Straw & Rum to be furnish'd the 
Men were entirely frustrated & the Soldiery, 
particularly the Sick, was left expos'd to the 
Inclemency of the Wheather in a much greater 
degree for the want of those necessaries — 
Found guilty of repeated neglect of Duty & 
not guilty of the remaining part of the charge, 
Sentenc'd to be reprimanded in Gen! orders — 
The Commander in Chief regrets that he is so 
frequently oblig'd to censure Off" in Gen! or- 
ders for neglect of Duty & other offences and 
wishes earnestly that by an attentive & punc- 
tual discharge of their Duty they would save 
him from a task so painful & disagreeable, 
Officers sh. d in their conduct set examples be- 
fore the men of Diligence & a strict com- 
pliance to every order — 

Delays are always dangerous, & in the 
Military service often attended with the most 
fatal consequences, especially must they be 
so — in Officers on whom the Distribution of 



[13] 



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Gen 1 , orders depends — The Gen! at the same 
time thanks those Officers whose regard for 
the good of the service leads them to bring 
delinquents to Justice & assures them that 
such conduct will ever meet his warm appro- 
bation and adds positively that for any future 
remissness in Brigade Majors in any part of 
their Duty He will certainly suspend them 
till the pleasure of Congress respecting them 
be known as there is no possibility of conduct- 
ing the affairs of an Army without the greatest 
punctuality in the performance of the Duties 
of their Department — 

George Bignal of io!! 1 V Reg! charg'd with 
Desertion, No witnesses appearing against 
the Prisoner, The Court order'd him to be 
releas'd from his confinement for the present 
— Adam Close of 6 th V Reg! charg'd with De- 
sertion, No witnesses appearing against the 
Prisoner, The Court order'd him to be sent 
to his Company — John Brumtler of io!! 1 V 
Reg! charg'd with Sleeping on his Post while 
on Centry over Prisoners, Pleaded guilty & 
was sentenc'd to receive Twenty Lashes on 
his bare back — 

Edward Mealy of Captain Tho? Birds 
Company, charg'd with Desertion order'd by 
the Court to be sent to his Company — James 
Byrne of Col. Stewarts Reg! charg'd with De- 
sertion, order'd by the Court to be sent to his 
Compy 

As the Congress never have & the Gen! is 
persuaded never do Intend to give Rank to 

[«4] 



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BOOK 



any of the Waggon Mas™ in this Army, ex- 
cept the Waggon Mas' Gen!, They are order' d 
not to Assume the title of Majors Captains 
&c. but to be Distinguish'd by the names 
of Division or Brigade Waggon Mas" as the 
case may happen to be, Waggon Mas" are 
useful in every Army & will be supported in 
all their Just Priviledges, but the way for them 
to obtain respect is by a diligent & faithful 
discharge of their respective Duties without 
favour or Affection to any one — This order 
is to extend to Persons in every other Depart- 
ment who have not rank given to them by 
their Commissions or appointments by Con- 
gress — The Commander in Chief has the 
happiness to Inform the Army of a Signal 
Victory obtain'd at the Northward — A part 
of Gen! Burgoynes Army att 1500 in number 
was Detach'd towards New Hampshire with 
a Design to possess themselves of Bennington. 
Brig r Gen! Stark of the State of New Hamp- 
shire with about 2000 men mostly Militia 
Attack'd them, Our Troops behav'd in a 
brave & Heroic manner they push'd the 
Enemy from one Work to another thrown 
up on advantageous ground & from different 
Posts with Spirit & fortitude until they gain'd 
a compleat victory over them — The following 
is a List of the Prisoners, Kill'd & Wounded 
Viz! 1 U Col. 1 Major 5 Captains 12 L*! 4 
Ensigns 2 Cornets 1 Judge Advocate 1 Baron 
2 Canadian off! & 3 Surgeons 37 Brittish 
Sold" 398 Hessians, 38 Canadians & 151 



["5] 



VALLEY 



FORGE 



B. O. 



Tories taken Prisoners — The number of 
Wounded exclusive of the above are about 
80, The number of the Enemy who were Slain 
has not been ascertain'd but is suppos'd to be 
about 200. — Their Artillery consisting of 4 
Brass field pieces with a considerable quantity 
of Baggage likewise fell into our hands, Our 
loss consists of about 20 or 30 killd & per- 
haps 50 wounded — The Army is to march 
to morrow morning if it sh? not rain — pre- 
cisely in the time & manner appointed in the 
orders of Yesterday — 

The two Divisions which go to Corryells 
ferry, will march in this order — Gen! Greene's 
first then Gen! Stephens's & then the baggage 
of both Divisions in the same order as the 
Divisions march, Gen! Greene will order an 
advanc'd Guard from his Division & Gen! 
Stephens a rear Guard from his Division — 
Each Guard to be under the Command of a 
Field officer. The officer commanding the 
rear Guard will Detach a Subaltern & 30 
Men to follow in the rear of the Baggage to 
pick up all Stragglers who escape the rear 
Guard & to see that the Sick & lame are not 
neglected but properly dispos'd of among the 
Waggons — 

Brigade Field Off r . of the Day to morrow . . Col. Stevens 
D° . . . for advanc' d Guard . . . h\ Col. Parker 

The Off" commanding Reg!? in Gen! Wee- 
dons Brigade will appoint very small Baggage 
Guards to morrow as the Brigade Qu r Guard 

__ 



ORDERLY 



BOOK 



will take charge of the Baggage belonging to 
the Brigade — 



H* Qu r / w Stanton* near German Town 23 Aug 

M Gen 1 , to morrow Stirling 

Brig r . Scott 

Field . . . Col. Grayson. Lt Col. Gurney 
B Major Johnston 

NO Officer or Sold r is to leave the 
Camp this Evening without leave 
in writing from the Major or Brigf 
Gen! under whom he acts, and they 
are desir'd not to give such leave unless there 
is apparent cause for it, The Army is to move 
precisely at 4 oClock in the morning if it 
should not rain, The Division commanded 
by Gen! Wayne is to take its proper place in the 
Line between L"! Stirlings & Gen! Stephens's 
Division, and it is strongly & earnestly en- 
joyn'd upon the Commanding Officers of 
Corps to make all their men who are able to 
bear Arms, except the necessary Guards march 
in the Ranks for it is so great a reflection 
upon all order & Discipline to see such a 
number of Strollers, for they cannot be call'd 
Guards with the Waggons that it is really 
shocking — 

The Army is to march in one Column 
through the City of Phil*, going in at & 
marching down Front Street to Chesnut 
Street & up that to the Common — 

* Stenton 



G. O. 



[«] 



[17] 



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FORGE 



A small halt is to be made about a mile 
on this side of the City till the rear closes up 
& the Line is in proper order — The Divisions 
march as follows Greenes, Stevens's, Lincolns 
& Lord Stirlings, The Horse to be divided 
upon the two Wings — 

The following order of march is to be 
observ'd Viz? — Bland's & Baylor's Reg ts on the 
right & Sheldon's & Moylans upon the left. 
ifl A Lieu! & 12 Light Horse — 200 yards in 
their rear, a complete Troop — 200 yards in the 
rear of the troop the Residue of Blands & 
Baylors Reg 1 * 100 yards in the rear of these a 
Company of Pioneers with their Axes &c in 
proper order — 100 yards in the rear of the 
Pioneers a Reg! from Gen! Muhlenburgs Bri- 
gade — and close in the rear of that Reg! all 
Gen! Muhlenburgs field Artilly — Then his 
Brigade follow'd by Weedons, Woodfords & 
Scotts in order with all their Field Artillery in 
their respective fronts The Park, of Artillery 
with the Artificers belonging thereto in the 
Centre, Lincolns & Lord Stirlings Divisions 
following with all their Brigade Artillery in the 
rear of the respective Brigades, A Reg! from 
LI Stirlings Division for a Rear guard & to 
be 150 yards from Gen! Maxwells Brigade, 
Sheldons & Moylans Horse 150 yards in the 
rear of this Reg 1 , One Troop 150 yards in the 
rear of the Reg! of Horse — The whole Line 
is to march by Subdivisions at half distance — 
The Rank Six paces asunder which is to be 
exactly observ'd in passing through the City 

[is] 



and great attention given by the Officers to 
see that the Men carry their Arms well and 
are made to appear as decent as circumstances 
will admit — 'Tis expected that every Officer 
without exception will keep his Post in passing 
through the City & under no pretence what- 
ever leave it, and if any Sold^ shall dare to 
quit his ranks He shall receive 39 Lashes at 
the first halting place afterwards — The Of}?! 
will be particularly careful to prevent this not 
only in their own Divisions, but in others 
also, if they should see an attempt of the kind, 
They are also to prevent the People pressing 
on the Troops — There is to be no greater 
space between the Divisions Brigades & Reg*! 
than is taken up by the Artillery and is just 
sufficient to distinguish them — And that the 
Line of March through the City may be as 
little Encumbered as possible, only one Am- 
munition Waggon is to Accompany the field 
Pieces of each Brigade, and very few the Artil- 
lery Park, — All the rest of the Baggage 
Waggons & spare Horses are to file off to the 
right — avoid the City entirely, and move on 
to the Bridge at the middle ferry & there 
halt, but not so as to Impede the march of the 
troops by preventing their passing them 

Not a Woman belonging to the Army is 
to be seen with the troops on their march 
through the City — The Waggon Mas! Gen! 
with all his Assistants together with the Divi- 
sion, Brigade & Regimental Q r Mas? are to 
attend the Waggons and assist the Field 



[19] 



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FORGE 



B. O— 



Officers appointed to that Duty in preventing 
any men who are allotted to Waggons from 
slipping in to the City — As the Baggage will 
be but a short time seperated from the Column 
a very few Men will be sufficient to guard it 
and the Gen! wishes to have as many as are 
able to appear in the ranks, in the Line of 
march — The Baggage & spare Artillery 
Waggons of each Brigade together with the 
Waggons of the Artillery Park are to move in 
the same order that the Brigades &c do in 
the line that they may the more easily unite 
again when we have pass'd the City — 

The Soldiers will go early to rest this 
evening as the Gen! expects that the whole 
line will be on their march at the Hour ap- 
pointed, That this may be the case each Brig![ 
is to appoint Patroles to take up all of the 
Stragglers from the Camp & all others of the 
Army who do not obey the order 

The Directors of the Hospital will order 
where the Sick are to be sent. The Drums & 
fifes of each Brigade are to be collected in the 
Centre of the Brigade and a tune for the quick 
step to be play'd, but with such moderation 
that the men may step to it with ease & with- 
out dancing along or totally disregarding the 
Musick which is too often the case — The 
men are to be excus'd from carrying their 
Camp Kettles to morrow — 

As U. Col. Parker was not on duty to 
Day, from the order of march being alter' d, 

C«o] 



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BOOK 



He will act as Field Off 1 , for the Brigade to 
morrow — The Officers & Men on the B. Q r 
Guard will join their respective Reg ts . to mor- 
row morning before the march begins, In the 
mean time instead of Posting regular Gentries 
round the Brigade, the Officer commanding 
it is to send out frequent Patroles who will 
take up every Sold^ they may find Straggling 
from Camp without a Permit agreeable to 
Gen! orders — 

Camp near Wilmington 26'h Aug', yj 

Any Reg 1 ! in the 2 d V Brigade who have 
not i Days Provisions by them are imme- 
diately to complete themselves for that time 
& Cook it — The Comm'y if possible will 
furnish the Soldiers with hard bread — Re- 
turns of the Cartridges & flints wanted are 
to be immediately given into the B. Q r Mas^ 
who will draw it & furnish the Reg 1 ? there- 
with — The Arms are to be particularly In- 
spected into this afternoon at Retreat beating, 
by which time it is hop'd they will be in good 
order & fit for immediate Action — The Gen! 
observes with the utmost concern, that not- 
withstanding his repeated orders not to de- 
stroy fences or other property, that disgraceful 
practice is still continued, He therefore En- 
joins all the Officers once more as they regard 
their own Reputation & that of the Sold r ! to be 
always active in preventing it — The Officer 
of the Day will consider it as forming a part 
of his Duty to punish every Sold. r who shall 

[47] 



B. O. 



VALLEY 



FORGE 



G. 0- 



either quit his rank on a march for the pur- 
pose of Pillaging, or when halted, dare to do 
it — This order is to be read to the men every 
Saturday, that they may no longer plead Igno- 
rance as an excuse for such Misconduct — 

Field Officer for the B. to morrow . . . Col. Lewis 

ffl Qu". Wilmington 26 Augl 77 

( M Gen I Stevens 

Officers of the Day 1 Brigl Weedon 

to morrow . . . \ F d . . Col. Hartley, h T . Col. Ross 

V B. Major Peers 

THE Officers commanding Corps are 
to see that their Mens Arms are 
put in the best order possible, 
that the Ammunition be carefullv 
Inspected & the proper number of rounds 
for each man compleated, that the Bayonets 
fix well The Flints properly screwed in & 
every ( — ) put in perfect readiness for Action — 
The Troops are constantly to have one Days 
Provision of meat on hand ready cook'd & 
two Days Rations of bread — Should any 
Complaint be made by the Soldiers for want 
of such Provisions, the Commanding Off? of 
Corps must be answerable for it unless it 
should happen that Provisions were not to 
be had of the Commissarys, & in such cases 
the different Commissarys sh- be accountable, 
Complaint has been made that some Reg" 
have been two Days without Provisions owing 
to the negligence of the Commissarys, Such 
Conduct is unsufferable & must be attended 



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with the worst consequences — The Com- 
mander in Chief is determin'd to make an 
example of the first Comm y who is guilty of 
the like negligence — He likewise Insists that 
the Commissarys shall supply the Troops 
with hard bread, The present most common 
mode of supply by Issuing flour which they 
bake into bad bread being not only Injurious 
to their health, but is often attended with 
delays sufficient to frustrate the most Im- 
portant & well formed Enterprizes — As the 
means is now abundantly in their power 
The Comf in Chief can admit of no excuse 
for their not supplying the Troops with good 
bread 



Camp near Wilmington 27 th Aug*. 77 

The Encampment of the Brigade is to be 
immediately mov'd the Officers Tents as near 
the fence as convenient, so as to admit of 
those of the Soldiers being pitch'd upon the 
higher ground which the Officers now occupy 
— Those Regiments which were not yesterday 
completed with Ammunition are to draw the 
Remainder of their Complement from the 
Park of Artillery and it is hop'd strict atten- 
tion will be paid to the Gen! orders for pre- 
venting the waste of that Article, — Rum 
Returns of a Gill pr man to be given in to 
the B Q r Masy who, attended by the Regi- 
mental Qr Mas" will have it drawn & de- 
liver'd to the different Regiments as soon as 
possible 



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a. o— 



During the continuance of this wet Weather 
every precaution must be us'd to preserve the 
Arms & Ammunition in good order, The 
Officers are therefore desir'd each morning & 
Evening to examine into the state of them & 
if any should be spoil'd, whether through 
negligence or otherwise, a report is to be made 
to the Brigy— The Brigade Qu r Mas: will this 
Day exert himself to procure Straw for the 
Sold? and have it equally distributed, & in 
future no Soldier or Waggoner shall dare to 
carry off any Hay or Straw, when the Brigade 
is going to Encamp, until the B Qu r Mas! 
shall first make a Valuation & see that each 
Reg! is furnish'd with an equal share — Re- 
turns of those men in the different Regiments 
who are unable to march are to be given in 
immediately at Gen! Weedons Qu rs — 

ffd Q u ri Wilmington 28 Aug\ 77 

THE Brigades & other Corps are to 
be in such readiness as to march at a 
moments warning, to this end the 
Officers will see that their Men are 
kept regularly supply'd with as much Provi- 
sions as will when fresh, keep, and the Com- 
missarys are peremptorily order'd to provide a 
quantity of hard bread ready to deliver on any 
sudden call, — It is Expected (as there is the 
greatest reason to believe that our Service will 
be active) that every Species of Baggage be- 
longing to both Officers & Men will now be 

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stor'd, except such as cannot be done without 
in the field, that the Train of Waggons may 
in consequence be reduc'd and our Encum- 
brance on this Ace! lessen'd To effect this 
valuable purpose the Sick are to be turn'd 
over to the Director Gen! of the Hospital & 
none taken with us, whilst the Women are 
forbid any longer under any License at all to 
ride in the Waggons, and the Officers are 
earnestly call'd upon to permit no more than 
are absolutely necessary & such as are actually 
useful to follow the Army — The number of 
Horses which are now so Injuriously Intro- 
due'd (contrary to all former practice) is 
expressly forbid, as they have become a real 
Nuisance in the Army — It is expected there- 
fore that no Officer except those who are 
allowed forage will henceforth keep a Horse, 
but (as his baggage is carried for him) march 
on foot with his men — This, at the time that 
it Testifies a Regard to the Service, will be 
setting a good example to their men which in 
every Instance ought & it is hop'd will be, 
the first object of a good & valuable Officer — 
Five Waggons from each Brigade is to be 
deliver'd immediately to the D Q M G — 
Gen 1 . Greenes Division is to march to morrow 
morning & take Post on a piece of ground 
which will be mark'd out for him on White 
Clay Creek, and the Militia from Chester 
(under the Command of Col. Evans) is to 
march to Christiana Bridge & there take Post 
till further orders — 



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G. . O 



Camp near Wilmington 28 Aug* — 

Field Off: of the Day to morrow . Major Towles ") 
Adj{ Summers J 

The General to beat at 4, the Assembly in 
20 minutes after The March to fall in, at a 
qu! before five & the Brigade to march 
exactly at Five oClock to morrow morning, 
Six in front at half distance — As we are now 
Approaching the Enemy, The Geni hopes any 
caution against straggling is quite unnecessary, 
The Reputation of the troops being much too 
great a Sacrafise, when put in Competition 
with any trivial Gratification they may have 
by quitting their ranks — 

Hi Qu\[ Wilmington 29 th Aug' 77 

EACH Brig! is to make a return to 
the QM General immediately of the 
number of Arm Chests necessary for 
carrying safely all the spare arms 
that may from time to time happen to be in 
their Brigades, by means of the Sick & other 
usual Accidents — The Pay Mas" of Reg!? are 
forthwith to apply to the Pay Mas r Gen! to 
receive the Pay of their Reg!? for the Month 
of July 

Wilmington 3 o'* Aug', — 

NFORMATION being given by the 

Commissary Gen 1 , that it is at present 

Impracticable to supply the Army with 

hard bread, The troops are to receive 

soft bread or flour, as the Commissarys shall 



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be able to supply them, The Commissarys are 
nevertheless to exert themselves to the utmost, 
constantly to supply the troops with bread 
either hard or soft, and without fail to have a 
large quantity of hard bread made ready to be 
Issued whenever the Army marches — 



Camp Red Creek jo Aug\ 

A Subaltern, Serjeant & twenty Men to 
parade to morrow morning from the Division, 
at Gen! Weedons Qu r . 8 to receive their orders 
from him 

S. S. C. P. 

Gen^ Muhlenburg I . . 8 

Weedon I .. I .... I 2 



D. . O. 



Camp Red Clay Creek I'J Sept: iy/j D. . O 

The Division to furnish a Detachment of 
300 Men to be commanded by Col. U Col. 
& Major, and otherwise properly Officer'd, to 
parade immediately, draw & cook one Days 
Provisions and to be ready to march to mor- 
row morning at 3 oClock, to receive orders 
from Gen! Muhlenburg 

N Greene M G — 

His Excellency having orderd 278 tin JP^.o- 
Boxes to carry spare Cartridges for the use 
of the Division, Gen 1 - 8 Muhlenburg & Weedon 
will send a party from each Brigade to fetch 



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them from the Gen I s Qu™ — They are to be 
divided equally between the Brigades, The 
Brig- will order such proportion to each 
Regiment as they think necessary for the good 
of the service taking Receipts from the Com- 
manding Off- 3 of Reg- for the number deliv- 
er'd, The Commanding officers of Reg- are 
also to divide them to the Companies, the 
Captains to give their Receipts for what they 
receive, They are also to divide the Boxes 
among the Messes, who are to be daily ex- 
amin'd whether they have them & the Com- 
pliment of Cartridges belonging to them 

N. . Greene M G 1 — 

Camp Red Clay Creek tf h Sep? 77 

The two Brigades to furnish 250 Men for 
a fatigue party in the morning to parade at 
7 oClock to be commanded by a field Officer 
and to be otherwise properly Officer'd 

NG MG! — 



G. . O. . H d . Qun Wilmington 28 th Jug! 77 

(Omitted in proper place) 

JOSEPH SCOTT Esq.' is appointed 
Brigade Major to Gen 1 . Muhlenburg in 
the room of Major Swaine, Resign'd, 
& is to be obey'd as such — 
A Corps of light Infantry is to be form'd 
immediately to consist of one field Officer, 
Two Captains, Six Sub? Eight Sergeants & 100 
Rank & file from each Brigade — 



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Hi Ou: s Wilmington 30 th Aug*. 77 G. . O- 

BRIG* GEN^ MAXWELL will take 
the command of the Corps of Light 
Infantry — John Kennon Esq!; was 
on the I st May appointed Pay Mas' 
to 6 th V Reg!, The Commander in Chief ap- 
proves of the appointment — 

Hi Qui; Wilmington Sept\ I s !. jj 

MR AUSTIN SANDRIDGE 
was on the 15^ Ult? appointed 
Q r Mas r to the 6 th V Reg! & is 
to be regarded as such — The 
Commander in Chief has the pleasure to In- 
form the Army that on the approach of Gen! 
Arnold with his Detachment, that the Enemy 
rais'd the Siege of Fort Stanwix & fled with 
such precipitation that they left their Tents 
standing, which, with their Baggage, Ammu- 
nition, Stores, four Royals &c &c. . fell 
into our hands & that a party sent out by 
Col. Ganswoort who commanded at the 
Fort brought in a number of Prisoners & 
Deserters — 

Wilmington j d Sepf. 77 G. . O 

jA S the Enemys motions will be sudden 

/^ & perhaps rapid, The Gen! posi- 

i- — -8a tively orders the Commanding 

JL m Officers of Corps to keep their 

Men in Camp, by no means suffering them 

to ramble about out of the verge of it 

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G. . O 



The Discharge of two field pieces is to be 
consider' d by the Brig" & Officers command- 
ing Brigades as an alarm and as a signal for 
getting their men under Arms & to the 
Waggon Mas? for putting to their Horses, 
Upon the firing the Alarm Guns, the General 
Officers after giving the necessary orders for 
Parading their Men are to repair immediately 
to Head Qu» — It is expected that the Officers 
of every Corps will immediately Inspect their 
Mens Arms & Ammunition and see that every 
thing is in order, If any of the Continental 
Troops are without Arms the Commanding 
Officer of the Corps to which they belong is 
to apply to the Adjutant Gen! for orders on 
the Commissary Gen 1 , for such as are wanted — 
The Commander in Chief approves the fol- 
lowing Sentence of a Gen 1 . Court Martial held 
the 2 d Ins! whereof Col. Johnston was Pres^ 
— Godfrid Oxford of 14* V Reg! charg'd with 
Desertion getting drunk & losing his Arms, 
found not guilty of Desertion, but guilty of 
getting drunk & losing his Arms — Sentenc'd 
to receive 100 Lashes on his bare back & pay 
for his Arms lost — 



Head ^u r J. Wilmington 4*}! Sept: 

S a full supply of hard bread can- 
not at present be obtain'd, All that 
is now in or shall come to the hands 
of the Regimental Qu r Mas? is to 
there & not to be distributed but 




remain 



upon the most pressing Exigencies & when 



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the troops are about to march & then, not 
without orders from their Brig r , In the mean 
time the Army is to be furnish'd with soft 
bread or flour which the Commissarys are 
Enjoin'd to do with more punctuality than 
they have done — The Commander in Chief 
can no longer excuse the neglects in that 
Department — Much Injury having been 
done to the Sold- & some lives lost by their 
being taken by their Officers from the Hospi- 
tals too soon & without the concurrence of 
the superintending Physician, that practice is 
absolutely forbid, and henceforward not a 
Man is to be taken from the Hospital till 
regularly discharg'd by the directing Physician 
in writing under his hand — 

Notwithstanding all the cautions, the 
earnest requests & the positive orders of the 
Commander in Chief to prevent our Army 
from plundering our own friends & fellow 
Citizens, yet to his Astonishment & grief, 
fresh complaints are made to him that so 
wicked, Infamous & cruel a practice is still 
continued, & that too — in circumstances the 
most distressing, when the wretched inhabi- 
tants dreading the Enemys Vengeance for their 
adherence to our cause, have left their all, and 
fled to us for refuge — We complain of the 
cruelty & barbarity of our Enemies, — but 
does it equal ours ? — they sometimes spare 
the property of their friends, but some amongst 
us, beyond expression barbarous, rob even 
them — Why did we assemble in Arms, was 

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it not to defend the property of our Country- 
men ? Shall we then to our Eternal shame 
& Reproach be the first to Pillage & Destroy 
it — Will no motives of Humanity, of real 
Interest & of Honour, restrain the violence 
of the Sold" & Induce the Officers to keep so 
strict a watch over the III dispos'd as effectually 
to prevent the execution of their evil designs 
& the gratification of their Savage Inclinations ? 
Or if these powerful motives are too weak, 
will they pay no regard to their own safety — 
How many noble designs have miscarried, 
how many Victorys been lost, how many 
Armies ruin'd by an Indulgence of Sold" in 
plundering ? If Officers in the least connive 
at such practices, The Licentiousness of some 
Sold" will soon be without bounds, In the 
most critical moments, instead of attending to 
their Duty they will be scatter'd abroad, In- 
discriminately plundering Friends & foes & 
if no worse consequences ensue, many of them 
must fall a prey to the Enemy, — For these 
reasons the Commander in Chief requires that 
those orders be read Distinctly to all the 
troops & that Officers of every Rank take 
particular pains to convince the Men of the 
baseness & fatal tendency of the practices com- 
plain'd of, & that their own safety depends on 
a contrary conduct & an exact observance of 
order & discipline, At the same time the 
Commander in Chief most solemnly assures 
all, that He will have no mercy on Offenders 
against these orders — their Lives shall pay 



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the forfeit of their crimes — Pity — under 
such circumstances would be the height of 
Cruelty — 



Head Qu:. s Wilmington j-f? Sept: — 

r Maj: Gen 1 . Greene 

Officers of . . J Brig r . Weedon 

the Day to morrow j F d Col. Mathews Major Howell 

I B Maf Peers 

THE Commissary Gen! of Prisoners 
Informs the Commanding Officers 
of Reg!! & other Corps, that not- 
withstanding the orders heretofore 
Issued for that purpose, He has rec* but one 
small return of Prisoners taken by the Enemy 
since his appointment, in consequence of which 
neglect it will be impossible for him, in case 
of an exchange to pay proper attention to the 
order of the different Captures, as to time, 
He further informes them that in future the 
Pris!? will be exchang'd according to the re- 
turns made to him — As Baggage Waggons 
are always a great Incumbrance to an Army 
& would be particularly so in a day of battle, 
they are in the latter case to be driven off the 
field, that the Army may not be in the least 
Incommoded by them, Tis besides, a measure 
which common prudence Dictates, and when- 
ever an Action is expected, The QM G! will 
immediately wait on the Commander in Chief 
to receive his directions respecting them — 
From every Information of the Enemys 



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Designs & from their movements it is mani- 
fest their Aim is, if possible to possess them- 
selves of Philadelphia, This is their capital 
Object, Tis what they last year strove to 
effect, but were happily disappointed, They 
made a second attempt at the opening of this 
Campaign, but after vast preperations & 
expense they abandon'd their Design & totally 
evacuated the Jerseys, They are now making 
their last effort, To come up the Delaware it 
seems was their first Intention but from the 
measures taken to annoy them in the river, 
they judg'd the Enterprise that way too 
Hazardous, At length they have landed on 
the Eastern Shore of Maryland & advanc'd 
some little way into the Country, but the 
General trusts they will again be disappointed 
in their views, Should they push their designs 
against Philadelphia on this route, their all is 
at stake — they will put the Contest on the 
event of a single battle — If they are over- 
thrown, they are utterly undone — The War 
is at an end — Now then is the time for our 
most Strenuous endeavours, — One bold 
Stroke will free the Land from Rapine, De- 
vastations & burnings, & Female Innocence 
from brutal Lust& Violence — In every other 
quarter the American Arms have been rapidly 
successful, great numbers of the Enemy have 
fallen in battle & still greater numbers have 
been made Prisoners — The Militia to the 
Northward have fought with a resolution that 
would have done Honour to old Soldiers — 



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They bravely fought, they conquer'd — & 
Glory attends them — Who can forbear to 
Emulate their noble Spirit? — Who is there 
without Ambition to Share with them the 
applauses of their Countrymen & of all Pos- 
terity, as the Defenders of Liberty & the 
procurers of Peace & Happiness to Millions 
in the present & future Generations? Two 
years have we maintain'd the War & struggled 
with difficulties Innumerable, but the prospect 
has since brighten'd up & our affairs put on a 
better face — Now then is the time to reap 
the fruits of our Toils & dangers, If we behave 
like Men, this third Campaign will be the last, 
Ours is the main Army, to Us our Country 
looks for Protection, The Eyes of all America 
& Europe are turn'd upon us, as on those by 
whom the event of the War is to be deter- 
min'd, And the General assures his Country 
Men & fellow Soldiers that he believes that 
the critical the Important moment is at hand 
which demands their most Spirit'd exertions 
in the field — There Glory waits to crown the 
Brave & Peace, Freedom & Happiness will 
be the rewards of Victory — Animated by 
motives like these, Soldiers fighting in the 
cause of Innocence, Humanity, & Justice will 
never give way but with undaunted Resolution 
press on to Conquest — This, the General 
assures himself is the part the American forces 
now in Arms will Act, & thus Acting, He 
will Insure them success — 



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G. . 



Head QuV. Wilmington 6*}. Sept: yy 

Maj: Gen I to morrow Lord Stirling 

BrigT Scott 

Field Col. Parker & Major Ford 

B. Maj: Day 

THE Gen 1 , has no doubt but that every 
man who has a due sense of the Im- 
portance of the cause he has under- 
taken to defend & who has any regard 
for his own honour & the reputation of a 
Sold- will if call'd to Action behave like one 
contending for every thing valuable, but if, 
contrary to his expectation, there shall be 
found any Off or Soldier so far lost to all 
Shame as basely to quit their posts without 
orders, or shall skulk from Danger or offer 
to retreat before orders is given for so doing 
by proper Authority from a superiour Officer 
they are to be instantly Shot, as a just punish- 
ment to themselves & for example to others — 
This order, those in the rear & the Corps of 
reserve are to see duly executed to prevent 
the Cowardly from making a Sacrafise of the 
brave and by their 111 example & groundless 
tales, calculated to cover their own shameful 
conduct, spreading terror as they go — 

That this order may be well known & duly 
impress'd upon the Army The Gen 1 , orders 
that the Commanding Officers of every Reg' do 
assemble his Men & have it read to them to 
prevent the plea of Ignorance — 

The Gen! begs that every Officer be atten- 
tive to all strange faces & suspicious Characters 

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which may be discover'd in Camp, & if upon 
examination, no good account can be given 
why they are there, they are then to carry 
them to the Majf Gen! of the day for further 
examination This, as it is only a necessary 
precaution is to be done in a manner least 
offensive — The Genl Officers are to meet at 
five oClock this afternoon at the brick House 
at White clay creek & fix upon proper Pic- 
quets for the security of the camp — Jn? 
Laurance & Peter P- Thornton Esq- are ap- 
pointed extra A. . D. . Camps to the Com- 
mander in Chief All orders therefore through 
them in writing or otherways are to be re- 
garded in the same light as if proceeding 
from any other of his ADCamps 

Notwithstanding the order relative to 
Slaughterhouses they are still often great nui- 
sances to the Army, The Division Qu r Mas? 
are to see that they are fix'd at proper distances 
from camp and that all the offal be buried 
once a day — The Commander in Chief will 
look to these Qu r Mas- for the execution of 
this order & no excuse can be admitted for a 
neglect of this necessary duty — 

6* September 1777 — 

Notwithstanding the repeated orders against 
plundering & burning fences, that abominable 
practice is still continued to the Shame & dis- 
grace of the brigade — Complaints are made 
that Corn fields are pillaged without restraint, 
the fence rails burn'd up & many other out- 

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rages committed by the soldiery, to prevent 
which in future, the Officers are once more 
requested to attend particularly to the be- 
haviour of their men & to punish Such as 
they see with green corn unless they can make 
it appear they bought it & any fence rails they 
may see burning, the Mess to which the fire 
belongs is to be made answerable 

The suttlers are order'd to move instantly 
from the front of the Encampment to some 
other place, The Q M. Serjeants will imme- 
diately parade the C. C. Men of their Reg 1 .* 
& cover up all filth & nastiness in their 
respective fronts, and any Soldier daring to 
ease himself in any other place but the proper 
necessaries provided for that purpose shall 
receive Ten lashes on his bare back for every 
Offence — 



G. A. o. 



Information has been given that many of 
the Waggon horses are suffer' d to go loose in 
the fields, The Commander in Chief strictly 
orders that every night the Waggon horses 
be put to the Waggons & there kept — & if it 
be necessary at any time for them to go to 
grass, that it be in the day time only, and 
then the Waggoners must be with them con- 
stantly, that they may be ready to tackle at 
the shortest notice — The Waggon Masters 
are requir'd to see this order carefully executed 
— The Enemy have disencumbered them- 
selves of all their baggage that their move- 



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ments may be light & easy, — It behoves us 
to be alike ready for marching at a moment's 
warning & for the same reason it is absolutely 
necessary, and the Commander in Chief strictly 
requires that both Officers & Men remain 
constantly at their Quarters — Tattoo is no 
longer to be beat in Camp 



H* Qu:; Wilmington 7** Sepr. 77 

M Gen 1 , to morrow Stephens 

Brig*. Wayne 

Field .... Col. Marshall, Major Ballard 
B. Maj: Harper 

P*-"g — ^HE Gen 1 , has red a confirmation of 
the Intelligence mention'd in the 
after orders of last night that the 
Enemy have disencumbered them- 
selves of all their baggage even to their Tents, 
reserving only, their blankets & such part of 
their clothing as is absolutely necessary — 
This Indicates a speedy & rapid movement 
& points out the necessity of following the 
example & ridding ourselves of every thing 
we can possibly dispense with — 

As a very imperfect obedience has been 
paid to former orders on this Subject it is 
now, Once More Enjoin'd that all baggage 
which can be spar'd both of Officers & Men be 
immediately pack'd up & sent off this day to 
the other side of Brandywine, This order 
having been heretofore Eluded by a too 
Indulgent construction of the general terms 



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in which it has been couch'd, The General is 
oblig'd to be more explicit & to declare that 
it is his Intention the Officers should only 
retain their Blankets, great coats & three or 
four shifts of under clothes, & that the Men, 
besides what they have on, keep only a 
blanket & Shirt a piece, & such as have it, 
a great Coat, All Trunks, Chests, bedding & 
other cloaths, except those mention'd to be 
sent away, till the Elapsing of a few Days 
shall determine whether the Enemy mean an 
immediate Attack or not, It is hop'd that 
none will have so little sense of Propriety as 
to deem a measure so obviously for the good 
of the Army & the Service, a hardship — It 
would be folly in the extreme to hazard the 
loss of our baggage for the sake of a little 
present convenience, a Loss, of which at this 
time would be Irreperable — The Disadvan- 
tage of having that to take care of at the 
moment of the attack, when we shl be prepar- 
ing for defence is obvious, The Attention of 
both Officers & Men will then be wholly 
Engross'd for its safety & the Enemy will 
have time to be upon us before we are ready 
to receive them The Consequence of this 
will be, Bustle & confusion, & perhaps, De- 
feat & disgrace, the loss of our baggage & not 
improbably the ruin of the Army, The Com- 
mander in Chief looks to the General Officers 
in a particular manner for the execution of 
this order in their respective Divisions & 
Brigades — The whole Army is to draw two 



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days Provisions exclusive of to day & have it 
Cook'd & Deposited with the Regimental 
Qu r Mas" provided salt Provisions can be 
drawn, other wise one days fresh Provisions to 
be cook'd & deposited as aforesl & two days 
hard bread if to be had, All the Horse except 
Capt. Lewis's troop are to be post on the 
right of the Army — The Tents of the whole 
Army to be struck & pack'd in the Waggons 
to morrow morning an Hour before Day & 
the Horses tackled All Corps of Horse are to 
be Sadded [sic] at the same time & the whole 
Army drawn up in their respective Line, The 
QM Gen! is to spare no pains immediately to 
procure Waggons to carry the Mens Packs 
that they may be perfectly light & free for 
Action, No more Sick are to be sent to 
Concord but to Birmingham — 



Camp Wilmington 8'h Sept: 1777 

A Party of 100 Men properly officer'd to 
Parade immediately from the Division, They 
are to carry one days Provisions with them, 
The Commanding Officer will receive his 
orders at the Gen 1 ! Qu r !, A Fatigue of 100 
Men from the division to parade immediately 
to be commanded by a field Officer who will 
receive orders from Col. Duportail Engineer 
The remainder of the division are to be 
dismiss'd & pitch their tents at 10 oCl. 
if the Enemy are found advancing at that 
time — 



D. . o- 



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G. 



Head 2>u r .\ Birmingham g th Sept* jj 

Maj r . Gen 1 , to morrow Sullivan 

Brig r . Woodford — 

Field Col. Stewart, L t Col. Greer 

Br Maj r . Scott — 

INTELIGENCE having been rec d _ that 
the Enemy instead of advancing towards 
Newport have turn'd another way & 
appear to have a Design of marching 
Northward which occasion'd the sudden move- 
ment this morning — Such of the troops as 
have not been serv'd with Rum to day are as 
soon as possible with one Gill pr man — The 
Maj. r & Brig' Genl? of the Day, accompanied 
by the Qu' Mas r Gen! will immediately Re- 
connoitre the Environs of the Camp & fix 
upon proper places for posting Picquets for its 
security 

Hi Qu:; Burmingham 10 th Sept: 1777 

Maj: Genl to morrow Stirling 

Brig: Nash 

Field, . . . Col. Spotswood, Major Bloomfield 
Brigade Major 

IT being with concern that the Gen! hears 
the frequent Compl? of the Farmers on 
Ace? of the destruction of their Fences 
& C. by which means the fields of Grain 
& Grass are destroy'd — He wishes that 
Off™ of every rank for the sake of Justice & 
the Reputation of the A. Arms, w d . exert 
themselves to correct this Species of abuse, & 
He is persuaded they will do it when no 



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stronger proof can be given of Inattention or 
want of Authority than to suffer such practices 
to prevail in a Country abounding in wood & 
by men with Axes in their hands — besides, 
the Injustice which Individuals or the publick 
must sustain by such practices ought to strike 
every Officer in the most forcible manner — 
No Baggage is to remain on the ground that 
can possibly be dispens'd with, & what cannot, 
is to be loaded an Hour before day & in 
readiness to move, The QM Gen 1 , will have 
orders where to find it — The Commissary 
Gen 1 will take care to have at least three Days 
Provisions always on hand, three or four 
miles in the rear of the Army & draw in what 
Buiscuit he can & Salt meat for Occasional 
serving, The Q M Gen! must furnish Waggons 
for those purposes, The Men are to be pro- 
vided with Cook'd Provisions for to morrow, 
for two Days would be better if they can get 
of such kind as will keep. The Light Horse, 
except those on duty may be Quarter'd a little 
in the rear of Head Qu r !, A Total Stop is to be 
put to all Loose disorderly firing in Camp, as 
otherwise it will be impossible to distinguish 
Guns fir'd for an Alarm — 250 Men of Gen 1 . 
Greenes, 200 of each other Division & 100 of 
Gen 1 . Nashe's Brigade of Continental troops & 
400 of Gen! Armstrongs Division of Militia 
are to be drawn out daily as Picquets & to 
Assemble, those of Gen! Greenes, Waynes, 
Stirlings & Stephens Divisions & Gen! Nash's 
Brigade on the most convenient grounds 

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near the Artillery Park, Gen 1 . Sullivans at 
the Centre of his Division & Gen! Arm- 
strongs at the Centre of his Division from 
these Picq- all the necessary Out Guards are 
to be furnish'd & the residue to remain on 
their respective places of Assembling, ready to 
reinforce the Out Guards or to be detach'd 
on other duty until reliev'd by new Picquets, 
at every new Encampment these Out Guards 
are to be Posted by the M. Gen! of the Day 
& Q M. G. aided by the other Officers of the 
Day, As soon as these Picq" are Posted a 
report is to be made to the Commander in 
Chief where they are — These Picquets are 
to be under the Command of the M Gen! of 
the Day & under him by the Brig' of the Day 
— Each Division will furnish a Field OfFf & 
a proportion of other Officers to take charge 
of its own Picq 1 ? but Gen! Armstrongs Divi- 
sion will furnish two such Officers, These 
Picquets are to parade precisely at 5 oClock 
daily — Gen! Muhlenburg will furnish the 
F d . Officer for Picq' this Day — 



B. o 



Camp 12 Sept: 1 777 

The Brigade is immediately to draw two 
Days Provisions & Cook it, they will also 
draw a Gill of Rum pr man. 



[443 



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H d . QuV Chester 12 th Sept: 1777 

THE Commanding Officer of each 
Brigade is immediately to send off 
as many Off" as he shall think neces- 
sary on the roads leading to the places 
of Action yesterday and on any other roads 
where stragglers may be found & particularly 
to Wilmington where it is said many have 
retir'd, to pick up all the Stragglers from the 
Army & bring them on. In doing this they 
will proceed as near to the Enemy as shall 
be consistent with their own safety & examine 
every house, — In the mean time the troops 
are to march on through Derby in good order 
to the bridge over Schulkill, cross it, & pro- 
ceed up to their former grounds near the falls 
of Schuylkill & German Town & there pitch 
their Tents, Gen! Greenes Division will move 
last & cover the baggage Stores &C, Gen! 
Maxwells Light Corps will remain at Chester, 
collect all the Stragglers they can, & to mor- 
row morning follow the Army, The Directors 
of the Hospitals will see that all the sick & 
wounded be sent to Philf — 



G. O 



Camp at German Town ij' h Sept f 77 

The Gen! takes the earliest opportunity to 
return his warmest thanks to the Officers & 
Sold? of Gen! Weedons Brigade engag'd in 
the late Action for their Spirited & Soldierly 
behaviour, A Conduct so worthy under so 
many disadvantages cannot fail of establishing 



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B. O 



to themselves the highest Military reputation, 
The Gen! also thinks himself under an obliga- 
tion to return his thanks to all the other 
Officers & Soldiers of his Division for the 
firmness & alacrity which they have discover'd 
upon every Occasion in the Course of the 
Day to Engage the Enemy, The Gen! has the 
pleasure to Inform the troops, that notwith- 
standing we gave the Enemy the ground, the 
purchase has been at much blood, this being 
by far the greatest loss they ever met with 
since the commencement of the War, The 
Gen! recommends an immediate Attention to 
be paid to the state of the Arms & Ammuni- 
tion, that the Arms be put in the best order 
& that each man be furnish'd with a full 
supply of Ammunition, not less than 40 
rounds — 

Camp — 13 th Sept: — 

From the motions of the Enemy it appear- 
ing to his Excels that our Service will for 
some time continue to be full as active as 
that we have lately experienc'd, he has, from 
that noble Spirit which actuates his every 
movement & from which He wishes to share 
in every hardship to which his Army is ex- 
pos'd Divests himself & family of every 
Species of Baggage, save his Blankets, The 
Brigf therefore requests, that though the bag- 
gage of the Brigade has now join'd it, the 
Officers will not think of carrying any more 
Cloathing then they have hitherto had with 



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them, as he is Determin'd to follow the Laud- 
able example set by his Excell? — 



Hi Quari German Town ij th Sept: 77 G - O — 

M Gen 1 , to morrow Sullivan 

Brig r . Weedon 

Field Col. Martin, Major Hay 

Brigade Maj: Barber 

THE Gen! with peculiar satisfaction 
thanks those Gallant Officers & Sol- 
diers who on the 11 th Ins! bravely- 
fought in their Countrys cause, — 
If there are any whose Conduct reflects dis- 
honour upon Soldiership & their names are 
not pointed out to him, He must for the 
present leave them to reflect how much they 
have Injur'd their Country & how unfaithful 
they have prov'd to their fellow Sold?, but 
with this Exhortation, that they embrace the 
first opportunity of doing Justice to both & 
the professions of a Soldier — 

Although the Event of that day from some 
unfortunate circumstances were not so favour- 
able as could be wish'd, The Gen! has the 
Satisfaction of Assuring the troops, that from 
every Ace! he has been able to obtain, the 
Enemys loss greatly exceeded ours & He 
has full Confidence that in another Appeal to 
Heaven (with the blessing of Providence which 
it becomes every Officer & Soldier humbly 
to supplicate) we shall prove successful 

The Honb 1 . 6 Congress in Consideration 
of the Gallant behaviour of the Troops on 

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Thursday last their fatigue since & from a 
full Conviction that on every future occasion 
they will manifest a bravery worthy the cause 
they have undertaken to defend, having been 
pleas'd to order 30 Hh d . s of Rum to be dis- 
tributed among them in such a manner as the 
Commander in Chief shall direct, He orders 
the Commissary Gen! of Issues to deliver to 
each Officer & Soldier One Gill pr day while 
it lasts, — The Commanding Off" of each 
Brigade is without delay to send a number 
of active Officers into the City & its Environs 
to pick up & bring to Camp all straggling 
Sold? whom they may find, as well those be- 
longing to other Brigades, as their own like- 
wise a Serjeant from each Brigade to the 
Bridge to direct the Sold? as they cross, where 
to find their respective Brigades, at Roll call- 
ing this Evening the Men are to be charg'd 
not to be out of their respective Brigades on 
pain of Death, Nor the Officers as they value 
the Service & dread Cashiering — The Q M 
Gen? is to have the Waggons of each Division 
carried so as to move them in their proper 
line at a moments warning — 

The Order of the Encampment at this 
place need not be attended to as our stay here 
will be short. Each Division is to Encamp 
in as compact order as possible to night, All 
the Continental troops are to be supply'd 
immediately with forty Rounds of Cartridges 
& the Officers will see that the Soldiers carry 
their spare Ammunition in such a manner as 

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to avoid Injury & Loss, The Clothier Gen! is 
order'd to send spare Shoes, Shirts &C to 
Camp, to furnish such men as are destitute. 
The Commanding Officers of corps are there- 
fore to delay no time in supplying the Abso- 
lute wants of their men — The Gen! does 
most ardently exhort every officer to attend to 
the due & speedy execution of these orders — 

The following proportion of Tents is 
allow'd the Army upon its next movement 
Viz^ — 

I Soldiers Tent for the field Officers of each Reg? — 
i D? . . every 4 Commission'd Officers — 
1 D° . . every 8 Serjeants . . Drums & fifes — 
1 D? . . every 8 Privates 



The Brig r ! to have returns made out & the 
above proportion of tents taken for their 
Brigades & one Waggon for every 50 Tents 
& no more, no Women under any pretence 
what ever to go with the Army but to follow 
the Baggage, The Soldiers are to Carry their 
Camp Kettles which, if the Army should 
come to Action are to be put into the Wag- 
gons with their Tents, The Invalids under a 
good Subaltern are to guard the Tents of each 
Brigade, — The Division Commissarys are 
directed to have a constant supply of Provi- 
sions for the troops, & the QM Gen! must 
without fail furnish the necessary Waggons 
for that purpose, — A Gill of Rum (or other 
Spirits) pr Day is to be deliver'd to every 
Officer & Soldi until further orders, The 



G. A. O. 



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B. A. O. 



G. O — 



G. O 




Commissarys are to provide accordingly, The 
Army to be ready to march to morrow morn- 
ing precisely at 9 oClock — The Off" com- 
manding Divisions will receive the order of 
march from the QM G — who will also direct 
the route of the baggage — 

The Reg 1 ? in the Brigade are immediately 
to make out Provision returns for to morrow 
& next day, there being Salt Provis"! for that 
purpose — 

H d . Qu r .{ 14* Sept: 1777 
N Active Officer from each Brigade 
to go to the City & meet at the 
Conostogo Waggon in order to 
agree on a plan how they may col- 
lect all the Straggling Sold" together, those 
that are not able to march, to be deliver'd to 
the Surgeon Genf, the rest, the Officers to have 
furnish'd with 40 rounds of Cartridges & 
march to morrow morning in good order & 
Join the Army — 

H d Qu r ' ij ,h Sept: 77 — 

M Gen 1 , to morrow Stirling — 

Brigl Wayne — 

Field . . Col. Hendricks £9" Maj? Brewster — 

B Maj: . Fleury — 

for Picquet . . Col. Hogan — Major Towles — 

THE whole Line while it remains 
unseperated is to furnish 600 men 
properly Officer'd for guard &C. 
Each Brigade is to give in proportion 
to its strength, Those Men are to be under 



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BOOK 



the immediate command of the Maj' Gen! or 
other Officers of the day, who, with the Assis- 
tance of the Q M G. agreeable to the orders 
of the 10 th Ins' are to see that the Out guards 
are posted in such manner as most effectually 
to secure the Camp, If the different avenues 
leading to it should not require the above 
number, the Overplus to remain as a Picquet 
near the Park of Artill- & be ready to rein- 
force any guard, or go on any other duty 
which the M Gen! or other Officer of the day 
may think necessary 

The Guards are in common to parade at 
Eight oCl. in the morning near the Artillery 
Park, but whenever the troops are to march, 
they are to assemble there at least half an 
Hour before the march is to begin, upon 
which the Majf Gen! or other Officers of the 
day will order so many of them as He or they 
may think necessary to move on with the 
Q M G. to the place of Destination & after 
the Ground & all the Avenues to the new 
Encampment are reconnoitred, the Guards are 
to be posted, & such troops as have not been 
supply'd with their full complement of Car- 
tridges agreeable to the order of the 13* Ins! 
are to be furnish'd instantly, — The troops 
are to have Provisions cook'd for to morrow 
at least — The Clothier Gen! is waiting with 
shoes &C. The Officers Commanding Reg- are 
to loose no time in getting their Men sup- 
ply'd — In future whenever the Men are 
form'd for Action, the Serjeants are to be 



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plac'd in the ranks on the flanks of Sub- 
divisions, that their fire may not be lost, The 
Brig- or Officers commanding Reg'- are also 
to post some good Officers in the rear to 
keep the men in order, & if in time of Action 
any man who is not wounded whether he has 
Arms or not, turns his back on the Enemy & 
attempts to run away or retreat before orders 
are given for it, Those Officers are instantly to 
put him to Death — The Man does not de- 
serve to live, who basely flies, breaks his 
solemn engagements & betrays his Country — 
Such men belonging to Gen! Maxwells light 
Corps as have not join'd their Reg'! are again 
to join him without delay The Officers com- 
manding Corps are to make diligent search 
for those men & see that they are sent to that 
Corps immediately — 



G. 0— ffd Q u rs j-yth Sgp t r jyyj 

Maf. Gen\ to morrow Sullivan 

Brig r . MUHLENBURG 

Field . . LT Col. Febiger tsf Maj? Lockhart 
B Maj: Peers 

THE Commanding OfP. s of Brigades 
are immediately to dispatch two or 
three active Off? into the rear of the 
line of march yesterday as far back as 
Gen! Maxwells Qu r . s where the Army last drew 
up to examine all Houses barns & Huts on 
the way, to collect & bring on all Stragglers 
from the Army — The Brig r f & other Officers 

[52] 



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are immediately to examine the Arms & Am- 
munition of their men & spare no pains to 
preserve such Ammunition as is not already 
damag'd & to have the Arms put in the best 
order possible, such as are loaded to be drawn 
but if they cannot be drawn they are to re- 
main Loaded, for not one Gun is to be fir'd 
in order to Clean it, The Gen! desires the 
Officers to pay the most particular Attention 
to these orders, not only their own safety, 
but the Salvation of their Country may depend 
thereon — Such Ammunition as is damag'd 
is carefully to be sav'd, to be return'd to the 
Park the first convenient time — to this point 
the Off- will now & at all times pay particular 
Attention, as the Lead is of vast importance 
to us — 

Officers for this day — 

M G Stephens 

Brig r . Conway 

Field ... LT Col. Davis &f Maj? Sterret 
Brigade Maj: Day 



Qui! 18 Sept: 1777 — 

The Brigade is immediately to draw & 
cook two days Provisions. Returns of the 
Ammunition wanting sign'd by the Col! of 
Reg 1 ? to be carried to the Adjutant Gen! that 
the Brigade when called upon to move, which 
will probably be shortly, may be in the most 
perfect readiness — 



B. o. 



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* H d . Qui'. 20*}. Sept: 77 

T is with the utmost concern that the 
Gen! observes the continual Straggling 
of Sold? on the march, who rob Orchards 
& commit other disorders & that many 
Officers pay little or no Attention to prevent 
a practice attended with such mischievous 
consequences notwithstanding the orders rela- 
tive thereto, The Off" are reminded that it is 
their duty & the Gen! expects that for the 
future they know precisely the number of 
Men in their Divisions or Plattoons, & where 
the time will admit of it, take a List of their 
names previous to their marching, that on a 
march they frequently review their Division 
to see if it be in order & no man missing. 
The Gen! has reason to think that many 
Officers neglect to call Rolls of their Com- 
panies daily agreeable to former orders & that 
many cannot properly account for their absent 
men, This is a neglect of the most dangerous 
Tendency & if continued the Army will soon 
be greatly reduc d, The Gen! therefore calls 
upon all Officers in the most pressing manner 
as they regard the Salvation of their Country 
& their duty to have the rolls call'd night & 
morni g & pay the most unremitting Attention 
to prevent a loss of their men — 

The Gen! is inform'd that a vast number 
of Men are sent off with the Baggage as guards 
to it, The Brig? & Off? commanding Brigades 
are without delay to send proper Off? to 
Reading or whereever the Waggons may be 

[77] 



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to reduce those Guards & bring with the 
greatest Dispatch to the Army the greater 
part of them & those the best men with the 
best Arms leaving only so many Officers & 
Men as are absolutely necessary, to gu? the 
Baggage — Col. Polk who commands those 
guards will see, that as few Officers & Men 
as possible are left with the baggage — Some 
Off? are also to be sent to Phil? to bring all 
Sold" who may be found there The Off? will 
also see that all Sold? who serve as waiters 
be arm'd & do duty as Sold rs on any Emer- 
gency, particularly that the fire of so many 
Men be not lost in time of Action — The 
Waggons are to be kept ready to move on 
the shortest notice — 

H d . Qu\i 21 Sepr. 77 — 

M Gen 1 , to morrow Greene 

Brig r . Nash 

Field .... Col. Lawson, Lt Col. Brearley 

B. Maj r . Barber 

for Picquet Major Lyon 

THE Honb 1 ? Congress have been 
pleas'd to appoint the Count Pulaski 
to the Command of the American 
Light Dragoons with the rank of 
Brig- r Gen 1 - Some diligent Officers are to be 
immediately sent to all the Houses within 4 
or 5 Miles of the Camp, to find & bring on 
all Stragglers to their respective Corps, The 
Brig? will see this done, The Maj' & Brig' 
Genl! will see that their Commissaries have 



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always a Competency of Provisions for supply- 
ing the troops, One Person in the Issuing 
Commissary Genl? Department is, without 
fail to call daily at Head Qu" to report the 
State of Provisions & receive orders — 



G. . O— H ea d Q u rs 2 jd s e p t r ^ — 

M Gen\ to morrow Stirling 

Brig f Weedon — 

Field OfflL . . Col. Buncum, Lt Col. Innis — 

Picq\ Major Stubblefield 

B. Major Fleury — 

THE Gen! expects a return of the 
Army to morrow morning without 
fail & Enjoins it upon the Com- 
manding OfP of Corps to see that 
they are exactly made, Each Reg 1 to proceed 
in making Cartridges for its own use that 
they may be held in Store, Gen! Knox will 
furnish Materials — 

It is expected as the Weather is now grow- 
ing cool, that the troops will never have less 
than two days Provision, The necessity of 
this, the Gen! does in the strongest manner 
Impress on the Officers & hopes they will 
exert themselves in seeing them executed, as 
the Soldiers or the Service must greatly suffer 
unless this is well attended to — The Gen! is 
Inform'd that the Tin Canteens which was 
serv'd out for the purpose of carrying Am- 
munition are in some Instances applied to 
other uses. He therefore positively forbids 
such practices, — James Lloyd Esq!: is ap- 

FJ6] 



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pointed Volunteer A.D.C. to the Honb'f 
Maj' Gen! Greene & is to be respected ac- 
cordingly — 

The Sick in Camp are to be immediately- 
sent to the Park of Artill y or House or Barn 
nearest there, so that the Surgeon may send 
them to Redding. A careful Subaltern from 
each Division is to go with them if so many 
Off" are not necessary, The Surgeon Gen! will 
dismiss a part of them, each Man to take one 
days Provisions with him — 



H d Qui' 24 th . Sept: 1777 — 

Majl Gen I to morrow Stephen — 

Brig: Scott — 

Pi .... Li Col. Farmer, LT Col. Ford — 

Picq*. Maj?Bell — 

Brigade Major Williams 

H d . Qui' near Pottsgrove 25* Sept r . 77 G. O. 

M G. to morrow Sullivan 

Brigl Conway 

F d . .... Col. Grayson, LT Col. D Hart 

Picq 1 . Col. Barber 

B. Major Cox 

AG. C. MART^ is to sit immediately 
at the House where Gen! Conway 
Quarters, for the trial of all Prison- 
ers which may be brought before 
them Col. James Wood is appointed Pres^ of 
this Court, One careful Subalt" is to be sent 
off immediately to Bethlehem with Col. Biddle 
to Inspect the Baggage of the Army to see if 

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G. O. 



it suffers by Dampness, & if it does to have 
it properly dried & put up again & then to 
see that it be well secur'd and guarded against 
plunderers, These Off" are to Assemble this 
Afternoon at 3 oCl. at the Q M G^ Quart!, 
Hence forward all Brigade Returns are to 
be made directly to the A Gen!, The Weekly 
returns are to be made every Monday at 
Orderly time — 

H d QuU 26 th Sept: 77 

M G. to morrow Greene 

Brig: Nash 

F d . . LT Col. Thackston, LT Col. of Delaware Reg'. 

Picql LT Col. 6{ h P. Reg*. 

B. M. Scott 

THE Com' in Chief approves the 
following Sentences of a G. C. M 
whereof Col. James Wood is Pres_ d ! 
John Frandon of Col. Hartleys Reg* 
charg'd with Deserting to the Enemy & In- 
listing with them, The Court — (upwards of 
two thirds agreeing) do sentence the Pris r to 
suffer Death for the Charge of Desertion — 
The base & Wicked practice of plundering 
the Inhabitants is still continued, notwith- 
standing all orders, & in some cases in the 
most Atrocious manner, The Commander 
in Chief requires that the Gen! Orders of 
4 11 ? Ins! relative thereto, be read without delay 
by the Commanding Off" of each Reg! to their 
Men, The punishm! denounc'd in these orders 
will certainly be Inflicted on the Offenders — 

L58] 



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The Gen 1 , being Inform'd that many Reg 1 . 8 
have but one Orderly book He in some meas- 
ure ceases to wonder that orders are so little 
known & so frequently disobey'd, Until each 
Company can be furnish'd with an ord^ book, 
The Off" commanding Reg ts are to see that 
the Officers & Men are clearly Inform'd of 
every order which relates to them respectively, 
by reading or causing the same to be read 
to them, Should there be in future a well 
grounded Plea of Ignorance of orders, The 
Off? commanding Reg f _ s will consider them- 
selves answerable therefor — 



Pennypackers Mills, H d . Qu:.' 27 Sepr. 77 

THE G. C. Mart! whereof Col. Wood 
was Pres* 1 . 1 is to sit immediately at 
the House next above Head Qu r _ $ , — 
As the troops will rest to day — 
Divine Service is to be perform'd in all the 
Corps that have Chaplains — 

An Orderly Serjeant to attend at HI Q? 
The B. Maj" will see this Invariably done, 
every day when orders have not been pre- 
viously given for marching, an Ordl y Serjeant 
from each Brigade will likewise attend C. 
Martials, Such Reg 1 ! as have not made up spare 
Ammunition, so as to complete at least 40 
Rounds pr Man are to do it this day, without 
fail, The Commanding Off r ! of Reg*! are to 
see this done, all the spare Ammunition is to 
be mark'd & put up in a spare Ammunition 
Waggon, for, & to follow each Division The 



G. . o. 



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Men are to carry only their Cartridge boxes 
& tin Cannisters full 



Hi Qwf Pentiypackers Mills 28 th Sept r . 77 

M. G. to morrow Sullivan 

Brig r . Scott 

F d Col. Lamb £5? Maj? Morrell 

Picq\ Maj? Dawson — 

B. Maf. Peers 

THE Commander in Chief has the 
Happiness again to Congratulate the 
Army on the Success of the A arms 
to the N. ward On the 19 Ins! an 
Engagement took place between Gen! Bur- 
goynes Army & the left Wing of ours under 
Gen! Gates. The Battle begun at One oCl. 
& lasted till Night, Our troops fighting with 
the greatest bravery, not giving one Inch of 
Ground, Our Loss is ab! 80 Kill'd & 200 
wounded & missing, The Enemy's is judg'd 
to exceed 1000 in kill'd Wounded & taken 
Pris", both Pris r ? & Deserters declare, that 
Gen! Burgoyne who commanded in person was 
wounded in the left Shoulder The 62? Reg! 
was cut to pieces & that the Enemy sufferd 
extremely in every Qu! where they were en- 
gag'd, Such was the Ardour of our troops that 
Wounded Men after being dress'd return'd to 
Action — 

The Commander in Chief has further 
occasion to Congratulate the Troops on the 
Success of a Detachment from the Northern 
Army under Col. Brown, who Attack'd & 

[fol 



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carried several of the Enemies Posts & have got 
possession of the old French Lines at Ticon- 
deroga, Col. Brown in these several Attacks 
has taken 293 of the Enemy Pris r ! with their 
Arms, Retaken more than 100 of our Men & 
taken 150 Batteaux below the falls & 50 above 
the falls of Lake Champlain Including 17 
Gun boats & One Arm'd Sloop, besides Can- 
non, Ammunition &C &C 

To Celebrate this Success, The Gen! orders 
that at 4 oCl. this Afternoon, All the troops 
be paraded & Serv'd with a Gill of Rum pr 
Man & that at the same time there be a dis- 
charge of 13 pieces of Cannon from the 
Artill y Park — All spare Ammunition in 
those Divisions that have not a close spare 
Waggon to secure it in, is to be return'd to 
the Park of Artillery — 



H d . £>u Ti . Skippack zg th Sept: if/f 

M. G. to morrow Greene, 

Brig: Conway, 

Field Col. Cook Lt Col. Neville, 

for Picq\ Maj« 3^ M. RegT 

B Majr Day — 

THE Brig r ! or Off r ! commanding 
Brigades are to parade their respect- 
ive Brigades at 8 oClock to morrow 
morning & under their own Eyes 
have an exact return of the OfT rs . & Men present 
on the Ground, which returns they are imme- 
diately afterwards to transmit to the Adjutant 

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Gen!, such of their Off" as are absent & not 
on duty, they are as speedily as possible to 
order to join their Corps, & if any such Off r ! 
get taken by the Enemy they will not be 
exchang'd — 

Three Parties of 1 50 Men each are to parade 
to morrow morning at Sunrise at the Park of 
Artillery with two Days Provisions cookd 
but to leave their Packs at their Quar*, Major 
Joynes, Maj' Sneed & Major Howell is each 
to command one of the Parties, John White 
Esq' is appointed Volunteer A. D C to Maj! 
Gen 1 . Sullivan & to be respected as such — 
L l Col. Hendricks is promoted to the rank of 
Col. of the I s ! V Reg! in the room of Col. 
Read Deceas'd — Maj' Simms of 13 V. Reg! 
to be L* Col. of 6 th in the room of L l Col. 
Hendricks promoted, Capt. Campbell of 8 th . V 
Reg! to be Maj! of 13 th . in the room of Maj' 
Simms, Promoted — 



H d . Q rt . Skippack 30* Sep*. 1777. 

Maf. Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling. 

Brigadier Foreman. 

Field Officers LieuT Col? Syms & Maj? Bloomfield. 
Field Officer for Picquet. . . . LieuT Col? Brown. 
Brigade Major Johnston. 

A FLAG will go to the Enemy's 
lines torn! morning; all Persons 
who have any things to send in are 
to have them ready at Head Quar- 
ters by 7 o'clock in the morning. 

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One Surgeons Mate from each Division 
who can best be spar'd is to go to Bethleham 
forthwith to bring down to the army the 
Medison chests of their Respective Divisions. 

One hundred & fifty men from Gen 1 . Sulli- 
van's, Greene's, LI Stirling's & Stephens's 
Division's, & Gen! Nash's Brigade, are to be 
selected this day, & a like proportion from 
the other Brigades. These men are always to 
carry their axes with them, to march with the 
Picquets where the army moves, to prepare 
timber for, & repair the roads. When arriv'd 
at the new Encampment, they are to cut wood 
for their respective Brigades. The Brigade 
Qf Master's are to go constantly with them, & 
direct them in the business above mention'd. 
For these services, the men are to be excus'd from 
all guards and other ordinary duty, but when 
an action is expected, they are to deliver their 
axes to the Brigade Ql Master's (who are to 
be accountable for the axes of their Brigade) 
& Join their several Corps. When on duty 
as axmen, they are always to carry their arms 
with them. A list of their Names are without 
delay to be given to the Brigade Ql Masters 
by their respective Brigade Majors 



ADVERTISEMENT 



General Greene lost at new Hanover Camp, 
a brass pistol, both Stock & barrel mark'd 
H. . K. . . Any Person who has found it, & 



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will return it to the General shall receive 
twenty Dollars. 

An orderly Horse from each Regiment of 
Horse to attend at Head Quarters. — 



G. 0. 



H d . if.'. Skippack Oc r . I st 1777 

Major General tomorrow Stephens. 

Brigadier Nash. 

Field Officers . Col? Deaton & Major Smith of j'} 

Maryland Regiment. 

Brigade Major Williams. 

Field officer for Picquet Maj? Cropper. 

THE Commander in Chief approves 
the following Sentences of a General 
Court martial held the 28* of Sep- 
tember 1777. whereof Col° Wood was 
president Viz' Lieutenant Robert Craigg, of 
Col° Hazons Regiment charg'd with repeated 
disobedience of orders, acquitted. Adjutant 
Kincaid acting Brigade Maj' to Gen 1 . Scott, 
charg'd with not bringing his Picquet on the 
grand parade in proper time, acquitted. 

Whenever a field officer is warn'd for any 
duty, & he is Sick or absent, the Brigade 
Major of the Brigade to which he belongs is 
to warn another in his stead, & Report his 
name to the Adjutant General. 

When Aids D Camp go from Camp with 
their Major Generals, a Brigade Major of the 
Division is to be notified thereof & directed at 
head quarters at orderly time for orders. 

The Brigade Q' M" are to apply to the 

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Q M General for their Quoto of axes for the 
purpose mention'd in yesterdays orders. 

No more fences to be burnt on any pre- 
tence whatever. If unavoidable necessity com- 
pels us to do it, license must first be obtain'd 
from the Commander in Chief. 

The Pay Masters of Regiment & Corps 
are to bring in their Payrolls for the month 
of August, properly examin'd & Certified, 
that Warrants may be given for Payment. 

Hi f.\ Skippack Oc r . I s .'. 1777 

The whole army are to Strike their Tents 
tomorrow morning at 8, o'clock & get ready to 
march. At 9. . the march is to begin. General 
Sullivans Division leading, follow'd by Lyn- 
colns, M c Dugals, Greene's. These from [sic] 
the first line ; then the Park of Artillery, Then 
the Second line in this order, Stirling's Division, 
Nash's, Stephens General Sullivans Division 
to beat a foot march as a Signal for marching. 
The beat to be continued by the others suc- 
cessively. 

The whole are to encamp in the new 
ground in the same order. General Arm- 
strong is at the same time to move at the 
shortest rout to the right of the first line & 
General Smalwood, & General Foreman to 
the left of the first line, on the ground the 
QM G. . will point out. The Waggons to go 
in the rear of the army in the order of the 
Brigade to which they belong, all the Tent 



G..A.. o 



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G. A. O. 



Waggons first. The Regimental QM" are to 
see that vaults be dug immediately upon the 
army's arrival on its new ground, & any Sol- 
dier caught easeing himself elsewhere is in- 
stantly to be made Prisoner, & punish'd by order 
of a Regimental Court martial. The Brigade 
QM-- are without fail to see all offal buried 
every morning, & are to apply to their Brigade 
for men for that purpose. Regimental, or 
Brigade QM-- failing in the duties here requir'd 
of them, are forthwith to be arrested. 

Some Person from each distin'd {sic) body 
or Brigade of Militia is to attend at Head q rs 
for orders at noon. 

Each Brigade QM' is to make an immedi- 
ate return of the number of Baggage Waggons 
in his Brigade to the QM General 

An Officer from each Brigade is to remain 
till the troops have march'd off, then to make 
search for, & bring on all Straglers. 

Hi Q r .'. S- °'- z 777- 

Major General Tomorrow Stirling. 

Brigadier Scott. 

Field officers Col? ofM. c . Dugals Brigade, & Major Miller 

Brigade Major Johnston 

Fi officer for Picquet Major Crawford 

400 men for Picquet to parade precisely at 
6 o'clock at the Park of Artillery. 

Hi Qv.s?. Oc: 1777. 

The Officers Commanding Regiments are 
to make out returns of the Cartridges wanted 

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for their men to Compleat them to forty rounds 
each, & draw the materials for making them at 
the Park of Artillery early tomorrow morning. 
One attentive officer from each Regiment, is to 
be present, & Superintend the makeing Car- 
tridges for their Regiments, & see that they are 
well made up & the materials not waisted. 

The arms are to be cleaned and put in good 
order immediately. Such as are charg'd & 
cannot be drawn is to be discharg'd at noon 
tomorrow under the direction of the officers. 
Each Regiment is to draw twelve Cartridges 
pf man, ready made at the Park of Artillery 
besides the above materials. 

Small parties of Horse are tomorrow morn- 
ing to be sent up the different roads above the 
present Encampment of the army as much as 
ten miles in order to stop all Soldiers, & 
turn them back to the army. All the detach- 
ments of Horse are to be collected as soon as 
possible to one place as near as may be to 
the army except the two parties under Lee & 
Craig. 

Returns as exact as possible are to be made 
immediately of the Kill'd, wounded, & missing 
in the action of yesterday and deliver'd to the 
Commander in Chief at four o'clock tomorrow 
in the afternoon. The B. Major will be punc- 
tual in this matter, & where there is no B. 
Major, The Brigadier, or officer Commanding 
the Brigade are without delay to appoint a 
Person to do the duty. One set of Colums 
are to shew the kill'd of the different ranks, 



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2? the wounded, & a third set of Columns the 
Missing. 

The Commander in Chief returns his thanks 
to the Generals, & other officers & men con- 
cern'd yesterday in the attack on the enemy's 
left wing; for the Spirit & bravery shewn in 
driving the enemy from Field to Field : & 
altho an unfortunate fog, Join'd with the 
smoke prevented the different brigades seeing 
& supporting each other, or sometimes even 
distinguishing their fire from the enemy's, & 
from some other causes, which as yet cannot 
be accounted for, they finally retreated, They 
nevertheless see that the enemy are not proof 
against a vigorous attack, & may be put to 
flight when boldly push'd. This they will 
remember, & assure themselves that on the 
next action, by a proper exertion of the Powers 
which God has given them & inspir'd with the 
cause of freedom in which they are engag'd, 
they will be victorious. The Commander in 
Chief not seeing the engagement with the 
enemy's right wing desires the General officers 
who commanded there, to thank those officers 
& men who behav'd with becoming bravery 
& those of either wing who behav'd otherways 
to be reported. 

Detail for picquet to be the same as last 
setled. They are to parade at 1 1 o'clock to- 
morrow forenoon & afterwards at 8, in the 
morning as usual. 



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Maj r . General tomorrow . . . . \ . . Stephens 

Brigadier Muhlenburg 

Field officers . . Col? Clark. LieuT Col? Conner 

Field officer for Picquet Maj? Miller 

Brigade Major Peers 

H d . q r .[ 6* Oc r . 1777 Skippack. 

Majl General tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigadier Conway 

Field officers . . Col? Richardson, Ly Col? Park 

Picquet Maj? Ball 

Brigade Majl Day 

THE commanding officers of Regi- 
ments are without delay to send to the 
Provost for such of their men as have 
been try'd & their sentences publish'd. 

The Battalion of Militia from Virginia 
Commanded by Col? Rumney are to be attach'd 
to, & do duty with General Scotts Brigade 

Brigadier General Polisque (sic. Pulaski ?) 
will make a Return of the Horse as soon as 
possible. 

A pair of brass mounted pistols with white 
metal locks was taken from General Muhlen- 
burgs Horse at Head quarters, twenty dollars 
will be given to any Person who will bring 
them to him & no questions ask'd. A Pistol 
with two brass Barrels were lost by Cap! Lee 
of the light Horse : His Cypher H. L. was 
on the Thumb piece. 20 Dollars will be 
given to the person who will bring it to him. 

John Lauranse Esqf appointed on the 6 l - 
of September Extra Aid D Camp to the Com- 

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mander in Chief, is now appointed A D Camp 
to him, and is to be obey'd as such. 

Thomas Mullens Esq' appointed the 3* 
Instant to act as Maj! Brigade to General 
Conway is now for his Gallant behaviour on 
the 4» Instant appointed Major Brigade to 
Gen 1 . Conway and is to be respected & obey'd 
as such. 

The Commanding officers of Corps are 
every morning to Report the Strength of them 
to their Brigadier, or Officers Comm? Brigades 
that it may be known what Straglers have 
joind. 

Buck-shott are to be put in all the Car- 
tridges which shall be hereafter made. 



D. O. Camp. Perkyomen. 7* Oc r . 1777. 

The General returns his sincere thanks to 
the Officers and Soldiers of his Division for 
their behaviour in the action at German Town. 
Nevertheless he has the mortification to hear 
that some few behav'd ill, who are arrested and 
reported to his Excellency. The General has 
the highest confidence in the troops of his 
Division, and in the Spirit and good Conduct 
of the Officers. He has the Mortification to 
assure the Troops that from the best informa- 
tion they fled from victory : & he wishes most 
ardently, that the troops may be convinc'd of 
the Necessity of Retreating and rallying again 
Briskly ; and that a Partial retreat, to change 
a position is often necessary, and therefore a 



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particular Retreat is not to be consider'd 
General without the order is such. Notwith- 
standing the fog depriv'd us of the oppor- 
tunity of seeing how to conduct our own 
approaches on the Enemy's confusion and of 
giving them a compleat rout which undoubt- 
edly we should have done had the weather been 
clear : Nevertheless he has the satisfaction to 
assure the troops the enemy suffer'd very 
severely. 

The Arms and Ammunition are to be put 
in good order as soon as possible ; and every 
thing got in readiness for attack or defence. 



Head quarters. f* Oc T . 1777. G - ° 

Major General tomorrow Greene 

Brigadier Smalwood 

Field Officers . . LT Col? Buller. Maj? Vaughan 
D° D". for Picquet .... Maj? Nicholas 
Brigade Maf. Platts 

Y §§ ^HE State Regiment from Virginia, 
to Supply the place of the 9^ Regi- 
ment in Muhlenburgs Brigade and 
do duty there till farther orders. 
John Farndon of Col? Hartley's Regiment 
found Guilty of the Crime of Desertion & 
Sentenced by a General Court Martial held 
the 25 l . h of September last to suffer death Is 
to be executed tomorrow at 12 O Clock The 
situation of the Army frequently not admit- 
ting of the Regular performance of divine Ser- 
vice on Sundays the Chaplains of the Army 

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are forthwith to meet together and agree upon 
some method of performing it on other times 
which method they will make known to the 
Commander in Chief. Divers Swords as well 
as other things have lately been stole from 
Officers by Soldiers. Officers are Requested 
to take notice of such things seen in the Pos- 
session of their Men, and have them taken 
care of & Advertised. 

Taken from head Quarters the fourth in- 
stant at Sunset a pair of Silver mounted Pistols 
with Dogheads whoever will bring them to 
head Quarters shall receive twenty Dollars 
Reward and no Questions asked. The Pay- 
master General is at Gen! Conways Quarters 
at Thetwvlers Mills where he will attend the 
business of his department 

C S S C P D F 
Col? Stewarts Regiment Detail i. o. O. I. ip. O. o. 



Head quarters, Skippack, 3 d Oc r . 1777. 

The Troops to be ready to march at Six 
o'clock this evening. The Divisions of Sulli- 
van, & Wayne to form the Right wing, and 
attack the Enemy's left ; They are to march 
down the Monotony* road. 

The Division of Greene and Stephens to 
form the left Wing and attack the Enemy's 
Right. They are to march down the Skip- 
pack road. General Conway to march in front 



Manatawney. 



[7*] 



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of the Troops that compose the Right Wing, 
and file off to attack the Enemy's left. Gen- 
eral M*: Dugal to march in front of the Troops 
that compose the left Wing, and file off to 
attack the Enemy's right flank. 

General Nash's, and General Maxwell's 
Brigades to form the Corps D Rerserve (sic), 
and to be commanded by Major General L* 
Stirling. The Corps D' Reserve to pass down 
the Skippack road. 

General Armstrong to pass down the Ridge 
Road by Levering's Tavern and take guides 
to cross Wissahiccon Creek about the head 
of John Vandeerings mill dam so as to fall in 
about Jos^ Warners new house. 

Smalwood and Foreman to pass down by 
a Mill, formerly Daniel Morris's and Jacob 
Edjes Mill into the White marsh Road, at 
the Sandy Run — thence to white Marsh 
Church — there take the left hand road which 
leads to Jenkins's Tavern on the old York 
Road, then keep down the old York Road 
below Armitages beyond the Seven mile 
Stone ; half a mile from which, a Road turns 
off short to the Right hand fenc'd on both 
sides, which leads through Enemy's Encamp- 
ment at Germantown Market House. 

Gen 1 . MfDugal to attack the Right Wing 
of the Enemy in flank — General Smalwood 
and Foreman to attack their Right wing in 
flank and Rear General Conway to attack the 
Enemy's left flank and Gen 1 . Armstrong to 
attack their left Wing in flank and Rear. 

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The Militia who are to act on the flanks 
are not to have any Cannon. 

The packs and Blankets to be left. The 
men to carry their provisions in their Haver- 
sacks ; or in any other manner least in- 
convenient. 

All the Pioneers of each Division who are 
fit to march are to march in front of their Re- 
spective Divisions with all the axes they can 
muster. 

Every Officer and Soldier to have a piece 
of white Paper in his hatt. 

Picket on the left at Van Deering's mill will 
be taken by Gen! Armstrong — One at Aliens 
House on Mount Airy by General Sullivan — 
One at Luken's mill by General Greene. 

Each Column to make their Disposition 
so as to attack the picquets in their Respec- 
tive Routs precisely at 5 oClock with charg'd 
Bayonets without fireing, and the Column to 
move on to the attack as soon as possible. 

The Columns to endeavour to get within 
two miles of the Enemy's Picquets on their 
Respective Routs by 1 oClock and there halt 
till four and make the disposition for attack- 
ing the picquets at the time above mention'd 

The Columns of Continental Troops and 
Militia to communicate with each other from 
time to time by Light Horse. 

Proper Flanking parties to be kept out 
from each Column. 

G. Washington. 



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Head quarters, 8[ h m Oc r . 1777. 

Majl General tomorrow L? Stirling 

Brigadier 

Field Officers 

Brigade Maf. Nichols 

Field officer for Pic que t Maj? Polk 

"^HE Brigade Majors are to give in 
Returns tomorrow of the number of 
mens arms and Accoutrements want- 
ing in the Regiments of each Brigade 
that they may be compleated immediately : also 
Returns of the tin Canisters. 
The mens pouches to be greas'd once a week. 
The Commanding Officers of Regiments 
are ordered to select the best men for makeing 
Mocasins, and set them about it immediately. 
The Commissary's are to take care of the 
hides &c* 

Thomas Farndon to be executed tomorrow 
at 12 oCl: Sixty men from each Brigade to 
parade at the Park at that time. 



Head quarters 9- Ocf. 77 

Maj r . General Tomorrow Stephens 

Brigadier Wayne 

Field Officers . . LieuT. Col? Swift £ff LieuT Col? Ross 
D\ for Picquet Maj?.. Force 

Y General Orders of 13^ Sep', a dis- 
tribution of Tents was thus directed: 
One Soldiers Tent for the Field offi- 
cers of each Regiment, one for Every 
four Commission'd officers and one to every 
eight privates. The Commanding officers of 

[75] 



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Regiments are immediately to Examine into 
the number of Tents and cause all beyond the 
foregoing allowance to be collected and de- 
livered to the Brigade Quarter Masters : In 
the first place to supply those Corps in their 
Brigades who are short in their allowance and 
the Residue to be deliver'd over to the Q M 
General to supply the Militia and such other 
Corps as are destitute. 

The Commander in Chief expects the 
General Officers and those Commanding Bri- 
gades will see this order carried into effectual 
and immediate execution. 

Brigadier General Nash will be inter'd at 
10 o'clock this forenoon with military honours 
at the place where the roads cross'd and where 
the troops march'd in yesterday. All officers 
whose circumstances will admit, are to attend 
and pay this Respect to a brave man who dy'd 
in defence of his country. 

The execution of John Farndon is pos- 
pon'd, till Tomorrow at noon. 

The General Court martial whereof Colo- 
nel Broadhead was president is to set to- 
morrow morning at eight oClock at the 
Horsemans tent near the Artillery Park. 



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Head quarters. . 70? Oc r . 1777. 

Maf General tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigadier Scott 

Field Officers . . . Col? Marshall. Maj? Hay 
Brigade Maf. Cox 

Field Officer for Pickett . . Maj? Frances Murrey 

THE Chaplains of the Army to meet 
tomorrow at 12 o'clock in the rear 
of the park of Artillery for the pur- 
pose mention'd in the General orders 
of 7- Instant. 

The Pay-master General will attend the 
Business of his department at General Wee- 
dons quarters at M? Finneys House. 

A court of enquiry, consisting of four 
members and Maj' General L? Stirling presi- 
dent, is to sit this day at 12 o clock at the 
Presidents quarters to examine into the con- 
duct of Maj' General Sullivan in the expedi- 
tion commanded by him against Staten Island 
in the Month of August last. Maj' Taylor & 
other officers who can give information of this 
matter are to attend : but if the court see cause 
to pospone the examination for want of evi- 
dence, (after hearing what Majf Taylor has 
to Relate on that head) they are to do it 
accordingly. 

General M?Dugal) 

General Knox) „,,- 7 
n c \ Members 

Colonel spencer) 

Colonel Clark) 



g. o. 



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The General being inform'd that much pro- 
visions are wasted by the irregular manner in 
which it is drawn and cook'd : does in earnest 
terms exort the officers commanding Corps, 
to look into, and prevent abuses of this kind ; 
and in very express terms desires that they 
will see their men have provisions by them 
ready for any immergency : and Moreover, that 
they will be particularly attentive to the execu- 
tion of orders both as to time and manner : 
Ardently wishing, that the necessity of a Rigid 
compliance with them may be deeply impress'd 
upon the mind of every Officer, who ought 
to consider how impracticable it is to carry on 
any Military opperations without it. It is not 
for every Officer to Know the principles upon 
which orders are issued, and to Judge how 
they may, or may not be dispens'd with or 
Suspended : but their duty to carry them into 
execution with the greatest punctuality and 
exactness — They are to consider that mili- 
tary movements are like the working of a 
Clock, and will go equally regular and easy if 
every Officer does his duty : but without it, 
be as easily disorder'd ; because neglect in any 
one part, like the stoping of a Wheel disorders 
the whole. 

The General therefore expects, that every 
Officer will duly consider the importance of 
the observation : Their own honour, Reputa- 
tion, and the duty they owe their Country 
claims it of them ; and he earnestly calls upon 
them to do it. 



[78] 



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The General directs that the Arms be put 
in the best order without loss of time, Am- 
munition compleat, and every thing in Readi- 
ness against a Sudden call if such should be 
made upon us. 

Those who want Ammunition are to be 
supply'd immediately by orders from the A. 
General ; but at the foot of each Return an 
account is to be render' d how the deficiency 
arises 

Promotions in consequence of the late 
deaths and Resignations will now take place 
as a Reward to the merits of deserving Officers. 
The Succession in which they are to be made 
agreeable to General Orders is to be reported 
by the General Officers of each Division or 
Brigade ; after consulting the Field Officers 
of the Regiment they belong to. 

Officers who are under the imputation of 
cowardice, or whose characters are otherways 
impeachable are to be noted, as the Gen! is 
determin'd to discriminate between the good 
and bad ; This order to be confin'd to pro- 
motion — No new appointments will take 
place at this time in the week state of the 
Regiments. 

ii'Z Ocr.1777, 

A court of enquiry to sit this day at 12 o'clock 
to examine into the Conduct of Lieutenant 
Brock of 10^ Virginia Regiment in not Join- 
ing his Regiment at the proper time. Coif 
Stewart is appointed president of this Court — 

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U. Col? Syms — Major John Murray — One 
Captain from 2? Virginia Regiment and one 
from the 6 l » Virginia Regiment, Members- — 
All evidences to attend where the president 
shall direct. 

A Draught is to be immediately made of 
twenty men from the Brigade for additionals 
to Captain Doughty's Artillery and as the 
Credit and safety of our Artillery depends on 
the goodness of the men employ'd in useing 
them, the General requests the Officers Com- 
manding Regiments to send none for that 
purpose but those in whom a proper depend- 
ence may be put. 

Those Recruits which have lately Join'd 
the if Virgf Regiment are to be divided among 
the different Companies in the Regiment so as 
to bring them most upon an equality, allowing 
the Recruiting officers the first Choice. 



G. . O. . H d . Quarters. Towamensing. ji 1 ] 1 . Oc r . 1777. 

Maf. General tomorrow Greene 

Brigadier Muhlenburg 

Field Officers . Colonel Chandler, Colonel Nelson 

D' for Picquett Maj* Sumner 

Brigade Maf. Johnston 

THE Court of enquiry of which Lord 
Stirling is president now siting at 
the Presidents quarters is to enquire 
into the conduct of Brigadier General 
Wayne Viz! that he had timely notice of the 
enemy's intentions to attack the Troops under 

[to] 



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his Command on the night of the 20^ Ult° 
and notwithstanding that intelligence he neg- 
lected makeing a disposition untill it was too 
late, either to annoy the enemy, or make a 
Retreat without the utmost danger & Con- 
fusion. The President will give notice when 
the Court can enter on the Enquiry, when 
the Parties and Evidences are to attend. 

A Flag will go to the Enemy's lines on 
Monday next at 9 o'Clock in the morning. 
All Persons haveing letters, or things to send 
in, will have them ready at Head Quarters by 
that time 

TWICE A WEEK, viz. . On Wednes- 
days and Saturdays, The Officers of each 
Company are to Inspect their mens Arms, 
Ammunition and accoutriments to see that 
they are in perfect order and that nothing is 
wanting. At the first inspection, they are to 
take an exact account of every article belong- 
ing to each man, and if afterwards any be 
missing, they are immediately to report the 
same to the Officer Commanding their Regi- 
ment that the matter may be enquir'd into (If 
he judges it proper) by a Regimental Court 
Martial, and the delinquent punish'd if de- 
serving and Charg'd with the articles lost to 
be deducted out of his wages — 

The Militia from the County's of V\ Wil- 
liam — Culpepper — Louden & Berkley in 
the state of Virginia are to ( ) form'd into 
a Brigade under the Command of Colonel 
William Crawford. 



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[81] 



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The Q Master & Commissary Generals 
are to appoint persons therein to do the duty's 
of their respective departments — 

All the Troops that came from Peeks-kill 
under the Command of General Varnum — 
M? Dugal— Huntingdon — (Malcoms Regi- 
ment excepted) are to be thrown into two 
Brigades in such manner as those Gentlemen 
shall think best : a Report of which is to be 
made to Comm! in Chief for his further or- 
ders. Col? Malcoms Reg! is to Join General 
Conways Brigade. 

Twelve Light horse with an Officer are to 
mount guard every ( ) with the Picquets and 
to be dispos'd of with the picquets for the 
purpose of Conveying every intelligence in 
Such a way, as the Major General of the day 
shall direct 

The Commanding officers of those Com- 
pany's, which were rais'd as part of the sixteen 
Battalions, and at different times annex'd to 
other Regiments are to make immediate re- 
turn to the Adjutant General of their Strength, 
and in what Reg! they are doing duty 

The General has the pleasure to inform 
the Army that the Congress have in an Un- 
animous resolve express'd their thanks to the 
Officers and men, concernd in the attack on 
the Enemy near German Town on the ^ In- 
stant ; for their brave exertions on that oc- 
casion, and hopes the approbation of that 
honourable body will stimulate them to still 
nobler acts on every future occasion. 



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Captain Paul Parker of Col? Hartleys 
Regiment is appointed to do the duty of Bri- 
gade Major in General Waynes Brigade till 
further orders and is to be respected and 
obey'd as Such. 

All firing of Guns are absolutely forbidden, 
unless by licence first obtain'd of the Maj! 
General of the day : and the Instant a gun is 
fir'd, a Serjeant and file of men shall be sent 
to catch the Villain who is thus wasting am- 
munition and alarming the Camp. All offi- 
cers are strictly requir'd to see this order put 
in execution. 

The Brigade Major of the day is to bring 
four Drums and Fifes to the parade to be 
distributed to the Guards if necessary or 
otherwise dispos'd of as the Brigadier of the 
day shall direct. 



Head q r ?. 12'? Oc r . if} 7. 

Major General Tomorrow Stephens 

Brigadier Smalwood 

Field officers . . Col? Patton. L : Col? Mead 

Brigade Major Peers 

Field officer for Picquet . . . L : Col? Davis 

MAJ R LOCKHART of the 3? N. 
Carolina Regiment is promoted to 
the Rank of L: Colonel in the 8 th 
Regiment in that State in the room 
of L: Col? Ingram resign'd. 

Captain Henry Dickerson of the I s -- N 
Carolina Regiment is promoted to the Rank 



G. O. 



[83] 



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of Major in the 3? Regiment of said state in 
the room of Maj' Lockhart promoted 

The Commander in Chief approves the fol- 
lowing Sentences of a General Court Mar- 
tial held the 3? Instant. Viz — Ensign Car- 
son of the 4^ Virginia Regiment charg'd 
with accusing Ensign Ford of cowardice ; 
also geting drunk in the morning and be- 
having in an Ungentelman-like manner. 
Found guilty of the charge brought against 
him and sentenc'd to be discharg'd from the 
service. 

It is the ardent wish of the Commander in 
Chief that the duty of the Camp may be per- 
form'd with the greatest exactness and regular- 
ity and desires that the Major Gen! Brigadier 
General and Field officer of the day, attend 
the parade at the time of Guard mounting 
and see that the Guards are duly march'd off 
and every thing conducted with propriety — 
Henceforward, the guards are to parade at 9 
oClock in the morning — 'The Officers have 
now an opportunity of attending to the dis- 
cipline of the Troops. . . . Every day, when 
the weather will permit, the Corps are to be 
turn'd out and practic'd in the most essential 
exercises : Particularly, primeing and load- 
ing — advancing — forming — Retreating — 
breaking — and Rallying 

No pains are to be Spar'd to improve the 
Troops in this point. 

All parties & Witnesses concern'd in the 
charge against Gen 1 . Wayne are to attend at 

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Lord Stirlings Quarters tomorrow morning 
at 9 oCl : 

The Q M General is directed to provide 
paper immediately, that the troops may be 
furnish'd immediately. 



Head Quarters ij'* Oc r . if??. 

Maj r . General tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigadier Varnum 

Field officers . Colonel Bradley. L : Col? Greene 

Brigade' Maf. Day 

Field officer for picquet .... Maj? Sterrett 

SENDING the flag to the Enemys lines 
will be defer'd till Tomorrow at 9 
oclock. 
Those Battalions and Corps that 
have Join'd the army since the 3? Instant are 
to attend to the orders of that day with regard 
to making out their Muster Rolls. An im- 
mediate attention to this duty is requir'd of 
every officer who has not already perform'd it. 
It is with real grief and amazement that 
the General observes by the late returns how 
deficient of arms and accoutriments the Con- 
tinental arms are ; He directs that they may 
be immediately supply'd with muskets and if 
there is not a sufficient number of Cartouch 
boxes that the tin Canisters be taken from 
those who have Cartouchboxes to supply the 
defect of those who have none. After this, 
the General positively orders that the arms, 
ammunition and accoutriments be examin'd 



G. O. 



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once a day, by an officer of each Company. 
That this may certainly be done, he expects 
the Commanding officer of each Regiment 
will give particular attention to the duty here 
injoin'd; He also recommends it to the Gen- 
eral officers as a matter well worthy of their 
care, any soldier who shall after this loose, 
sell, or otherways dispose of his arms, accou- 
triments or cloathing shall be punish'd in the 
most Exemplary manner without the smallest 
mitigation. As there are not spare Cartouch 
Boxes at this time to supply the Militia: 
Col Crawford is desir'd to use his utmost 
skill & Industry to procure Horns & Pouches 
to carry their Ammunition in ; or to adopt 
any other Method he may (upon consulting 
his officers) find more Expeditious — He is 
to appoint some active Person, acquainted 
with duty as Brigade Major Pro tern, who 
will be allow'd pay during the time he acts. 
As many great and valuable advantages 
would result from having the arms of a Divi- 
sion ; or even a Brigade of the same Bore : 
The Commander in Chief directs, that each 
officer Commanding a Brigade would have a 
Return instantly made to him of the different 
Calibers, and number of each kind in his Bri- 
gade : and that as soon as this is done; Major 
General Sullivan would call together all the 
General officers and Off- Commanding Bri- 
gades and see if Such a disposition of arms 
can be effected as many happy consequences 
would flow from it 



[86] 



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After Orders. Oc r . 13* 77. 

Altho orders have been given to Compleat 
the Army to 40 Rounds p' man; the General 
did not intend that they should be distributed 
to the men 'till further orders, except as far as 
should be necessary to fill the Cartridge Boxes 
& Tin Canisters, all above that number are 
to be Collected immediately and deposited in 
a good coverd wagon of the Brigade or Di- 
vision : no delay is to be made in this Matter, 
lest the Cartridges be Spoil'd or lost. 

The Companies rais'd by Captains, Steel, 
Irwin, Heartly, & Calderwood, are to Join 
Colonel Malcoms Regiment & compose part 
of it. 

What Blankets, Breeches and Shoes are 
in the Clothiers Store are to be distributed 
tomorrow upon application to him without 
further orders 



Head Quarters. 14}} Oc T . 1777. 

Maj r . General tomorrow Greene 

Brigadier Huntingdon 

Field Officers . . Col? Stephens. L : Col? Lynley 

Brigade Maf. Platt 

Picquet Maj? Bruster 

p |~^HE officers on guard are to make 
report to the officers of the day, who 
will report the whole to the Adj! 
General. 
T> T . Craick director of the Hospital at 

Reading has sent a list of the wounded there 



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whose Blankets and other necessaries remain 
in Camp. The Commanding officers of Regi- 
ments, are immediately to make most diligent 
search for all such necessaries, belonging to 
the Wounded of their Respective Regiments ; 
collect them together, and lodge them with all 
possible dispatch at the Q M' Generals Quar- 
ters The wounded are now suffering for 
want of them, and not a moment is to be lost 
in relieving those brave men who have suf- 
fer' d in their Country's cause. The Brigade 
Majors are to send lists of their Names 
to the officers commanding Regiments without 
delay 

Hichcock Esq' is appointed to do the 

duty of Brigade Major in the 2? Maryland 
Brigade, late De Borres & is to be respected 
accordingly. 

John Lawson Esq^ Adjutant to the Prince- 
william Militia is appointed to do the duty of 
Brigade Maj' in the Brigade of Militia under 
the command of Col? Crawford, & is to be 
respected as Such. 

Rich? Emmory Esq r is appointed to do the 
duty of Brigade Maj' in the I st Maryland Bri- 
gade and is to be respected accordingly. 



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Head Quarters 15* Oci 1777. 

Maj r . General tomorrow Stephen 

Brigadier Weedon 

Field Officers . . . Col? Lewis. L : Col? Nagle 

Brigade Maf. Parker 

Picquet Maj* Richardson 

THE General has the repeated pleasure 
of informing the army, of the suc- 
cess of the Troops under the Com- 
mand of General Gates over General 
Burgoyne. On the 7* Instant, the action 
commenc'd about 3' oclock afternoon be- 
tween the picquets of the two armies, which 
was reinforced on both sides. — The con- 
test was warm & continued with obstinacy 
till eve'ning, when our Troops gain'd the ad- 
vanc'd lines of the Enemy & encamp'd on 
that ground all night. — The enemy fled & 
left behind them 330 Tents, with kettles boil- 
ing with Corn. — Eight brass Field pieces. — 
Two 12 & 6 Six pounders. — upwards of 200 
of their Dead, & the baggage of their flying 
army. General Frazer is among their dead — 
our Troops took 550 Non-commission'd offi- 
cers & privates prisoners, besides S' Francis 
Carr Clark, Aid D Camp to General Bur- 
goyne a quarter Master General (said to be 
Carleton) — The Commanding officers of Ar- 
tillery of a Forraign Brigade, & of the British 
Granadiers, & a Number of Inferior Rank. — 
Two of our Generals, Lyncoln & Arnold 
were wounded in the leg. Besides these, our 
troops suffer' d but very little ; They behav'd 

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with great bravery and intripidity, & have thus 
a Second time triumph'd over the valor of 
Veteran Troops. When the last accounts came 
away : General Burgoynes army was retreating 
& ours persueing. 

The General congratulates the Troops on 
this Signal victory, the third capital advantage, 
which under divine providence we have gain'd 
in that quarter & hopes it will prove a power- 
ful Stimulous to the army under his immedi- 
ate Command ; at least to equal their Northern 
Brethren in brave & intripid exertions when 
call'd thereto. The General wishes them to 
consider that this is the grand American 
Army, and that of course great things are 
expected from it : It is the army of whose 
Superior prowess many have boasted What 
Shame then & dishonour will attend us if 
we Suffer ourselves in every instance to 
be outdone — We have a force sufficiently 
the Favour of Heaven) to crush our Foe, 
& nothing is wanting but a Spirited per- 
severing exertion of it. — To which, besides 
the motives before mention'd ; duty, & the 
love of our Country irresistably impell us. 
The effects of such powerful motives no 
man who possesses the Spirit of a Soldier 
can withstand 

Spur'd on by them, the General assures 
himself that on the next occasion, his Troops 
will be compleatly successful 

In honour of the Northern army, & to 
celebrate their Victory ; 13 pieces of Cannon 

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are to be discharg'd at the Artillery park, at 
5 o'clock this afternoon: previous to which, the 
Brigades & Corps are to be drawn out on their 
respective parades, & those orders distinctly 
read to them by their officers. 

Those men in Colonel Crawfords Brigades 
of Militia, whose pieces cannot be drawn, are 
to be discharg'd, at Five oClock this after- 
noon. 

The Troops are to march tomorrow from 
the right at 7 oClock in the morning. The 
Maj r - General of the day will point out the 
order of march. 

Brigade Returns are to be made immedi- 
ately of all Seamen in the respective Corps of 
the army. 

The Brigadiers & officers commanding 
Brigades are without the Smallest delay, to 
make strict enquiry about the tin Canisters 
which have been issued to them, and report 
the number now with them and inform what 
is become of the rest. 

A Court of enquiry consisting of 5 mem- 
bers — one of which General Greene is to be 
President is to sit at the Presidents quarters 
at 3 o'clock this afternoon to enquire into the 
charges against Brigadier General Maxwell. — 
All Witnesses are to attend at the same time. 
Brigadier General Muhlenburg — & varnum — 
Col? Stewart and Richardson are appointed 
members of this Court. 

A General Court Martial of horse officers 
is to sit at Col? Moylands quarters, tomorrow 

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at 9 oClock in the morning for the trial of all 
Prisoners of the horse, which shall be brought 
before them — Col? Moyland is appointed 
President of this court. 

Detail the same as yesterday, only the Six 
Brigades which furnish'd Captains yesterday, 
are not to do it tomorrow : the other Six fur- 
nish them, and the North Carolina Brigade is 
to give but Sixteen Privates for Picquet. 
After orders. 

As the army is to march tomorrow at 7 
o, clock — the new Picquets are to be on 
the Grand Parade an hour before agreable to 
General orders of the 15* September. (The 
Brigade Majors will remember that this was 
a standing order) 

Head quarters Worcester Township. i6'. h Oct* 1777. 

Major General tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigadier M^ Dugal 

Field officers Col? Martin of Jersey. L : Col? Han 

Field officer for Picquet Major Bayard 

B Major Williams 

THE Commander in Chief positively 
orders, that the Horse encamp com- 
pactly in the rear of the Army, and 
as near Head Quarters as possible 
The Regiments are to continue to draw 
materials ; and go on making Cartridges every 
day with care and dispatch : and when made, 
they are to be return'd to the Commissary of 
Military Stores. 

The Court of enquiry of which Major 

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General U. Stirling was President, held the 
12^ Instant, to examine into the conduct of 
Major General Sullivan in the Expedition 
commanded by him to Staten Island in the 
month of august last: report their opinion as 
follows. Viz : 

The Court after hearing the evidences 
against Major General Sullivan, and those 
produc'd by him in his defence, and duly con- 
sidering the same, are unanimously of opinion 
that the expedition against the Enemy on 
Staten Island was eligible, and promis'd great 
advantage to the cause of America : that the 
expedition was concerted and the orders for 
the execution proper, and wou'd have suc- 
ceeded with reputation to the General and 
troops under his Command, had it not in 
some measure been render'd abortive by acci- 
dents which were out of the power of the 
General to foresee or prevent: that General 
Sullivan was particularly active in embarking 
the troops to the Island and took every pre- 
caution to bring them off; that he made early 
provision to refresh the Troops of his Division 
at Elizabeth Town when they return'd to the 
Jerseys ; and that upon the maturest con- 
sideration of the Evidence in possession of 
this Court that he deserves the approbation 
of his Country and not the Censure. The 
Court are therefore of opinion unanimously 
that he ought to stand honourably acquitted 
of every unsoldier like Conduct in the expedi- 
tion against Staten Island. 

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After orders 

The Regiments commanded by Colonels 
Greene — Angill — Durgie — & Chandler, are 
to form one Brigade under the command of 
Brigadier General Varnum. — The Reg 1 ! com- 
manded by Col? Prentice — Bradley — & Swift 
are to form one Brigade under the Command 
of Brigadier Gen! Huntington : Those two 
Brigades form a Division to be commanded 
by Brigf General M c Dugal. 

Division Orders, p *. Clock P : M: 16* Oc r . 1777. 

The 2 d . & 5*? Virginia Regiments, with the 
Pennsylvania State Regiment, are to have one 
days provision Cook'd, and be in readiness to 
march at eleven °. Clock tomorrow ; the Re- 
cruits belonging to those Regiments are to be 
left behind — General Weedon will take Com- 
mand of this Detachment — he will receive 
orders at head quarters. 

Head Quarters. Peter Wintzes 17 th . Oc r . 1777. 

Major General tomorrow Stephen 

Brigadier Wayne 

Field officers . . Col? Johnston & L : Col? Naville 
Field officer for Picquet .... Major Morris 
BMajor Hitchcock 

THE Troops are to be under arms 
eleven oClock this Forenoon, except 
those men who are employ'd in mak- 
ing Cartridges and the General ex- 
pects that the Commanding officer of each 
Regiment daily keeps a number of the best 

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hands diligently working at that business till 
further orders. The troops are to parade with 
one days provisions ready Cook'd 

Division orders — no Clock P. M. 

The I s . 1 Virginia Regiment in General 
Muhlenburg's Brigade, & the 6 1 ! 1 In General 
Weedon's Brigade, are to be in readiness to 
march tomorrow morning by Sun-rise ; L. 
Col° Greene who Commands this Detachment 
will receive orders at Head Quarters. 



Head Quarters. Peter Wentzes, Oc T . 18^ 1777. 

Major General tomorrow L? Stirling 

Brigadier Scott 

Field officers . . L : Col? Russel. L. Col? Gurney 
Field officer for Picquet .... Major Lockart 
B Major Emory 

THE General has his happiness com- 
pleated, relative to the success of 
our Northern Army. — On the 14^ 
Instant General Burgoyn and his 
whole army surrender' d themselves Prisoners 
of War. Let every face Brighten and every 
heart expand with greatful joy and praise 
to the Supreme disposer of all humane events, 
who have granted us this signal success. — The 
Chaplains of the Army are to prepare short 
discourses, suited to the Joyful occasion, to 
deliver to their Several Brigades, or Corps at 
five o, Clock this evening. Immediately after 
this, 13 pieces of Cannon are to be discharg'd 

HTs 



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^v 



at the Park of Artillery : to be follow'd by a 
Feu-de joy with blank Cartridges or powder 
by every Brigade and Corps of the Army : 
beginning on the right of the front line and 
runing on to the left of It; and then instantly 
beginning on the left of the Second line and 
runing on to the right of It where it will end — 
The Maj" General of the day will Superintend 
and regulate the Feu de joy. 

The officers Commanding Brigades and 
Corps, are to draw out their men (excepting 
those on duty) every day when the Weather 
permits, to practice the most necessary Ma- 
noeuvres — particularly to advance in line — 
from thence to form Columns to go thro' 
passes and openings in Fences and reduce 
them again — to retire in line and Column 
and form again. In a word, to perform all 
those movements which in Action a woody 
and inclos'd Country shall make necessary. 

After orders. 7 0. Clock 

Two hundred men with two Field officers — 
four Captains and eight Subalterns from each 
Division Viz: Sullivan — Greene — Waynes 
— M^ Dugal — \J. Stirling — & Stephen's are 
to parade torn' morning at Sun-rise in the Field 
before the front line with Arms, Accoutri- 
ments, and Ammunition, and at least one 
days provisions cook'd : but without either 
packs or Blankets. 

General Sullivan will take Command of the 
whole 

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Division orders. 7 Clock. P. M. 

The German Battalion with what provisions 
they have on hand are to parade in front of 
the Division Commanded by Genl M c Dugal 
at Sun-rise tomorrow morning 



Head Quarters ip'* Oc r . 1777. 

Major General tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigadier Huntington 

Field officers . . . Col? Price. L. Col? Brearly 
Field officer for Picquet .... Major Cropper 
B. Major M? Gowin 

THE Brigadiers and officers Com- 
manding Brigades are to appoint Gen- 
eral Courts martial in their respective 
Brigades, for the trial of all Non- 
Commission'd officers and privates now in 
the Provost belonging to their respective 
Brigades : These Courts are to Sit tomorrow 
morning at 9 "Clock, and daily afterwards till 
all the prisoners are try'd. Each Court will 
appoint their Judge Advocate 

The Commander in Chief approves the 
following Sentences of a General Court Mar- 
tial held the 7* and io\ h Instant whereof Col? 
Broadhead was President. Viz. 

Captain Cromp of the first Virginia Regi- 
ment charg'd with Cowardice : is found guilty, 
and sentenc'd to be Cashier' d and his Name — 
place of abode — and his punishment publish'd 
in the News papers in and about the Camp : 
and in the News papers of the particular State 

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he belongs to, or in which he usually resides : 
after which It shall be deem'd Scandalous for 
any officer to associate with him. 

Cap' John Stoner of the 10* Pens? Regi- 
ment, charg'd with leaving the Regiment in 
a Cowardly manner in the action at Chads-ford 
on Brandy-wine on the i if* September last, 
found guilty of leaving his Regiment im- 
properly the n\ h Sepf last when an action was 
expected ; but not in a Cowardly manner, and 
Sentenc'd to be repremanded by the Brig^ of 
the Brigade the io'?Pens? is in — in presence of 
the officers of the officers (sic) of the Brigade. 

L! Simon Morgan of the 13'? Virg? charg'd 
with Cowardice on the 4^ Instant: acquitted 
with honour by the unanimous opinion of the 
Court. 

L: Rains of the 15^ Virg? charg'd with 
sending a Soldier (William Bluford) to bring 
water in a tin Cartouch box, found not guilty 
by the unanimous opinion of the Court. 

L! Col! Byrd ; charg'd with Countermand- 
ing the orders Col? Bland gave to two soldiers 
to fall into their Ranks repeatedly on parade, 
and for disobeying the orders of Col? Bland 
when directed to order the said men into their 
Ranks, on the night the Cavalry pass'd the 
Schuylkill. — . Col? Byrd admitted the Just- 
ness of the Charge : whereupon the Court 
consider'd whether Col? Bland had, or had not 
a right to Command L: Col? Byrd while a 
Superior officer was present and determin'd 
that he had not. 



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After orders. 

The whole army is to be ready to march 
tomorrow morning at 4 o. clock, with what 
Tents, necessary Baggage &c : are at the 
present Encampment. — If any of the troops 
have not already drawn provisions for tomor- 
row ; It is now to be drawn & Cook'd without 
delay 

The Commissaries of Divisions are in- 
stantly to Send down Provisions for their 
respective Detachments which march'd this 
morning: with orders to reach the Detach- 
ments before they Stop. 



Head Quarters. 21'* Oc r . 1777. 

Major General Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigadier. . Conway 

Field officers . . Col? Hall. Major Stubblefield 
Field officer for Picquet .... Major Howard 
B Major Johnston 

Head Quarters. Morris's. Whitpin Township, 
upper Dublin 22*. Oc r . 1777. 

Major General Tomorrow Greene 

Brigadier Smalwood 

Field officers . Col? Chambers. L : Col? Thackston 

Field officer for Picquet L. Col? Ford 

B Major Peers 

SUCH of the troops as have not al- 
ready drawn provisions for to day & 
tomorrow, are to do it Immediately, 
and cook the whole, and be ready to 
march at the Shortest notice 



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Division orders 

The 2? & 10. Virg? with the Pens? State 
Regiment in Gen! Weedons Brigade, to hold 
themselves in readiness to march at 6. oClock 
this Evening. — The 5* Virg* and German 
Regiment of Gen! Muhlenburgs Brigade also 
to be in Readiness to march at the Same 
time; without Blankets, or any kind of En- 
cumbrance — to be compleat with Forty 
rounds of Ammunition 

Division after Orders 

The whole Division is to be in readiness to 
move this evening at 6 oClock. Every man 
is to be provided with forty rounds of Am- 
munition — a Gill of Rum & a Blanket. 



Head Quarters. Oc r . 23 d . 1777. 

Major General Tomorrow Stephens 

Brig r . Woodford 

Field officers . . . Col? Summer. Major Miller 

Field officer for Picquet Major Ball 

B. Major Parker 

Head Quarters. 24* Oc\ 1777. 

Major General Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brig r . Varnum 

Field officers . . Col? Prentice. LT Col? Weltner 

Field officer for Picquet L : Col? Pope 

B. Major Alden 

ANY abuses having been com- 
mitted in Impressing horses for 
the Army ; the Commander in 
Chief positively orders that, hence- 
forward, no horses be impress'd by any Member 




[ 100] 



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of the Army without an order from the Quarter 
Master General or one of his Deputies or 
assistants ; or a special order from the Com- 
mander in Chief. The Brigade Quarter 

Masters are to make Returns Tomorrow after- 
noon at 5 o,Clock — of all the Rideing and 
Batt (sic) horses used in their Respective Bri- 
gades ; and the Persons and their Rank in 
whose service they are used. 

The General Court Martial whereof Gen- 
eral Sullivan is appointed President is to sit 
tomorrow morning at 9 o,Clock at the Presi- 
dents quarters for the Trial of Brigadier 
General Wayne upon the Charge against him 

— " That he had timely notice of the Enemy's 
intentions to attack the troops under his Com- 
mand on the night of the 20'? Ult: and not- 
withstanding that Intelligence neglected making 
a Disposition until It was too late ; either to 
annoy the Enemy, or make a Retreat with- 
out the utmost Danger and Confusion — Gen- 
eral Muhlenburg — Weedon — Conway — and 
Huntington — Colonels Stephens — Dayton — 
M?Clennachan — Stewart — Bradley — Davis 

— De Hart — & Thackston are appointed 
Members of this Court. 

Altho' the Enterprize under General 
MfDugal prov'd fruitless, by reason of the 
Enemy's having abandon'd the post intended 
to have been attack'd : yet the Commander in 
Chief returns his thanks due the officers and 
men detach'd for that Service who two nights 
successively, cross'd and recross'd the Schuyl- 

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kill — and to those also under Generals Sulli- 
van & Greene, who were design'd to facilitate 
General M c Dugals operations ; for the forti- 
tude and Chearfulness with which they went 
through the Night March and fatigue which 
occur' d in the Expedition. 

Gen 1 , after orders 

The Court Martial for the trial of General 
Wayne, Is call'd at his own request. 

Head Quarters 25* Oc r . 1777. 

Major General Tomorrow Stephens 

Brigl Woodford 

Field officers .... Col? Lawson. Major Kait 

Field officer for Pic que t Major Scull 

B. Major Williams 

THE intention of a certificate upon 
Pay-abstracts under the hands of the 
Brigadiers was, that the truth of 
them should be made apparent upon 
a Comparison with the Weekly returns : and 
unless the Brigadiers make such comparisons ; 
the signing of their Names is but an Empty 
form — The Commander in Chief therefore 
requires that henceforward, the Brigadiers ; or 
officers Commanding Brigades that are without 
Brigadiers, carefully compare the Pay-abstracts 
with the Weekly returns before they make a 
Certificate of them. 

The Commander in chief orders that a 
weekly Return be made of each Brigade to- 
morrow morning at 10 Oclock with out fail, 
the Returns to be made with all possible exact- 

[ *° 2 ] 



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ness and of those men returnd on command, 
their respective Command, & the number on 
each are to be pointed out. The Gen 1 , will 
look to the Brigadier or Officers Commanding 
Brigades for the punctual compliance with this 
order. — The Commander in Chief approves 
the following sentence of a Gen! Court Mar- 
tial held the 14 th & 15* Ins! where of Col? 
Broadhead was President. & orders them to be 
put in execution immediately. — 
L! Nathan Ferris of Col? Swifts Reg! charg'd 
with being drunk & Incapable of doing his 
duty, when the army engagd the Enemy on 
the 4 1 ! 1 Ins! was found guilty & sentenced to 
be Cashierd — L! Joseph Fish of Col? Durkies 
Reg! charg'd with leaving the Reg! & Platoon 
he belong'd to while on the march towards the 
enemy on the Night of the 3 n . d In st and also of 
being disguised much with liquor," was ac- 
quited of the first charge and found guilty of 
being much disguised with liquor and sentenced 
therefore to be reprimanded by the Brig! Gen 
in the presence of the officers of the Brigade ; — 
The Gen 1 , again congratulates our troops on 
the success of our Arms, on Wednesday last 
a body of about 1200 Hessians under the com- 
mand of Count Denop made an attack on fort 
Merrun at red bank and after an action of 40 
Minutes were repulsed with great loss. — 
Count Denop himself is wounded and taken 
Prisoner together with his Brigade Maj! and 
about 100 other Officers and soldiers and 
about 100 were left dead on the field and as 



[ io 3 ] 



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they carried off many of their wounded, their 
hole loss is provably 400 — Our loss was 
trifling the kill'd and wound'd amounting only 
to about 32 — The next Morning a number 
of the enemy's ships came up and attacked Fort 
Mifflin and the Gallies — and after a severe 
Cannonade of several hours the ships thought 
proper to retire but in returning a 64 Gun ship 
and a frigate run aground and were burnt'd. — 



Head Quarters upper Doublin Towns* 

Oct: 26? 1777' 

Majl Gen 1 . Tomorrow Greene 

Brig r . Maxwell 

Field Officers . . Col? Browne. Maj k Sedgwick 

Brigade Maf. Mullens 

Field Officer for Pic que t Maj? Sneed 

THE Court of enquiry of which Gen! 
Greene was president relative to the 
Complaints against Genf Maxwell re- 
port their opinion as follows Viz* The 
Court of enquiry having fully enquired into 
the Complaints exhibited by Li Col? Heath 
against Brig!; Gen 1 . Maxwell whilst command- 
ing the light corps are clearly of opinion that 
they are without Foundation saving that it 
appears he was once during said time disguised 
in liquor in such a manner as to disqualify 
him in some measure but not fully from doing 
his duty; and that once or twice besides his 
spirits were a little elivated by Spirituous 
Liquors, the Court submit to his excellency 

[ 104] 



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better judgement wheather Genl Maxwell from 
these Instances of Deviation ought to be sub- 
jected to a trial by Court Martial — 
The Commander in chief directs that the Gen 1 . 
Court Martial of which Gen! Sullivan is Presi- 
dent as soon as the trial before them is finishd, 
proceed to the trial of Brigadier Genl Maxwell 
upon the complaints refered to in the foregoing 
report — 

The Commander in chief approves the follow- 
ing sentences of a Genl Court Martial of which 
Col? Broadhead was president held the 17 th 18 
& 19^ Ins! & orders that they be put in execu- 
tion forthwith Viz 1 — 

Lieu! Col? John Markham of the 8 1 ! 1 Virginia 
Reg! chargd with having left the Reg! in time 
of action on the 4 l . h Ins! and also on the Re- 
treat of the same day, and also chargd with 
delay when ordered to support the Advanced 
Guard was by the Unanimous opinion of the 
Court found guilty of the Charge exhibited 
against him & Sentenced to be cashird. Cap' 
McCormick of the 13* Virginia Reg! Charged 
with laying down in time of action and behav- 
ing in a cowardly unofficer like manner was 
acquited with honor — 

Lieu! Crane of the 5^ Virginia Reg! charged 
with disobedience of orders also with breaking 
his arrest acquitted by the Unanimous opinion 
of the Court. — 

L! Thomas Moore of Cap! Harrisons Com- 
pany in the 13^ Virginia Reg! Charged with 
encouraging the men to breed a mutiny and 

[>°S] 



otherwise behaving unbecoming the character 
of a gentleman or officer Was acquited. 
Thomas Roch a matross in Cap! Serjeants 
Company of artillery in Col? Cranes Reg! of 
artillery charged with desertion and attemting 
to go to the enemy — The Court are unani- 
mously of opinion the Prisoner is Guilty of 
the charge against him and do unanimously 
sentence him to suffer death, this sentence is 
to be executed tomorrow at 12 Oclock near 
the Artillery Park 60 Men with Officers from 
each Brigade are to attend the execution — 

After Orders 

The execution of Thomas Roch is Respited 
for three days, 

Tim : Pickering Adj 

GENERAL after Orders October 26* 1777 — 

The Court of enquiry of which Gen! Greene 
is President is to sit tomorrow morning at 9 
Oclock at the Presidents Quarters to enquire 
into the conduct of Maj! Gen! Stephens on the 
March from the Clove to Skuylkill falls — In 
the action of the 11 th Sep! last on the Brandy- 
wine and more especially in the action of the 
4*21 ns* at and about German Town on which 
occasion he is charged with acting unlike an 
officer Also into the charge against him for 
drunkinness or drinking so much as to act fre- 
quently in a manner unworthy the Character 
of an Officer — 

Tim : Pickering Ad 1 . 



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Head Quarters 27* Octo r . 1 777 — 

Maj: Gen[ for Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brig\ Gen 1 . Scott 

Field Officers LT Col. Bluford. L? Col° Patton 
Brigade Maf Hitchcock 

Field officer for Pic que tt . the maf. of Germ", Batt™ 

SUCH Regimental pay masters as have 
not already received the pay for their 
Reg? for the month of august last are 
immediately to apply to the paymaster 
Gen! for the Same they are also to bring in 
their Abstracts for the month of September 
and are to take particular notice that all Officers 
or men who have or are Missing are to be 
made up in the Company Pay Rolls, to the 
time they were made prisoners or missing and 
no longer — The Paymasters who have already 
delivrd their Pay-rolls are to call on the Pay- 
master Gen 1 for the same and regulate them 
agreeable to this order — they are also at the 
same time to lodge with him lists of the Pris- 
oners successing their Ranks — 

Head Quarters October 28'!' 1777 — 

Maf. Gen 1 . Tomorrow Stephens 

Brig r . Wayne 

Field Officers . Col? Ogden. LT Col? Lytell 

Brigade Maf. Mcgown 

Field Officer for Pic que tt Maj 1 ? Ross 

THE Honourable Congress have been 
pleas'd to promote Brigadier Gen! 
Roberts Howe and Alexander Mc- 
Dougall to the Rank of Majf General 
in the service of the united States — 



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The Ranks of the Comptains & Subalterns in 
Col° Mailons Reg' are to be established as 
settled the iq'. 11 Ins! by Col? Ogden & Spencer 
and L! Col° Brearly. Cap! McGown is ap- 
pointed to do the duty of Brigade Maj! in the 
Brigade late De Haas and is to be respected as 
such — 

Head Quarters October 2g'. h 1777 

Majl General Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brig\ Smallwood 

Field Officers . . . . LT Col? Rhea. Maj? West 

Brigade Majl Johnston 

Field Officer for Picquett maj? Smith of the 5* Maryland 
Reg*. 

THE seamen returnd in Gen! Muhlen- 
burg, Weedons, Woodfords, Scotts 
1 Maryland and Mcdougals brigades 
are to have by them three days Pro- 
vision ready cooked and hold themselves in 
readiness to march at the Shortest notice — ■ 

After Orders 

The Ammunition of each Brigade is to be in- 
spected with (sic) delay and reports of the state 
of it immediately to be made 



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Head Quarters Oct r . jo'. h Ijyj — 

Maf Gen 1 . Tomorrow Greene 

Brigadier Huntington 

Field Officers . . LT Col? Syme. Ly Col? Grier 
Brigade Maf. Day 

Field Officer for Pique tt .... Maj? Harmer 

THE Brigadiers and Officers Com- 
manding Brigades are without loss 
of time to cause the arms and am- 
munition of their men to be put in 
the best order If proper care be taken Cart- 
ridges that are somewhat damp may be dried 
and fitted for use The seamen in the six 
Brigades named in yesterdays are to parade 
this forenoon at ten oclock in front of Gen! 
Varnums Brigade with every thing belonging 
to them, & Provisions Ready to march — 
The Execution of Tho. Roch is Respited till 
Tomorrow — 

Such arms as are loaded and cannot be drawn 
are to be discharged under direction of the 
Officers, this afternoon at 4 Oclock but no 
pains are to be spared to draw all such as will 
possably admit of it. — 

Divers horses and cattle having been brought 
off by the detachments under Gen! Mcdugall 
which lately crossd the Skuylkill the persons 
who had or have them in possession are to 
report them immediately to the Q. Master 
Gen! 

Returns of the sick to go to the Gen! Hospitals 
are to be made tomorrow Morning to the Sur- 
geon Gen! at Col? Biddies Quarters, a sufficient 

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number of camp Kettles are to be sent with 
the sick Those persons whose cases are very 
bad are to be sent immediately to the Quaquers 
meeting house at the 20 Miles Stone on the 
North Whales road where the Surgeons of 
hospitals will receive them, the arms of the 
sick are to be left under care of the Reg' Qua- 
ters Masters who are to deliver them to the 
Commissary of Military Stores — 
A Few orderly men are to go with the sick to 
the Quaker meeting house proportioned to 
the number of the sick Whenever a Reg! 
marches the Surgeon belonging to it is to 
march with it to take care of the wounded 
and such as fall sick. — 

The Commander in chief approves the sen- 
tence of a Genl Court Martial held the 13*^ 
Ins! of which Col? Broadhead was President 
Viz! Col° Alexander Martin of the 2 n . d N. 
Carolina Battallion arrested for Cowardise was 
acquited of the charge he is therefore dis- 
charged from his arrest. 

Head Quarters Octo r . Jl. 1777 — 

Maj r . Gen\ for Tomorrow Stephens 

Brig r . Conway 

Field Officers . . Col? Martin Maj? Bloomfield 

Brigade Maj r Pears 

F d Officer for Picquett Maj? Smith 

RICHARD PLATT and Ranald 
Stephen MCdougall Esq. are ap- 
pointed A D S D Camp to Maj! 
Gen! MCdougall and are to be re- 
spected as such — 

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The Deputy Q. Master Gen 1 ? are to make a re- 
turn to the Q Master Gen 1 . 8 Office of all the 
equipage stores Waggons &C in their Respec- 
tive divisions — The returns to be made To- 
morrow morning 9 Oclock — 
The Commander in chief approves the follow- 
ing sentences of a Gen! Court Martial of the 
brigade of horse held the 24 th Ins! of which 
Col? Bland was President Viz! Coif Mayland 
charged with disobedience of the orders of 
Gen 1 . Pulaski — A cowardly and ungentleman- 
like action in striking ml Fulinski a Gentle- 
man and an Officer in the polish service when 
disarmd and putting him under guard — and 
giving irritating Language to Gen! Pulaskie — 

— The Court were of opinion that Coif May- 
Ion was not guilty and therefore Acquit of the 
Charge exhibited against him — 

Coif Maylon is discharged from his arrest — 
Archer Henley a Private of Coif Blands Reg! 
charged with Plundering W? Laurence was 
found guilty, and sentenced to run the gantlet 
through a detachment of 50 of the Brigade of 
horse — 

Judah Gudley a private in Cap! Tallmages 
Troop of Col? Sheldens Reg! charged with ex- 
torting money from John Thomson — also 
for refusing to give himself up & attempting 
to escape from Cap" Rich? and Francis Taylor 

— and attempting to draw his sword to keep 
them off — was found guilty and sentenced 
to run the gauntlet through a detachment of 
200 men of the Brigade of horse William 



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Patterson a private in Col? Sheldons Reg! 
Charged with plundering W? Lawrence was 
found guilty and sentenced to run the gaunt- 
let through a detachment of 50 men of the 
Brigade of horse — 

Some doubts having arisen with regard to 
the order of promotions the Commander in 
chief thinks it expedient again to declare that 
promotions shall be Regimental as high as the 
rank of Cap inclusively. — all from that rank 
in the line of the State. But nevertheless to 
such exceptions as must or unworthiness shall 
under Just and proper agreeable to the Gen! 
orders formerly isshued at middlebrook on this 
head — * 



Head Quarters N°Y 1'} 1777 

Maj: General Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brig r . Wayne 

Field Officers . . Col? Lamb. L* Col? Hubly 

Brigade Maj: M. Williams 

Field Officer for Piquitt .... Maj? Buckhart 

^~ P^HE Commissarys are directed to 

take all the liquors in the hands of 

I the Sutlers at a reasonable price if 

_Ja_ they can agree and if they cannot the 

Sutlers are to carry them away, and no Sutler 

shall be allowed to continue in the army after 

the 5 Ins! A General Court Martial of which 

General Sullivan was president was held the 

25 l . h 16* 27 th & 30 th of Octo! last for the trial 

of General Wayne on the following charge 

* A confused sentence in the original. 

■1 

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Viz! That he had timely notice of the Enemys 
Intention to attack the Troops under his com- 
mand on the night of the 20 th Sep 1 last and 
notwithstanding that Intelligence neglected 
making a disposition untill it was too late, 
either to annoy the enemy or make a retreat 
without the utmost danger and confusion 
— upon which the court pronounce their sen- 
tence as follows — The court having fully 
considered the Charge against B G Wayne 
and the evidence produced to them are unani- 
mously of opinion that General Wayne is not 
guilty of the charge exhibited against him ; 
but that he on the night of the 20^ ult that 
is of Sep! last did every thing that could be 
expected from an active brave and Vigilent 
Officer under the orders he then had. The 
court do acquit him with the highest honour. 
The Commander in chief approves the Sen- 
tence — 

The Court Martial of which Col? Bland was 
president is disolv'd — 

Thenceforward whenever any noncommis- 
sioned Officers or Soldiers shall be confin'd 
for crimes not triable by a Regimental Court 
Martial the Brigadiers or officers commanding 
Brigades are without delay to order court 
Martials to try them and the sentences of 
such court martials they are to approve or 
disapprove as to them shall appear just and 
cause them to be executed ; except only when 
the prisoners are sentenced to suffer death — 
As an encouragement to all persons to take 



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up and bring to Head Quarters any diserters 
from the Continental Army the Commander 
in chief hereby promises a reward of ten dol- 
lars for each diserter so taken and brought in, 
besides one shilling a mile for every mile 
they travel to be computed from the place 
where he is taken, to camp ; this bounty and 
privalege to be paid to all noncommissioned 
Officers and soldiers, who bring in diserters, 
as well as the Inhabitants of the States — 
Many reasons have concurd to induce, the com- 
mander in chief, to extend mercy to Thomas 
Roach Roach (sic) now under sentence of death 
for disertion and to grant him his pardon which 
is hereby declared. He is to return to his 
Corps immediately. The Commander in chief 
expecting that by his future good behaviour 
he will attone for his past crimes, and shew 
himself worthy of this act of clemency — 
A detachment of 400 men with a proportion 
of Officers are to parade tomorrow morning at 
sun rise at the grand parade 30 light dragoons 
are to parade at the same time and place — 
Col? Parker L! Col? Nicholas & Majf Mentzes 
are the Field Officers to command this party 

After Orders N° v . 1 : 1777. 
The army is to march tomorrow morning at 
10 OClock with all the baggage ; the Right 
Whing down the Skippack Road, in this order 
from the left — 

GenV Wayne Division 
GenV Sullivan 
Lord Stirling 



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Park of artillery and waggons of that 
Whing in the order of the Divisions — 

The left down the Road in which Gen! 
Greene is incamped in this order 

Gen^- MCdougall 
GenV Greene 
Gen^ Stephens — 

Waggons in the order of the Division's 
The left Whing to march by the Right — 
The N. Carolina Brigade to march with Gen! 
MCdougalls Division and be considered as a 
part of it, during the absence of Gen! Varnums 
Brigade. The horse are to be divided half 
marching at the head of each Column — 
The leading Divisions will beat a march when 
they move to be followed by the other divi- 
sions in their order — 

Gen! Irvins Brigade to Follow the Right 
Whing and Gen! Smallwoods division the left 
Whing — 

Head Quarters November 2 d . 1777 

Major General Tomorrow Greene 

Brigadier Irvine 

Field Officers . Col : Broadhead. Lt Col. Innes 

Field Officer for Picket Major Polk 

Brigade Major Mullens 

ACH Division is to open a road in- 
to the best and nearest Main Road 
leading into the Country, by which 
.^the Waggons and Troops may move 
with the greatest Ease and Dispatch. The 
Commander in Chief relies upon the officers 

["5] 




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commanding Divisions, to see this neces- 
sary Work performed — The Waggons are to 
be drawn up regularly in the best order for 
moving and every Night the Horses are to be 
tied to the Waggons, and geered every morn- 
ing by Day light — The Division and Brigade 
Q T . Masters are to be provided Straw for the 
troops taking none that is not threshed but 
the Men will collect what Leaves they can for 
the same End — 

The General Court Martial of which Gen 1 . 
Sullivan is President is to set Tomorrow at 
the Presidents Quarters for the trial of Major 
Gen! Stephen upon the Charges exhibited 
against him. The Delay that may arise from 
the Appointment of New Members, and the 
Impracticability of changing the Gen! officers 
without introducing those who already have 
been on the Court of Inquiry relative to the 
same Charges renders it necessary that the 
Trial should be before the same Court — 



Head Quarters November 3 d . iff 7 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow M c . Dougall 

Brigadier Scott 

Field Officers . . . Col Marshall. Lt Col? Butler 
Field Officer for Picket . Brigade Major M? Gowen 

THE Officers and Men are by no 
Means to be absent from Camp. 
Provisions for to day and Tomorrow 
are to be drawn and cooked imme- 
diately and every Thing held in readiness for 



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marching at the shortest Notice. The Briga- 
diers and Officers commanding Brigades are 
without loss of Time to provide themselves 
each with a Guide well acquainted with the 
neighbouring Country. The Waggons are to 
be in the rear of their respective Divisions, 
and kept ready to move as directed in Yester- 
day's Orders — The Qr Masters are to cause 
Necessaries to be made for the Convenience 
of each Brigade. The Col? of each Regiment 
of Horse is to make a return of the Number 
and Condition of his Horses and furniture, 
and of the Arms and Accoutriments of his 
Men, the returns to be made, and delivered 
in Tomorrow forenoon without fail — 



Head Quarters November 4th 177? — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigad'. Woodford 

Field Officers . . Col? Hog an. Major Taylor 
Brigade Major Minnis 

A GEN* - Court Martial of which Gen! 
Sullivan was President was held the 
30 th October last and the two fol- 
lowing days for the Trial of Bri- 
gade Gen! Maxwell in the following Charge 
That he was once during the Time he com- 
manded the light Troops disguised with 
Liquor in such a Manner, as to disqualify 
him in some Measure but not fully from 
doing his Duty and that once or twice be- 
sides his Spirits were a little elevated with 



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Liquor, upon which the Court pronounced 
Sentence as follows The Court having con- 
sidered the Charges and Evidence are of 
opinion that Brigad r Gen 1 Maxwell while he 
commanded the light Troops, was not at any 
Time disguised with Liquor so as to dis- 
qualify him in any Measure from doing his 
Duty. They do there fore acquit him of the 
Charge against him — 



Head Quarters November 5th 1777 — 

Major Gen I Tomorrow Greene 

Brigade Maxwell 

Field Officers .... Col. Swift. Major Reed 

of Hazen's Regiment 
Brigade Major Hitchcock 

AGREEABLE to former orders all 
Reports of the Guards and scout- 
ing parties are to be made by the 
Officers commanding them to the 
Major Gen! of the Day who is to report to 
the Commander in Chief. Every Regiment 
is to go on making Cartridges every day when 
the Weather will permit. The Comm? of 
military Stores is to make a return of the 
Cartridges returned to him and of the Regi- 
ments by which they were made up — - 



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Head Quarters November 6 1777' 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow M c Dougal 

Brigad. Smallwood 

Field Officers . . Col? Gunby. Lt Col? Brent 
Brigade Major Alden 

f "^HE independent Company com- 
manded by Captain Joshua Williams 
is to be annexed, and to do duty 
-JL with the fourth Pennsylvania Regi- 
ment till further orders — 
All prisoners not being Continental Soldiers 
and suspected Persons are to be carried to the 
Major Gen 1 , of the day to be examined and 
dealt with as he shall see fit — 
The Colonels or Officers commanding Regi- 
ments are to appoint one Officer from each 
Regiment to go with four Men to Bethlehem 
to get such of their Cloathing as are absolutely 
necessary and bring the same in Waggons to 
Camp. The W Master Gen 1 will make the 
necessary provision of Waggons for that pur- 
pose — Gen! Scott Brigadier of the day in the 
room of Gen! Smallwood on other Duty 

Head Quarters November 7 1777 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigad Wayne 

Field Officers . Col. David Hall. Lt Col. Farmer 
Brigade Major Parker 

THE independent Company com- 
manded by Capt Weaver is to be 
annexed to, and do duty with the 
10th Pennsylvania Regimt . . till 
further orders. A Dispute having arisen 

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relative to certain Men enlisted by M' Nel- 
son, now doing Duty in the Seventh Pennsyl- 
vania Regiment, a Court of Enquiry is to 
examine into the Matter and report their 
Opinion whether those Men should remain 
as they are, or be transferred to the Ninth 
Pennsylvania Regiment for which Regiment 
it is said they were enlisted. A field Officer 
and Captain from Maxwell's Brigade and one 
field Officer from Col° Humptons Brigade are 
to compose this Court which is to set To- 
morrow Morning at 9 "Clock at Lieut Coif 
Briarley's Quarters who is to be one of the 
Members. It is expected by the Commander 
in Chief that all Intelligence from the Enemy's 
Lines which may come to the knowledge of 
any officer and bears the Marks of Authen- 
ticity will be immediately communicated to 
him or the Major General of the day who will 
if the Cause requires it give immediate in- 
formation thereof. Officers commanding at 
out posts are to receive and detain all passes 
which are given merely for the purpose of 
passing them lest they should be put to an 
improper Use. Since the Gen 1 , left German 
Town in the Middle of September last he has 
been without his baggage and on that account 
is unable to receive Company in the Manner 
he could wish, he nevertheless desires the 
General field Officers, and Brigade Major of 
the day to dine with him in future at 3 Clock. 
A detachment of 370 Men properly officer'd 
is to parade Tomorrow Morning at Sun rise 

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on the grand parade. Col? Russel, Lt Col? 
Mead, and Major Sill are to command the 
Detachment — 




Head Quarters November 8 1777 — 
Major 10th Penn". Regiment 

f^ ™^HE Service requiring that the Men 
be ready to march on the shortest 
Notice the Officers commanding Bri- 
■J^- gades and Corps are to be particularly 
careful to keep their Men supplied constantly 
with two Days Provision on hand — To make 
the more despatch in the Trial of Officers 
under Arrest Brigade Gen! Court Martials are 
to be held without delay, for the Trial of all 
such Officers as shall apply to the Brigadiers 
or officers commanding Brigades for Trial 
before those Courts. The Commander in 
Chief approves of the Sentence of the Gen! 
Court Martial relative to Brigadier Gen! Max- 
well — published in Gen! orders of the 4th 
Instant, but through Mistake that Approba- 
tion was not inserted — 





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Head Quarters November g 1777 — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigad. Maxwell 

Field Officers . Lt Col. Powell. Major Harman 
Brigade Major Day 

ICHOLAS VAN CORTLAND 
ESQ? is appointed an Aid D Camp 
to . . . Major Gen! Sullivan is to be 
respected as such . . . Capt Peter 
Bryan Bruin is appointed a Vulunteer Aid 
D Camp to Major Gen 1 . Sullivan, and is to be 
respected as such. One piece of cannon at 
Gen! Irvine's Brigade is to be discharged this 
afternoon at 4 oClock it being found imprac- 
ticable to draw the Charge. All the empty 
Waggons or which can be emptied without 
great Inconvenience are to be got ready in the 
several Brigades and assemble this Day at 
such place and Hour as the Forage Master 
Gen! shall direct and be disposed of by him. 
The Brigadiers and Officers commanding Bri- 
gades are with as much Dispatch as possible 
to have their Brigades paraded, and from their 
own observation take an Account of the Ar- 
ticles of Cloathing indispensably necessary for 
the Men. Many of the Men mount Guard 
daily who — make a very unsoldierlike Ap- 
pearance. The Adjutants and Brigade Majors 
will be respectably {sic) answerable that hence- 
forward they bring no Man to the Parade whose 
Appearance is not as decent as his Circum- 
stances will permit having his Beard shaved, 
Hair comb'd face washed, and Cloathes put on 



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in the best Manner in his Power. Capt Craig 
of Col Moylands Regiment with his Party 
of Horse has taken Seven British Dragoons — 
and Seven Soldiers with their horses, Arms 
and Accoutriments the Gen 1 , desires Capt 
Craig, Capt Lee, and the other officers who 
have distinguished themselves will accept his 
cordial Thanks for the Enterprize Spirit and 
Bravery they have exhibited in harassing and 
making Captives of the Enemy. All the 
Gen! Officers in Camp are to assemble at 10 
?Clock Tomorrow Morning at Gen! Greene's 
to settle the Rations. The Gen! Officers will 
attend this in preference to any other Duty, 
and make Report as soon as they have finished 
it. A Detachment of 370 Men are to parade 
on the Grand Parade at 3 oClock Tomorrow 
Morning with their Arms & Acoutriments, 
and one Days Provision cooked. The Brigade 
Majors will have their Men turned out and 
see that every Thing be in order this After- 
noon and parade them Tomorrow Morning 
with the greatest Punctuality. Col? Spencer, 
Lt Col? Starr and Major Bruster are ap- 
pointed to command this Detachment, 24 
light Dragoons are to parade at the same 
Time and Place — 



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Head Quarters November 10 1777 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Greene 

Brigadier Smallwood 

Field officers . . Col? Clarke. Major Allison 
Brigade Major Williams 

COL° BRADLEY is appointed Presi- 
dent of a Court of Inquiry relative 
to the Complaint of Joseph Chambers 
against Col? Josiah Parker. Lt Col? 
Farmer, and one Captain from Geni Weedons 
and two from Gen! Muhlenburgs Brigades are 
appointed Members of this Court which is 
to sit at Col? Bradley's Quarters Tomorrow 
Morning at 10 oClock — 

Head Quarters November u. 1777 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigad: Scott 

Field officers . . Lt Col? Buford. Major Byard 
Brigade Major M? Gowen 

THE Hon"' Continental Congress 
have passed the following Resolves 
which have been transmitted hither 
to be made publick in the Army Viz 

In Congress November 4. 1777 

Resolved that his Excellency Governor Cas- 
well of North Carolina be requested to erect 
a Monument of the Value of 500 Dollars at 
the Expence of the United States in honour 
of the Memory of Brigad. Gen! Francis Nash 
who fell in the Battle of German Town on 
the 4 Day October 1777 bravely contending 
for the Independence of his Country — 
Resolved that the Thanks of Congress in their 

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own Name, and in behalf of the Inhabitants 
of the United States be presented to Major 
Gen! Gates Commander in Chief of the North- 
ern Department to the Major Generals Lin- 
coln and Arnold and the rest of the Troops, 
and Officers under his Command for their 
brave and successful efforts in support of 
the Independence of their Country whereby 
an Army of the Enemy of Ten Thousand 
Men has been entirely defeated, and one 
large Detachment of it strongly posted and 
entrenched having been conquered at Ben- 
nington another repulsed with loss and dis- 
grace from Fort Schuyler, and the Main 
Army of Six Thousand Men under Lieut. 
Gen! Burgoyne after being beaten in different 
Actions and driven from a formidable fort 
and strong Entrenchment reduced to the 
Necessity of surrendering themselves upon 
Terms honourable, and advantageous to these 
States on the 17th day of October last to 
Major Gen! Gates and that a Medal be struck 
under the direction of the Board of War in 
Commemoration of this great Event and in the 
Name of these united States presented by the 
President to the Major General Gates — 
Resolved that Congress have a high Sense of 
the Merit of Col. Green and the Officers and 
Men under his Command in the late gallant 
defence of the fort at Red Bank on Delaware 
River and that an elegant Sword be provided 
by the Board of War and presented to Col 
Green — 

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Resolved that Congress have a high Sense of 
the Merit of Lt Col? Smith and the Officers 
and Men under his Command in their late 
gallant defence of fort Mifflin in the River 
Delaware and that an elegant Sword be pro- 
vided by the Board of War and presented to 
Lieut Col? Smith — 

Resolved that Congress have a high Sense of 
the Merit of Commander Hazlewood the 
Commander of the naval force in the River 
Delaware in the Service of the Commonwealth 
of Pennsylvania, and of the Officers and Men 
under his Command in their late gallant de- 
fence of their Country against the British Fleet 
whereby two of their Men of War were de- 
stroyed and four others compelled to retire 
and that an elegant Sword be provided by the 
Marine Committee and presented to Commo- 
dore Hazlewood. A flag will go to the Enemy 
Tomorrow at 10 oClock in the forenoon. 



Head Quarters November 12 1777 — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Greene 

Brigadier Irvine 

Field Officers . Lt Col? Nagle. Major Sterret 

Brigade Major Minnis 

THE honourable Continental Con- 
gress have been pleased to pass the 
following Resolve concerning the 
opinion of the Court of Inquiry 
published in Gen! orders of the 16th Ultimo 
relative to General Sullivan Viz 



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In Congress October 20 iff/ 
Resolved that the result of the Court of In- 
quiry into the Expedition of Staten Island so 
honourable to the Character of Gen! Sullivan 
is highly pleasing to Congress, and that the 
Opinion of the Court be published in Justifica- 
tion of the injured Character of that Officer. 
It appears that some Regiments are destitute 
of necessary Cloathing altho' they have been 
supplied with the full Suits allowed by Con- 
gress. This must have arisen at least in part 
from the Inattention of the Officers in not 
taking Lists of their Mens Necessaries ex- 
amining them weekly agreeable to Gen! orders, 
and calling Delinquents to a severe Account 
for what was missing. This under our Cir- 
cumstances is a Neglect of the worst kind 
and most fatal Tendency, and demands a 
speedy and effectual Remedy — And altho 
the Articles delivered the Men beyond the 
Stated allowance be charged to them yet in 
our Situation this does not lessen the evil 
complained of — The Commander in Chief 
therefore most seriously and positively re- 
quires the officers commanding Companies 
after taking exact Lists of their Men's Neces- 
saries to examine them critically once a Week 
agreeable to Gen! Orders formerly issued and 
if any Non Commissioned Officer or Soldier 
shall sell wilfully destroy or carelesly loose 
any of his Necessaries he is to be severely 
punished at the Discretion of the Court Mar- 
tial. This is a Matter of so very important 

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a Nature the Commander in Chief the Officers 
will pay the most exact attention to it and 
that the Gen 1 . Officer and others commanding 
Brigades will see this Order carefully and 
regularly complied with. It appears also that 
many Men who go into the hospital well clad 
are in a manner naked when they get well, 
and can not return to their Regiments till 
they are new cloathed. To prevent a Con- 
tinuance of this Evil, and that the guilty may 
be known and punished, no Men are hence- 
forward to be sent to the hospital without lists 
of the Company and Regiments they belong 
to and of every article of their Cloathing, 
these lists to be signed by the Captains or 
Officer commanding those Companies, and 
transmitted to the Surgeons of the Hospitals 
to which the sick are sent. — And if any Men 
are sent to the hospitals without such lists, 
the Officers sending them shall be punished 
for their neglect at the discretion of a Gen! 
Court Martial, and for this end the Surgeons 
of the hospitals are as soon as possible to 
send a Report of such Officers to the Adju- 
tant Gen!, and that the Arms and Accoutri- 
ments of the sick may not be lost or damaged 
they are agreeable to the Gen! Orders lately 
issued to be delivered to the regimental Qr 
Master and by them without delay to the 
Comm? of military Stores and never carried 
with the sick to the Hospital — There will be 
a discharge of Musquetry this Afternoon at 
4 oClock at the Burial of an Officer of Gen! 

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Maxwell's Brigade The flag which was to 
have gone in to day will set off Tomorrow 
Morning at 9 oClock, from the Quarters of 
the Commissary General of Prisoners — 

Head Quarters November ijtb 1777 

Major Gen\ Tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigad. Woodford — 

Field Officers . Lt Col? Linley. Lt Col? B early. 
Brigade Major Hitchcock 

Head Quarters November 14 iff J 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Greene 

Brigadier , Maxwell 

Field Officers . . Lt Col Barber. Major Miller 
Brigade Major Mullens 

THE Brigadiers and Officers command- 
ing Brigades who have not completed 
their Cloathing Returns according 
to the Gen! Orders of the 9th In- 
stant are to do it without the smallest delay, 
and all the Brigadiers and Officers command- 
ing Brigades, are to meet together Tomorrow 
Morning at 10 oClock at Gen! Huntington's 
Quarters to compare the Wants of their Bri- 
gades and agree on the Manner which the 
Cloathing shall be distributed. The Wants 
of Col Morgan's Rifle Corps, and others not 
included in the Brigade Returns are to be in 
like Manner considered. Mf Kemper the 
Deputy Cloathier Gen! is to attend the Meet- 
ing, and take the direction of the Board for 
the present and future Distributions. A con- 
siderable Quantity of Cloathing being on hand 

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it is of the highest Importance that this order 
be executed with the greatest punctuality. An 
Officer of the North Carolina Brigade is to be 
buried this Evening at 4 oClock with Mili- 
tary Honours. The Court of Enquiry held 
the nth Instant where of Col. Bradley was 
President relative to the Complaint of My 
Joseph Chambers late Commissary to Gen 1 
Greene's Division against Col. Josiah Parker 
for ordering a Sergeant and file of Men to 
whip said Chambers have made the following 
Report Viz 

As Col. Parker owns the fact the Court after 
hearing the Evidence produced by him in his 
Defence are unanimously of Opinion that 
however negligent the Comm? might have 
been in the Discharge of the Duty of his De- 
partment yet Col. Parker was by no means 
warranted to inflict private Punishment upon 
him that the Punishment was illegal and his 
Conduct highly reprehensible as being subser- 
sive of good order and Regularity — 



Head Quarters November 15 1777 — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Wayne 

Field Officers • Lt Col Gray. Major Slaughter 
Brigade Major Alden 

ENCEFORWARD and untill 
further Orders the Sick are to be 
sent to Buckingham Meeting house 
with a suitable Number of Orderly 
Men to attend them. The Troops are to be 

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immediately supplied with two Days Pro- 
vision (exclusive of this Day) one of which 
at least is to be cooked. No Officer or Sol- 
dier is to be absent from Camp but ready for 
duty at a Minutes Warning — 
No Scouting Party under any pretence what- 
ever unless sent for that purpose is to seize 
Horses Cattle or other Property belonging to 
the Inhabitants, under the plea of taking those 
Things within the Enemies Lines great and 
enormous Abuses are committed. An In- 
fringment therefore or Disobedience of this 
Order in either Officer or Soldier will be 
punished with the utmost rigour. Complaint 
has been made of the irregularity in point of 
Time with which the Horse mount Guard. 
The Commander in Chief expects they will 
parade with more punctuality in future. He 
also desires the Colonels of those Regiments 
that have more Horses than Men would fur- 
nish by Way of Loan the others that are in 
Want of Horses that as many Men as Possi- 
ble may be mounted, and the Publick not 
unnecessarily burthened. — 



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Head Quarters November 16 1777 — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Greene 

Brigad. Smallwood 

Field Officers . . . Col. Febigar. Major Scull 
Brigade Major Parker 

AS large Quantities of Materials for 
Cartridges have been issued and few 
Cartridges returned to the CommF 
of Military Stores Returns are to 
be made Tomorrow Afternoon by each Bri- 
gade of the Number of Cartridges in their 
possession. These Returns are to show the 
Number in each Regiment and how many are 
in hands of the Soldiers, and the Residue where 
deposited — 

Head Quarters November 17 1777 — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Scott 

Field Officers . . Lt Col Pope Major Sedgewick 
Brigade Major Scott's Brigade 

SOME officers remaining yet untried 
and many Prisoners in the Provost, 
Brigade Court Martials are to be held 
for trying them without delay. No 
pass is to be given to any one to go into Phil- 
adelphia but by the Major Gen 1 , of the Day 
who will not grant them without due Exami- 
nation, and upon the most reasonable and 
necessary Occasions. At the request of Col. 
Price a Court of Enquiry into his Conduct 
on sundry Occasions is to set Tomorrow 
Morning at 10 oClock at the Tavern next to 

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Col. Biddle's Quarters. All Persons who 
have any Complaints or objections to make 
against him, or know of any thing amiss in his 
past Conduct are desired to appear and declare 
the same before the said Court — 



Head Quarters November 18 1777 — 

Major Gen\ Tomorrow Greene 

Brigadier Irvine 

Field Officers . Lt Col. Patton N. Carolina 

Major Vaughan — 
Brigade Major Stoddard 

THE Government of the State of 
Pennsylvania having appointed Com- 
missioners in each County thereof 
to collect Blankets and Cloathing 
for the Army all Officers sent round in the 
State for that purpose are by their Command- 
ing Officers to be called in as soon as possible. 
A Detachment equal to the daily Guards are 
to parade Tomorrow Morning at half after 
3 oClock on the Grand Parade with one days 
Provision cooked The Brigade Majors will 
have their Men drawn out at Retreat Beat- 
ing to day and see that they are properly 
fixed — for the Duty— Col. Hall, Lt Col 
Burr, and Maj Adams will Command the 
Detachment. — The Remains of the late Capt 
Foster of the 15 Virginia Regiment will be 
interred this afternoon at 4 oClock with the 
honours of War. Richard Claiborne Esq' is 
appointed Brigade Major to Gen! Weedon's 
Brigade and is to be obeyed as such — 

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Head Quarters November ig 17*77 — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigad. Woodford 

Field Officers . Lt Col. Woolford Major West 
Brigade Major Williams — 

f H ^HE Pennsylvania field Officers are 
desired to bring in their old Com- 
missions and receive new ones. All 
the Gen 1 . Officers are desired to as- 
semble Tomorrow Morning at 10 oClock at 
Gen! Huntington's Quarters in order to settle 
the Rank of the field Officers of Horse who 
are to attend this Board of Gen! Officers and 
exhibit their respective Claims. All Arms 
unfit for Service which are deposited in the 
several Regiments and Corps are to be sent 
to the Comm y of Military Stores who will 
send them to be repaired — 



Head Quarters November 20 1777' 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brig 1 ; Maxwell 

Field Officers . . Lt Col Richeson Major Hogg 
Brigade Major M c Gowen 

T JOHN MARSHALL is by the 

Judge Advocate appointed Deputy 
Judge Advocate in the Army of the 
United States and is to be respected 
as such — James Monroe Esquire formerly 
appointed an additional Aid de Camp to Maj' 
Gen! Lord Stirling is now appointed Aid de 
Camp to his Lordship in the room of Major 
Wilcox resigned and is to be respected as 

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such — The Cloathier Gen 1 , received about 400 
Blankets the Several Brigades are to send for 
their Quota of them. Before the sick are 
moved Application is always to be made to 
Doctor Cochran or other Director of the 
hospitals for directions unless the Places where 
have been previously pointed out in Gen! Or- 
ders. No more Sick are to be sent to Buck- 
ingham Meeting House. A Serjeant and 12 
Orderly Men are to be sent to Buckingham 
Meeting House to take Care of the Sick. 
The Serjeant and these Men are to parade 
at Doctor Cochran's Quarters at M r Wests 
House at 4 oClock this Afternoon and apply 
to him for Orders. A. Gen! Court Martial 
of which Ma]' Gen! Sullivan was President 
held on the 3 d Instant and on divers Days to 
the 17th Ins! — inclusively for the Trial of 
Maj! Gen! Stephen charged with I s ! Unofficer- 
like Behaviour on the March from the Clove 
2? Unofficerlike Behaviour in the Actions of 
Brandywine and German Town 3 d Drunk- 
eness. The Court declare their opinion and 
sentence as follows : The Court having con- 
sidered the Charge against Maj' Gen! Stephen 
are of opinion that he is guilty of Unofficer 
like Behaviour in the retreat from German 
Town owing to Inattention or Want of Judg- 
ment and that he has been frequently intoxi- 
cated since in the Service to the Prejudice of 
good Order and Military Discipline contrary 
to the 5 t . h Article of the 18th Section of the 
Articles of War therefore Sentence him to be 



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dismissed the Service. The Court find him 
not guilty of any other Crimes he was charged 
with and therefore acquit him as to all others 
except the two before mentioned. The Com- 
mander in Chief approves the Sentence 

Head Quarters November 21 Iff? 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigadier Wayne 

Field Officers . Lt Col. Burr Major Adams 
Brigade Major Hitchcock 

THOSE Paymasters of Regiments 
who have drawn Pay for any officers 
or Men in Col Morgans Rifle Corps 
are immediately to pay the same 
over to the Paymaster of that Corps. A De- 
tachment of 80 Men with proper Officers are 
to parade this Day at 3 oClock in the After- 
noon on the Grand Parade. Complaint is 
made that by the Carelessness of the Butchers 
the hides are greatly damaged in taking them 
ofF. The issuing Commissaries are enjoined 
duly to inspect the Butchers they employ and 
see that they take ofF the Hides with proper 
Care. No Women coming out of Philadelphia 
are to be permitted to pass the first Guards 
without being (informed) they cannot return 
again if upon being informed of this they 
chuse to come out they are to be allowed to 
pass the Guards into the Country. The Gen- 
eral of Horse will give this Charge to all 
the Parties and Patrols of Horse — The 
Officers of the Day report that Sentries from 

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the Picket keep Fires by them, this dangerous 
practice is absolutely forbidden, and all Officers 
of Guards are without fail to visit their Sen- 
tries between every Relief to see that they are 
alert and keep no fires and in cold and bad 
weather they are to relieve the Sentries every 
Hour — They are also to see that the Sentries 
are well informed of their Duty and to in- 
struct such as are Deficient — 



Head Quarters November 22 d . 7777 — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Smallwood 

Field Officers . . Lt Col Fort Major Lockhart 
Brigade Major Barber 

THE Gen! Court Martial of the Line 
of which Col Grayson was President 
is to set Tomorrow Morning at 9 
oClock at the house where Gen! 
Huntington quartered for the Trial of all 
Prisoners which shall be brought before them. 
An Orderly Serjeant from each Brigade is to 
attend the Court. Lt Col. Heth, Lt Col. 
Becker and Major Mentges and a Captain 
from each Brigade are to compose the Mem- 
bers of the Court. All the Gen! Officers in 
Camp are desired to meet at Lord Stirlings 
Quarters Tomorrow Morning at 10 oClock 
to settle the Rank of the field Officers of 
Horse who are to attend and exhibit their 
respective Claims. The Brigades commanded 
by Generals Patterson and Learned are to 

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form one division under Major Gen! the Baron 
De Kalb. The horse taken Yesterday by the 
scouting Party commanded by Col? Bopst 
assisted by a Party of light Horse are all to 
be brought to the Quarter Master Generals 
Quarters Tomorrow Morning at Ten oClock 
and sold at publick Vendue the Produce of 
the Sail is immediately to be divided by the 
Quarter Master General between the Captors. 

After Orders 

The Commander in Chief offers a Reward of 
10 dollars to any Person who shall by 9 
oClock on Monday Morning produce the 
best Substitute for Shoes made out of raw 
hides. The Comm!' of Hides is to furnish 
the hides and the Maj' Gen! of the Day is to 
Judge of the Essays and assign the Reward to 
the best Artist. Col Martin of North Caro- 
lina having resigned his Commission the 
oldest Officer of that Corps now present will 
command it — The Troops arrived from the 
Northward are immediately to have their Car- 
touch Box filled with Cartridges. The whole 
Army to have their Ammunition in such 
Readiness so as to be completed to 40 Rounds 
at a Moments Warning where they have 
Waggons to keep that Quantity secure from 
the Weather and Officers and Men are to be 
in Camp that they may be ready to act on the 
shortest Notice 



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Head Quarters November 23 1777 

Brigadier Tomorrow Muhlenburg 

Brigade Major Minnis 

Field Officer . . . from GenV Weedon's Brigade 

N Orderly Serjeant from each Bri- 
gade to attend daily at head Quarters 
the Returns ordered Yesterday to 
be made as soon as possible the 
Arms to be put in the best order, and a Re- 
turn to be made of the Number of Tents now 
in possession — Major Gen! Greene has been 
pleased to approve the following Sentences of 
a Gen 1 Court Martial held the 22 d Instant 
whereof Col Olney was President. Thomas 
Graves, Michael Ruther and Jacob Anthony 
charged with Desertion was found guilty and 
Sentenced to receive 100 Lashes. The Com- 
manding officer of Regiments of which the 
Persons belong are to cause the above Sen- 
tences to be immediatelv executed — 



Head Quarters November 24 1777 — 

Brigadier Tomorrow Weedon 

Brigade Major Claiborne — 

Field Officer from Varnum's Brigade 

AJ BOWMAN is to take Com- 
mand of the Artillery and all Re- 
turns from the different Companies 
and from the Conductors of Mili- 
tary Stores to be made to him — A Reserve 
to the Guards consisting of 100 Men properly 
officer'd under the Command of the Major of 




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the Pickets are to be posted at the Quaker 
Meeting House who are to reinforce and sup- 
port any of the Guards that should at any 
Time be attacked — the Returns ordered the 
day before Yesterday to be made immediately 
— All Officers who have Continental or Im- 
pressed horses are to make Returns to the 
Q M General. The Detachment of Col 
Foremen's Regim* to be added to Gen! Var- 
num's Brigade. Mr Charles Lyne is appointed 
to act as principal Comm? for this Department 
untill one shall be appointed by Col Stewart, 
and the different Commys are to take Notice 
accordingly. A Serjeant from the Gen! Staff 
Department is daily to call at orderly Time 
at the D A. Generals office, that all Delays 
may be avoided as much as possible and 
every order immediately executed — 

After Orders 

All the Troops to hold themselves in Readi- 
ness to march by Seven oClock Tomorrow 
Morning 

Head Quarters November 25 1777—° 

The Order of Yesterday for marching at 7 
oClock is countermanded three Days Pro- 
vision is immediately to be drawn and cooked 
and the Troops to hold themselves in Readi- 
ness to March on the shortest Notice 



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After Orders 

All the spare Stores belonging to the Q. M. 
Gen 1 ' Department are to be delivered up to 
the D Q. M. Gen 1 . The D. Comm y Gen 1 of 
Issues is as soon as possible to enquire into 
the State of the Stores of his Department and 
take Care that a sufficient quantity of Provision 
is always in hand. The Conductor is to make 
his Return of the Military Stores in his Pos- 
session to Maj Bowman of the Artillery. 
Doctor Tenny of Col. Angel's Battalion in 
Gen! Varnum's Brigade is appointed to act 
as Surgeon Gen 1 , to this Army untill one shall 
be properly authorised by Doctor Cockran — 
Returns of the Sick are to be made to him 
and fit Places provided for their Reception. 
The Surgeons are to apply to Doctor Tenny 
for Sulphur for their Regiments. A Return 
of the Bakers in the Army to be made as soon 
as possible — 

The following is the Order of Battle Gen! Var- 
num's and Gen! Huntington's Brigades form 
the right Wing. Gen! Varnum's Brigade on 
the right of the Wing. Huntington's on the 
left. The right Wing to be Commanded 
by Gen! Varnum. . Gen! Muhlenburg and 
Gen! Weedon's Brigade form the left Wing 
Gen! Muhlenburg's Brigade the left of the 
left Wing and Gen! Weedon's the right of 
the left Wing. Gen! Muhlenburg commands 
the left Wing. Gen! Glovers Brigade forms the 
second line. Col! Haight's and Hathaway s 



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Militia forms upon the right flank. Col. 
Ellis's Militia and Morgan's Corps covers 
the left flank. — In posting the Officers of the 
Regiments the Officers are to be posted with 
their Men without regard to Rank, there 
being great Inconveniency resulting in Ac- 
tion by the Officers being removed from their 
own Men In marching to Action the Bri- 
gades are to march in regimental Columns. 
The Officers leading the Regimental Columns 
are to take special Care in advancing that they 
preserve their proper Distance from each other 
so as to be able to form the line if necessary. 
A Comp y to be detached as an advanced Guard 
to the heads of the Columns — The Reserves 
to the Wings to march in Columns in the 
rear of the Centre of each Brigade and to be 
in Readiness to Join for the Support of either 
Brigades, or to act Seperately for the Support 
of the Brigades, from which they were de- 
tached. The second Line to march in Regi- 
men! Columns in the rear of the Centre of the 
first Line about 400 Yards ready to support 
any part that should be hard pressed — The 
Artillery to be immediately under the Direc- 
tion of the Commanding Officers of the Bri- 
gades to march and take post where they 
direct The Militia and light Troops are to 
endeavour to gain the flanks of the Enemy, 
but more especially to prevent them from 
gaining ours — 



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Head Quarters November 26 1777 — 

The tents to be struck Waggons loaded, and 
the Brigade to be in Readiness to march at 
Ten oClock. The Waggon Masters to see 
that the Waggons be ready to take the Bag- 
gage belonging to the Troops — 

Head Quarters November 28 1777 — 

Such of the Troops as are not already pro- 
vided with cooked Provisions for Tomorrow 
are to draw and cook it this Night. At Day- 
Break a Cannon will be fired as a Signal for 
the whole Army to parade ready to march. 
When the whole are compleately formed they 
are to ground their Arms but be ready to 
take them up again at a Minutes Warning, if 
it should rain or snow the Men are not to 
parade — 

Head Quarters November zg 1777 — 

A Gill of Rum or Whiskey to be issued to 
Day to each officer, Soldier and Waggoner. 

Head Quarters November 30 1777 

Major Gen 1 . Greene 

Brigadier Smallwood 

Field Officers . Col. Courtland Major Smith. 
Brigade Major Learneds Brigade 

ON the 25 November the Honble 
Continental Congress passed the 
following Resolves. Viz Resolved 
that Gen! Washington be directed 
to publish in Gen! Orders, that Congress will 



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speedily take into Consideration the Merits 
of such Officers who have distinguished them- 
selves by their Intrepidity and attention to 
the health and Discipline of their Men, and 
adopt such Regulations as shall tend to intro- 
duce Order and good Discipline into the 
Army, and to render the Situation of the 
Officers and Soldiers with respect to their 
cloathing and other Necessaries more eligible 
than it has hitherto been — For as much as it 
is the indispensable duty of all Men to adore 
the Superintending Providence of Almighty 
God to acknowledge with Gratitude their Ob- 
ligations to him for Benefits received and to 
implore such further Blessings as they stand 
in need of and it having pleased him in his 
abundant Goodness and Mercy not only to 
continue to us the innumerable Bounties of 
his common Providence, but also to smile 
upon us in the Prosecution of a Just and 
necessary War for the Defence of our Inval- 
uable Rights and Liberties, It is therefore 
recommended by Congress that Thursday the 
1 8 December next be set apart for solemn 
thanksgiving and praise that at one Time and 
with one Voice, the good People may express 
the grateful Feelings of their Hearts and 
consecrate themselves to the Service of their 
divine Benefactor, and that together with their 
sincere Acknowledgments and Offerings they 
may Join a penitent Confession of their Sins, 
and Supplications for such further Blessings 
they stand in need of. The Chaplains will 

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properly notice this Recommendation that the 
Day of Thanksgiving may be duly observed 
in the Army agreeable to the Intentions of 
Congress — The regimental Pay Masters are 
to call upon the Pay M : Gen! Tomorrow and 
receive Pay for the Month of September. 
Those who have lodged their Abstracts for 
the Month of October may receive for that 
Month also — 



Head Quarters December i im — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Irvine 

Field officers . . Col. Wilson Lt. Col. Stoddard 
B Major M": Gowen 

M* ROBERT DUNCAN is ap- 
pointed Pay Master to the 4th 
North Carolina and is to be re- 
spected as such. A Gen! Court 
Martial is to sit Tomorrow Morning at 9 
oClock at the Tavern near Col. Biddies 
Quarters for the Trial of all prisoners brought 
before them. Col. Ogden is appointed presi- 
dent of this Court, Lt Col Simms Major 
Wallace — Major North and a Captain from 
the I s . 1 and 2 d Pennsylvania Maxwell's Con- 
ways Woodfords Scotts, Poors, Pattersons and 
Larnards Brigades are to be Members of this 
Court. The Officers are to make out their 
Muster rolls to December i- the term of 
Time which the Men enlisted for is to be 
inserted in every Muster Roll. The non 



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Effectives is not to be inserted a Second Time. 
Officers must pay strict Attention. to the Or- 
ders which have been Issued with respect to 
this part of their Duty — 

Head Quarters December 2 d 1777 — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow .... Baron De Kalb 

Brigad. Muhlenburg 

Field Officers . Col. Broadford Major Thomas. 
B. Major Hitchcock 

ETURNS are to be made early To- 
morrow Morning of all officers and 
Men in the several Brigades and 
Corps who have not had the Small 
pox — Every officer commanding Corps or 
Regiments is to make an immediate Return 
to the Pay M. Genl of every Pay Master that 
has belonged to or done Duty as such in any 
Regiment or Corps their Place of Abode 
and the Time when they left the Service — 

After Orders 

Whenever the Alarm is given by the firing of 
three Cannon the whole Baggage and Pro- 
vision of the Army Tents included is to be 
put into the Waggons and marched off the 
following Roads, the right Wing of both 
lines by the North Wales Road, and the 
Road by Edges Mill, and to proceed to the 
24 Mile Stone on those Roads ; unless further 
Orders are received, the left Wing of both 
Lines by the two Roads which lead into the 



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old York Road at the 13 and 15 Mile Stones 
and proceed on to the 24 Mile Stone, untill 
further Orders. Whether the Alarm Guns 
are fired or not the whole Army is to be 
under Arms at their respective posts at Day 
Light " Tomorrow Morning, and the Lines 
properly formed by the Major General in 
their respective Commands — 



Not more than one Man to be sent of with each 
Waggon, and those the most unfit for Duty 
among the Troops : Each Regiment is to be 
told off into Grand and Sub Divisions, and 
the officers posted as much as possible among 
their own Men, those Men whose Ammuni- 
tion is not compleated to 40 Rounds are to 
be furnished as early as possible in the Morn- 
ing after they are formed with that Quantity — 



DO. 



Head Quarters December 3 1777 — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigad Weedon 

Field officers . . Col. Livingston's Major Wills 
B. Major Minnis — 

GEN^ Court Martial whereof Col 

Grasol was President held the 26. 

27. 28. and 29 November last. 

Major Howard appeared before 
the Court charged 1" with wounding Capt 
Lieut Duffy with his Sword 2? Abetting a riot 
in Camp and 3 d in front of his Men at his 

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request assembled attempting the Life of Capt 
Duffey with a loaded firelock and fixed Bayo- 
net being utterly subversive of good Order 
and Discipline. The Court having considered 
the Charge and Evidence are of Opinion that 
Major Howard did not intentionally wound 
Capt Duffy, and therefore acquit him of the 
Charge. Upon the Second Charge they are of 
Opinion however Justifiable the Motives were 
by which Major Howard was first actuated 
his Conduct in that End was such as tended 
rather to promote than supress a riot they 
therefore Sentence him to be reprimanded in 
Gen! Orders with Respect to the 3? Charge 
the Court are of Opinion that it is not sup- 
ported by Evidence and do therefore acquit 
him. Capt Duffy appeared before the Court 
charged i 8 .' aiding and abetting a Riot. 
2? assaulting and abusing Major Howard in 
the Execution of his office the Court having 
considered the first Charge and Evidence are 
of Opinion that Capt Duffy behaved with 
Warmth that tended to produce a Riot and do 
Sentence him to be reprimanded in General 
Orders — Upon the 2? Charge they are of 
Opinion that Maj! Howard when Capt Duffy- 
struck him had deviated from the Line of his 
Duty and consequently was not in the Execu- 
tion of his Office they do therefore acquit him 
of the 2? Charge — the above Opinions are 
approved by the Comra! in Chief the Sentences 
of Reprimands appear to be pronounced with 
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unbecoming the Character of Officers whose 
Duty it is to set Examples of Moderation, 
Decency, and Order, and to suppress all Riots 
and Tumults. The Officer and Men of the 
Company raised by the late 
Capt Calderwood are to be annexed to Capt 
Nevenis's Company in Col? Malcom's Regi- 
ment — 

Head Quarters December 4 1777 — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Greene 

Brigad Woodford 

Field Officers .... Col. Tupper Major Reed 
Brig Major Stoddard 

THE Troops are constantly to have 
one Days Provision on hand ready 
cooked, the Officers are to pay a par- 
ticular Attention to this and con- 
sider it as a standing Rule that if they are 
suddenly called to Arms their Men may not 
be distressed — Major General Marquis De La 
Fyette is to take the Command of the Divi- 
sion lately commanded by General Stephen — 

Head Quarters December 5 7777. 

Major Gen\ Tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigad Maxwell 

Field Officers . Lt Col? Farmer Major Howard 
B Major Claiborne. 



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Head Quarters December 6 1777 

Major General Tomorrow De Kalb 

Brigad Huntington 

Field officers . Col Wigglesworth Lt Col Nagle 
B Major Nunn — 

[HE Comm? Gen 1 , says he has put 
Six Days Provision into the hands 
of the Division and Brigade Comm y ! 
if therefore the Troops want Provi- 
sion it must be the fault of the latter, and this 
Want will be attended with such pernicious 
Consequences that no Excuse will be admitted 
in behalf of any Commf who fails of daily sup- 
plying his Division or Brigade but a severe 
Example will be made of him — The troops 
are to ground their Arms at their Alarm Posts 
and as soon as possible draw and cook their 
Provision for to Day and Tomorrow, and 
immediately set about making the best Pro- 
vision they can of Wood and Hutts for to 
Night. The Officers commanding Brigades 
and Corps are again called upon to bring Back 
from the baggage sent off Yesterday every 
Man who has Cloathing and Shoes sufficient 
to enable him to do duty and to prevent 
the Stroling and loss of Men the Commandg 
officer of every Corps is to see that the Rolls 
are called every two (sic) and know where 
every Man is — The Q M G. has Axes to 
supply such Brigades as want them the Bri- 
gade Q Masters and all to whom any are 
Issued are to be accountable respectively to 
those of whom they receive them — 

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Those Regiments who have not Provision 
agreeable to G. O are to draw and cook it this 
Night. The Regiments are to form an Ab- 
bette in their fronts with Brush immediately 
when this is done they may return to their 
old Ground and on any Alarm to return to 
their Posts with all Expedition — 

December 8tb 1777 — 

A Return of the Effectives and non Effectives 
in each Regiment to be made this day also a 
Return of the Names and dates of the Com- 
missions of each field officer in the Brigade. 
A Brigade Court Martial is to set this Day 
for the trial of such Prisoners as shall be 
brought before them Major Alexander is ap- 
pointed President of this Court, i Captains 
from 13 Pennsylvania 1 from 2? Virginia and 
1 from 10th Virginia Regiments Members the 
Court to set at the Presidents Quarters. All 
Witnesses to attend, those Regiments who have 
Prisoners that may properly come before this 
Court are to send them at the Time appointed — 

Head Quarters December g 1777' 
Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow .... Lord Stirling. 

Brigad Poor 

Field Officers . Lt Col Ramsey Major Stubblefield 
B Major Barber — 

f H ^HE Tents are on the Skepack Road 
and so many are to be sent for and 
pitched as are necessary for Officers 
and Men that have not Hutts that 

will keep themselves and their Arms dry. 



B o. 



B o. 



[151] 



but the Gen 1 , earnestly recommends that no 
more Tents be pitched than are necessary to 
shelter the Troops. Neither Officers nor 
Men are to be absent from Camp on any pre- 
tence whatsoever A Capt and 1 Subalterns are 
wanting for the Corps of Invalids Commanded 
by Col Lewis Nichola — Officers disabled so 
as to be unfit for field Duty who are desirous 
of engaging in that Service upon being properly 
recommended will receive Commissions thereof 
— the Gen! Court Martial of which Col Ogden 
is President is to set at the usual place at 9 
oClock Tomorrow Morning. If any Members 
are Sick or absent the Brigade Majors are to 
warn other Officers of the same Rank in their 
Stead. An Orderly Serjet. from each Divi- 
sion is to attend the Court. An Orderly Serj! 
from each Brigade is to attend constantly at 
Head Quarters. Brigade Returns are to be 
made to the Adjutant Gen! Tomorrow Morn- 
ing at 9 oClock of all the Sick in Camp and 
in private houses — about the Country and 
the Number of Waggons necessary to trans- 
port them to the Hospitals, but the Surgeons 
are to return none for Waggons that are able 
to march when their packs are carried for 
them otherwise from the scarcity of Waggons 
some of the Sick will be left in Camp, each 
Brigadier or Officer commanding a Brigade 
is to see that the Surgeons duly comply with 
this order. When those Returns are made 
the Surgeons will apply to Doctor M c Knight 
at Col. Biddies Quarters for Waggons. One 



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careful Officer from each Brigade is to be sent 
with the Sick to see them properly taken Care 
of on the Way to the Hospitals. Three Days 
provision are to be sent with the Sick. Each 
Officer commanding a Brigade is to make a 
return Tomorrow at orderly Time of their 
killed wounded and missing since General 
Howe's late March from Philadelphia and of 
any during that Time lost of that Sence of 
Duty have infamously deserted their Names 
are to be added to the same Returns — 

The following Sentences of a Brigade Court 
Martial are approved by Brigade Gen! Wee- 
don, and are to be put in Execution forth- 
with Serjeant Talbot John Consolven and 
Micajah Sim's privates of 6th Virginia Regi- 
ment charged with Neglect of duty and loos- 
ing their Arms Ammunition and Accoutrements 
Serjt Talbot to be reprimanded in presence 
of the Regiment to which he belongs and 
Consolven and Sims to be reprimanded by 
their Captains. A Court of Inquiry to set 
Tomorrow Morning at 10 oClock to inquire 
into a Charge of M r Mead's against Capt 
Conaway Lt Maury and Ensign Merewether 
for abusing and insulting him in his Quarters. 
Col Stephens is appointed president of this 
Court 2 Capts from Pennf State Regiment 
one from 2? Virg a one from 6th Ditto one 
from ioth Ditto one from 14th ditto The 
Court is to set where the President shall ap- 
point. All Evidences to attend the Court — 



B O. 



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Head Quarters December 10 1777 — 

Major Gen\ Tomorrow . . . Marquis De La Fyette 

Brigad Wayne 

Field Officers . . . Major Murray Major Byard 
Brigade Major Stoddard 

Head Quarters December 12 1777 — 

Major Gen[ Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigad Muhlenburg 

Field Officers Col. Lamb Major Scull 

Brig Major Williams — 

CAREFUL Subaltern from each 
Brigade to repair this Day to the 
last Encampment of the Army to 
collect and take Care of the Sick 
and conduct them to Reading These officers 
are to apply to the Regimental Surgeons for 
Information where to find the Sick of their 
Regiments, every Motive of Duty and human- 
ity requires the most exact Attention to this 
order. Doctor Draper and Carnel at M r Wiatts 
will give Assistance to these Subalterns The 
Commf in Chief with pleasure expresses his 
Approbation of the Behaviour of the Penn? 
Militia Yesterday under Gen! Potter in the 
vigorous Opposition they made to a body of 
the Enemy on the other Side Schuylkill. 
Daniel Climer is appointed D Comm y of 
Prisoners to act in the Absence of the Comm y 
of Prisoners — 



A Detachment of one Sub: 1 Serjeant 15 
Privates to parade immediately and return 



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to the Camp at the White Marsh where it is 
supposed Several of the Men have returned 
to, he will take Care to bring up all Straglers 
as well of other Brigades as his own that may 
be on the Road or in Camp. The Rolls of 
the different Companies must be called over 
every three hours, and the Officers are desired 
to see none of their Company absent at any 
Time 



Head Quarters December ij Iff? 

Major Gen I Tomorrow Greene 

Brigad Weedon 

Field Officers . . . Col Febeger Major Miller 
B Major M' Clure — 

f M "^HE Officers are without delay to 
| i examine the Arms and Accoutre- 
ments of their Men and see that 
-JL. they are put in good order Provisions 
for Tomorrow and the next Day are to be 
drawn and cooked. A Gill of Whiskey is to 
be served to each Officer Soldier and Waggoner. 
The Weather being likely to be fair the Tents 
are not to be pitched but the Axes in the 
Waggons are to be sent for without delay 
that the Men may make fires and hutt them- 
selves for the ensuing Night. The Army is 
to be in Readiness to march at 4 oClock To- 
morrow Morning. An officer from each Regi- 
ment to be sent to the Encampment on the 
other Side Schuylkill to search that and the 
Houses and bring on all Straglers to their 
Corps — All the Waggons that are not yet 

C 155] 



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over are to be sent for and got over as Soon 
as possible. Ml Arch? Reed is appointed Pay 
Master to the 8 Pennsylvania Regiment and 
is to be respected as Such, the Guards to 
parade at the Gulph Mill at 3 oClock this 
Afternoon — The Weekly Returns to be given 
in at 8 oClock Tomorrow Morning, and a 
list of the Commissioned Officers of each 
Regiment — 

Head Quarters December 14 1777 — 

Major Gen\ Tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigad Woodford 

Field Officers . . . Col Biggelow Lt Col Reed 
B Major M' Clintock 

*^HE Regiments of horse are to draw 
provision of any Comm y lodging 
most convenient to them upon 
proper Returns therefor Such of the 
Baggage as are not absolutely necessary for 
the Troops and all the Comm? and other 
Stores are to remain on this Side the Gulph — 

Head Quarters December ij 1777 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow De La Fyette 

Brigad Maxwell 

Field Officers . . Col Swift Lt Col Weisenpels 
B Major Larnards B — 

AFIELD officer of each Brigade is to 
inspect immediately all the Men of 
his Brigade now with the Waggons 
and take to their Brigades every 
Man who is able to do Duty in the Line. 




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Maj' Snead is to take charge of the Men till 
further orders — after this remaining with the 
Baggage Guards and report any who are left 
with the Baggage contrary to this Order — 

Head Quarters December 16 1777 — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow De Kalb 

Brigade Varnum 

Field Officers . . Lt Col Brooks Major Gilliam 
Brigade Major M? Gowan 

IN aid of the Supplies of Cloathing im- 
ported by Congress they earnestly recom- 
mended to the Several States to exert 
their utmost Endeavour to procure all 
kinds of Cloathing for the Comfortable Sub- 
sistence of the Officers & Soldiers of their 
respective Battalions and to appoint one or 
more Persons to dispose of such Articles to the 
officers and Soldiers at such reasonable prices 
as shall be assessed by the Cloathier Gen! or 
his Deputy, and be in Just proportion to 
the Wages of the officers and Soldiers charg- 
ing the Surplus of the Cost to the United 
States. Congress have also resolved that all 
the Cloathing hereafter to be supplied to the 
officers and Soldiers of the Continental Army 
out of the publick Stores of the United States 
beyond the bounty already granted shall be 
charged at the like Prices the Surplus to be 
defrayed by the United States 



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Head Quarters December 17 iff? — 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Sullivan 

Brigad Huntington 

Field Officers . Col Chambers Lt Col Carlton 
Brig Major Day — 

THE Common Chief with the highest 
satisfaction expresses his thanks to 
the Officers and Soldiers for the forti- 
tude and patience with which they 
have sustained the fatigues of the Campaign. 
Altho' in some Instances we unfortunately- 
failed upon the whole Heaven hath smiled 
upon our Arms, and crowned them with sig- 
nal success and we may upon the best Ground 
conclude that by a Spirited continuance of the 
Measures necessary for our defence we shall 
finally obtain the end of our War for Inde- 
pendence Liberty and peace, these are Bless- 
ing worth contending for at every hazard but 
we hazard nothing the power of America 
alone duly executed would have nothing to 
dread from the force of Britain, but we stand 
not wholy upon our own Ground France 
yields us every Aid we ask, and there are 
Reasons to believe the Period is not very 
distant when she will take a more active part 
by declaring War against the British Crown 
every Motive therefore urges nay commands 
us to a firm and manly perseverance in our 
Opposition to our cruel Oppressors to slight 
Difficulties endure hardships, and contemn 
every Danger the Gen! wishes it was in his 
power to conduct the Troops into the best 



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Winter Quarters but where are those to be 
found should we retire into the interior parts 
of the Country we should find them crowded 
with virtuous Citizens who sacraficing their 
all have left Philadelphia and fled hither for 
Protection to this distress Humanity forbids 
to add this is not all we should leave a vast 
Extent of fertile Country to be dispoiled of 
and ravaged by the Enemy from which they 
would draw vast Supplies and where many of 
our firm friends would be exposed to all the 
miseries of the most insulting and wanton 
Depredations. A Train of Evils might be 
Innumerated but those will sufice these Con- 
siderations make it Indispensable necessary 
for the army to take such a position we must 
make ourselves the best shelter in our power 
with activity and diligence Hutts may be 
erected that will be warm and dry In these 
the Troops Compliate (sic) more secure against 
surprises than if in a divided State and at hand 
to protect the Country, these urgent Reasons 
have Determined the Gen! to take post in the 
neighbourhood of the Camp & Influenced by 
them he persuades himself that the Officers 
and Soldiers with one heart and one mind 
will Resolve to surmount every difficulty with 
the Fortitude and patience becoming their pro- 
fession and the Sacred Cause in which they 
are engaged — He himself will share in the 
Hardships and partake of every inconvenience, 
tomorrow being set apart by the Hon b ! e Con- 
gress for publick Thanksgiving and praise & 



[159] 



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Duty calling us Devoutly to Express our 
grateful acknowledgments to God for the 
manyfold blessings he has granted us. the 
Gen! begs that the army remain in its pres! 
Quarters and that the Chaplains perform Di- 
vine Service with their several Corps and 
Brigades and earnestly exhorts all Officers 
and Soldiers whosoever is not Indispensable 
necessary to attend with Reverence of the 
Day 

Head Quarters December ip? iff?. 

Major Gen 1 , for Tomorrow . Marquis La Fayette 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field Officers . . Colonel Green. Major Fish 
Brigade Major Parker 



Head Quarters December 20'! 1 !///• 

Parole Harver Hill, Countersign Concord Cambridge. 

Major Gen 1 , for tomorrow .... Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Weedon 

Field Officers . L? Col? Butler. L? Col? Davis 
Brigade Major Minnis 

THE Guards to parade near the Park. 
Gen! M? Intosh is appointed to the 
Command of the North Carolina 
Brigade. The Major Gen! accom- 
panied by the Ingenieurs are to view the 
Ground attentively and fix upon the proper 
spott for hutting so as to render the Camp 
as strong & inaccessible as possible, the En- 
genieurs after this are to mark the ground out 
and direct the Field Officers appointed to 



[.60] 



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Superintend the Building for each Brigade 
where they are to be placed, The Soldiers 
in cutting their fire wood are to Save such 
parts of each Tree as will do for building 
Reserving sixteen and 18 feet of the Trunk 
for Logs to Rear their Huts with in doing 
this each Reg* is to reap the benefit of its own 
Labour — All those who in consequence of 
the orders of the 18^ Instant have turned 
their thoughts to an easy and expeditious 
manner of Covering their Huts are requested 
to Communicate their plans to Maj' Gen! Sul- 
livan, Greene or Lord Sterling who will cause 
experiments to be made and assign the prof- 
fer' d reward to the best projector — The Q: 
M : G : is to delay no time but use his ut- 
most exertion to procure large Quantities of 
Straw Either for Covering the Huts if it 
should be found necessary or for beds for the 
soldiers, He is to assure the farmers that un- 
less they get their Grain thresh'd out Ime- 
diately the Straw will be taken with the Grain 
in it and paid for as Straw only — The Q : 
M : Gen! is to collect as soon as possible all 
the Tents not now used by the Troops as 
soon as they are Hutted all the residue of the 
Tents & have them wash'd and dried & laid 
up in store such as are good for the next 
Campaign the others for the use which shall 
be directed the whole and be carefully pre- 
served. The Col? and Officers Commanding 
Regiments are imediately to make return 
to the Q M Gen! of every Tent belonging to 



[»] 



[161] 



VALLEY FORGE 

their Reg 1 . 8 the Army being come to a fix'd 
Station The Brigadiers and Officers Com- 
manding Brigades are imediately to take 
effectual measures to collect and bring to Camp 
all the Officers and Soldiers scattered about 
the Country all the Officers are enjoined to 
see that their men do not wantonly or Need- 
lessly burn and destroy rails and never to fire 
their sheds or huts when they leave them. 

Head Quarters December 21 s ! 1777. 

The Gen 1 . Congratulates the Army on the ar- 
rival of French Ship at Portsmouth with 40 
Brass Cannon 4 pounders Carriage Compleat 
19 Nine Inch mortars 500 Nine inch Bombs 
2000 lb of Balls Intrenching Tools 4120 Stands 
of Arms a Quantity of powder 61061 lb 3 of 
Sulpher. 

Head Quarters Valley Forge December 22 d . 1777. 

Major General of the day Green 

Brigadier Vernum 

Field Officers . . Li Col? Henry. Major Ledger 
Brigade Major M c Clure 

AT a Gen! Court Martial whereof 
Colonel Grayson was presid! held 
the 30? of November last Capt° 
Dufay was tried on the Charge of 
breaking his arrest. The Court having duly 
weighed the Evidence and the circumstances 
of the Case are of opinion that Capt" Dufoy 
did breake his arrest by going 6 miles from 
Camp without leave from the Commanding 



ORDERLY 



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Officer of the Reg! and fall under the penalty 
of the 20 1 ! 1 of the 14*? Section of the articles of 
War, but as it is not in point of proff that he 
did this in order to avoid a Trial or screene 
himself from Justfce and it appearing in Evi- 
dence that he is an excellent Officer and has 
rose from a private Soldier to his present 
Rank by merit alone The Court do in the 
strongest terms unanimously recommend him 
to his Excellency's Clemency — The Com- 
mander in Chief aproves the following sen- 
tence of a Gen! Court Martial whereof Col? 
Grayson was President held the 2? instant 
Viz! Capt? Veal of the 2 n . d Carolina Battalion 
charged first with Cowardice at the Battle at 
German Town 2 n . d with not taking his post 
when ordered was found guilty of the I s . 1 Charge 
and his Crime Name place of abode and pun- 
ishment be published in the News paper in 
and about that particular State from which 
he Came ; and that it shall be deemed scanda- 
lous for any Officer to associate with him. 
the Court acquit the Cap' Veal of the 2? Charge. 
Capt! 1 Granvill of the 3? Carolina Reg! Charged 
with first neglecting his Duty and Command 
2 n . d with misdemeanous unbecoming an Officer 
was acquitted with both Charges the Q M G : 
will Issue paper and Canteens tomorrow morn- 
ing at 9 o'Clock at the Adjud! Gen! Quarters. 
The Good of the Service Requiring at this 
time the attention of Officers and Soldiers to 
Duty ; The Gen! orders that no Furloughs 
be granted above the Rank of Captain but 

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from himself, nor to those below that Rank 
but from the Major Gen 1 .* or Officers Com- 
manding Divisions they belong to. Non 
Com? Officers and Soldiers may be furloughed 
by their respective Brigadiers or Officers Com- 
manding Brigades, but the General doth in 
the most express and positive Terms Injoine 
the Major Gen 1 ? and Brigadiers to grant fur- 
loughs only in case of absolute necessity and 
even then to have proper Regard to State of 
the Reg! and Company before given — All 
Furloughs to Officers are to be register'd by 
the Adjud ts of Reg? and those to Non-Comiss? 
Officers and Soldiers by the Commanding 
Officers of the Company they belong to or 
they will not be deemed valid. The strictest 
punctuality in returning at the expiration of 
their Furloughs will be required of all those 
that attain them. Major Gen! Sulivan hav- 
ing obligingly undertaken the Direction of a 
Bridge to be built over the Schuylkill is to be 
excused from the common duties of the Camp. 
The old and new Field Officers of the day 
are to be punctual as to time in their attend- 
ance at the mounting of the Picquets that the 
Duty may go on Regularly and the men not 
be detained on the parade. It is expressly 
ordered that the Officers and Men who go on 
Picquet to take their provisions with them as 
none will be allowed to come off to get any. 
As the proper arming of the "Officers would 
add considerable to the army and the Officers 
themselves derive great confidence from being 

[i6 4 ] 



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armed in time of Action. The General orders 
every one to provide himself with a half pike 
or Spear as soon as possible Fire arms when 
made use of with drawing their attention too 
much from their men and to be without either 
has a very awkward and unofficer like appear- 
ance, that those half pikes may be of one 
length and uniformely made the Brigadiers 
are to meet at Gen 1 . Maxwells Quarters to- 
morrow morning at 10 oClock and direct their 
size and form. The Quart? mast' Gen! is to 
provide a number of Pails that every Hutt 
may have one. Every Soldier found discharg- 
ing his Musket without Leave and in an 
irregular manner is to receive 20 Lashes im- 
mediately upon the Spot. 

Head Quarters Valley Forge December 24*!* 1777 • 

Major Gen 1 , for tomorrow . . Marquis La Fayette 

Brigadier Poor 

Field Officers . . . Col? Bruer. Major Titcomb 
Brigade Major M?. Clintock 

EVERY Regiment is to draw pro- 
vision to compleat their rations for 
tomorrow and the whole army being 
suplied up to that time, the Issuing 
Commissaries are then to make returns to the 
Commissary Gen! of Issues of all the provision 
they have upon hand. 



[165] 



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Head Quarters Valley Forge December 2y. h 1777. 

Parole Springfield Countersign Windsor, Hartford. 

Major Gen 1 . De Kalb 

Brigadier Patterson 

Field Officers L? Col? Faxton. L* Col? Ballard 
Brigade Major Learned 

ACH Brigade is to detach an active 
careful Subaltern and 12 Men who 
with an Assistant Comissary are to 
go to such places as the Comissary 
Gen! or his Assistant at Camp shall direct for 
the purpose of collecting Flour, Grain, Cattle, 
or Pork for the army, Such men are to be 
collected as are able of Body & Know how 
to thrash. Major Miller is to take the Com- 
mand of this party and see them duly em- 
ployed for the purpose above mentioned, the 
men are to take their Arms Blankets and 
necessaries with them and to parade tomorrow 
morn? at 9 o'Clock at the black Bull. 3 
Baggage Waggons for each Brigade are to be 
unloaded and parade at the same time and 
place and to go with the Detachment, A Gill 
of Whiskey or Rum a man to be Issued to 
all the non Comiss? Officers and Soldiers. 
Very correct returns are to be made ime- 
diately of every Corps in the Army to be 
Transmitted to their respective States to enable 
them on the measures best adopted to corn- 
pleat their Corps to their Establishment. Of 
the Nine Virginia Regiments Reinlisted are 
to be particularly specefied and in the New 
England Reg 1 . 8 those Inlisted for a short period 

[■66] 



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are to be distinguished from the Rest. Com- 
plaint hath been made of divers Soldiers some 
on horse back have been a plundering the In- 
habitants this probably arises at least in part 
from the Rolls not being Regularly called and 
absentees Duly noticed the Gen! therefore Re- 
quires that this be constantly done in future 
and if any Soldier is Cought Riding on a 
Waggon or other Horse in or out of Camp 
is to be severly punished. Gen! Huntington 
is to send Immediately a Capt? Subaltern, & 
40 men of his Brigade as a Picket to Fat Land 
Ford and relieve tomorrow. 



Head Quarters Valley Forge Decl 26'. h 1777 

Major Gen 1 . Green 

Brigadier Scott 

Field Officers LT Col? Dawson. Major Burkhard 
Brigade Major Day 

GENERAL Court Martial is to sit 
at the House of Wilsey Bodies near 
the Provost at nine oClock this 
morning for the tryal of all prisoners 
that shall be brought before them. Col? 
Seamms is appointed President of this Court 
a Capt? from Muhlenburgs, second Pennsyl- 
vania, Glovers, Huntingtons & M? Intosh's 
Brigades and a Sub : from Weedon's, Scott's, 
I st Pensylvania Learned' s & Vernum's Bri- 
gades will constitute the members of the Court 
an orderly Serjeant from each Brigade giving 
a Cap! will give an orderly Serj! to attend said 
Court. Henry M? Cormick Esq' is appointed 

[167] 



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Brigade Major to the Pensylvania Brigade 
Pro : Tempore, and is to be respected as 
such, It is with in expressable Grief and In- 
dignation that the General has received In- 
formation of the Cruel outrages and Robberies 
Lately committed by Soldiers on the other 
side Schuylkill. Was we in the Enemy's 
Country such practices would be unwarrant- 
able, but committed against our friends are 
in the highest degree Base Cruel and Injurious 
to the Cause in which we are engaged they 
demand therefore and shall receive the severest 
punishment such crimes have brought reproach 
upon the Army and every Officer and Soldier 
Suffers by the practices of such villains, and it 
is the Interest of every honest Man to detect 
them and prevent a repedition of such Crimes, 
the General earnestly desires the Gen 1 . Officers 
and those Commanding Corps to represent to 
their men the Cruelty, Baseness and Wicked- 
ness of such practices and the injury they do 
the Army and the Common cause and still 
further to prevent the Commission of those 
Crimes the Gen 1 . Positively orders i 8 . 1 that no 
Officer under the degree of a Field Officer or 
Officer Command? a Reg! give passes to non 
Comission? officers or Soldiers under any pre- 
tence whatever 2 n . d that no non Comiss? Officer 
or Soldier have with him any arms unless on 
duty 3? that every Non Comissioned Officer 
or Soldier caught without the Limits of the 
Camp not having such passes or with his Arms 
shall be confin'd and severely punish'd 4 l . h that 

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the Roll of each Company be called frequently 
& evening at different times between the hours 
of 8 and 10 o'Clock all the Mens Quarters to 
be visited by such Officers as the Brigadier or 
Officer Commanding Corps shall appoint, and 
all absentees are to be exemplary punished 
5 l . h that as some of Villains complained off 
have been found mounted on Waggon horses, 
Every Waggon Mastf and Conductor of 
Waggons are Constantly to be near his Charge 
and frequently and particularly every evening 
and morning to inspect his Waggons and 
horses &? that Neither they nor their Waggon's, 
and if a Waggoner or any of his Horses are 
missing and not on Duty here to be con- 
fined and punished. Complaints having been 
made by the Surgeon's of Hospitals that the 
Sick are often sent to him without a List re- 
quired by Gen! Orders Issued the I2 1 ! 1 Nov- 
ember, to them orders all Officers are refer'd 
for Directions in this Point and of the dis- 
position of the arms of the sick, it appears 
also that many men who go into the Hospitals 
well clad are in a manner naked when they 
get well and cannot return to their Regiment 
till new Cloathed to prevent a Continuance 
of this evil that those guilty may be known 
and punished, No Man hence froward are to 
be sent to the Hospitals without a List of the 
Regiment and Company they belong to and of 
every Article of their Cloathing those Lists 
signed by the Captain or Officer Commanding 
Comp y * and Transmitted to the Surgeon of 



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the Hospital to which the Sick are sent with- 
out such Lists the Officer sending them shall 
be punished with neglect at the discretion of 
a Gen! Court Martial and for this and the 
Surgeons of the Hospitals are as soon as possi- 
ble to send a report of that Officer to the Adjud! 
General and that the arms and accoutrements 
of such sick may not be Lost or damaged they 
agreeably to the Gen 1 . 3 Orders lately Issued to 
be delivered to the Regimental Q T . Masters 
and by them without delay to the Comiss? of 
Military Stores and never carried with the 
sick to the Hospital. 3 Field Officers are to 
go down immediately and take command of 
50 men each sent of in the Night of the 22? 
Instant the whole are to be under the Com- 
mand of Col? Morgan L! Col? Heath, U Col? 
Davison and Major Hull are appointed to 
this Duty. 

Head Quarters Valley Forge December 2J t l l iff? 

Major Gen 1 , of the day . . Marquis De La Fayette 

Brigadier M? Intosh 

Field officers . . LT Col? Vost. Lt Col? Millon 
Brigade Major . Williams 

DETAIL the same as yesterdays M! 
Burment at present Quarter Mast' 
is appointed pay Master of the 
i 8 . 1 Reg! of Light Dragoons and to 
be respected as such, M' John Hughes Q: M: 
Serj! to sixth Troop is appointed Q T . Mf to the 
same Reg! in the room of Ql M. 1 . Green and 
is to be respected as such. The Troops are 

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to draw provision for tomorrow. Notwith- 
standing the orders repeatedly given of calling 
the absent Officers to Camp The Commander 
in Chief is informed that many are Still scat- 
tered about in the Country mispending their 
time to the prejudice of the Service and In- 
jury to those Officers who remain and attend 
their duty in Camp he therefore directs the 
Brigadiers and Officers Commanding Brigades 
forthwith to make strict inquiry concerning all 
the Officers absent from their Brigades and 
such as are absent without Leave from proper 
authority or having had such Leave remain 
unecessarily absent are to be immediately 
Notified to return to Camp without delay, on 
pain of being suspended or Cashier'd, Each 
Brigade Q : M : to make Return this after- 
noon to the Q : M : Geni of the Number of 
Officers hutts necessary for their Brigades ac- 
cording to the Regulations and Gen! orders. 



Head Quarters V: F: December 28'. h J///- 

Major Gen\for tomorrow De Kalb 

Brigadier Muhlenberg 

Field officers . . L. Col? Bassett. Major Peters 
Brigade Major Minnis 

All the Troops are to draw and Cook Pro- 
vision for tomorrow. 



[171] 



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Head Quarters V ' : F: December 2g t ] t I'll J. 
Parole Germantown Countersign Concord, Charlestown. 

Major Gen 1 , for tomorrow Green 

Brigadier Varnum 

Field Officers . . . Col? Angle. Major Porter 
Brigade Major Clayborne 

DETAILS the same as yesterday Ex- 
cept Patterson's Brigade who fur- 
nishes a Captain in the room of 
Weedon's. The Commander in 
Chief earnestly exhorts the Officers of every 
rank to use their utmost Exertions to have 
their Hutts compleated as soon as possible, 
that the Troops may get comfortably Lodged, 
he also directs a Gill of Spirits to be served 
this afternoon to each non Comiss? Officer or 
Soldier, and as Officers may find it difficult 
and expensive to procure Spirits for their 
own use he authorizes those of every Regi- 
ment to depute and send one of their own 
Corps in to this or the neighbouring States 
to purchase such Spirits and other articles for 
their accomodation in Camp as they shall find 
convenient for their own use only, The Re- 
turns which were called for the i^ Instant 
was Intended to pass through the hands of 
the Commander in Chief to be by him Trans- 
mitted to their respective States where the 
Troops were raised those who have failed 
making such returns to the Adjud! Gen! are 
to do it Immediately 



[ J 72] 



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Head Quarters V: F: December jo'I 1 1777 > 

Parole Reading Countersign Richmond, Trenton, 

Major Gen 1 , for tomorrow .... Lord Sterling 

Brigadier Huntington 

Field Officers . L T f Col? Little. Lf Col? Brant 
Brigade M? Cormick 

GREAT number of Prisoners are now 
in the Provost suffering severely 
from the severity of the season. 
Brigade Gen! Court Martials are to 
be appointed tomorrow and sit every day 'till 
all the men that belong to their Respective 
Brigades are tried, a Flag will go into Phila- 
delphia to morrow morning any person want- 
ing to Send any thing to the prisoners must 
apply to the Comissary Gent of Prisoners at 
the Cloathier's Store. 



Head Quarters V : F : December jrj 1777. 

Major Gen 1 , for tomorrow . Marquis De La Fayette 

Brigadier Poor 

Field officers . . . Col? Duncan. Major Ryon 
Brigade Major M? Gowen 

DETAILS the Same as yesterday 
only Poors furnishes a Captain in- 
stead of Glovers. In order to pro- 
cure a certain supply of shoes for 
the Troops The respective Brigadiers and 
Officers Commanding Brigades are as soon as 
possible to see Ml Ewing Commissary Gen! of 
hides and agree with him on some mode of 
furnishing hides to be exchanged by them or 
the persons by them appointed for shoes, for 



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their Brigades. Frequent Complaints having 
been made by the Inhabitants of their Forrage 
being taken without leaving them a reasonable 
share for the subsistence of their families, and 
that they are often insulted and abused, in 
future no person is to take forrage except the 
Forrage Master who are to give Receipts for 
the same and where a protection is given by 
the Commissary Gen! of forage they are to 
take no more from the Person who has it, 
Except by Special order from Him for the 
purpose, any Insults or abuse to the In- 
habitants, will be punished with the utmost 
severity 



Head Quarters V ': F: January 2* 1778. 

Parole Southampton Countersign Bristol, Burlington. 

Major Gen 1 , for tomorrow Green 

Brigadier M<: Intosh 

Field Officers . Col? Bradley. Major Cogswell 
Brigade Major Bailey 

THE Commander in Chief to pre- 
vent the unecessary application for 
Furloughs informs the Officers that 
none will be granted by him, unless 
the Officer who applies produces a Certificate 
from the Major Gen! to which they belong 
that the State of the Reg! will admit of their 
absence from Camp and it is expected that the 
Majors Gen 1 ? will duly inform themselves of 
the State of the Reg 1 . 8 previous to their giving 
such certificates and whether furloughs may 

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be granted without injuring the Service and 
in determining this they will consider how very- 
expedient it is that Officers remain in Camp 
when strong necessity does not demand their 
absence, to Improve themselves and their 
Corps in a sistem of discipline as may be 
prescribed and which the Quit & a fix'd Camp 
will afford them opportunity to practice, all 
the Cartridges in the Mens hands are to be 
collected Immediately and delivered to the 
Regimental Q r M. rs , except those which are 
regularly placed in their Cartridge Boxes which 
Boxes are to be compleatly filled The Regi- 
mental Q T . M? are to deliver all the spare Car- 
tridges to the persons appointed by the Major 
Gen 1 . 3 of the several Divisions to receive them 
and the Major Gen 1 . 3 will immediately appoint 
persons for that purpose, who are to apply to 
the Commissary Gen! of Stores for paper and 
to cause all the good Cartridges to be packed 
in bundles and the damaged ones to be de- 
livered to the Comissary. The Brigadiers 
and Officers Commanding Independant Bri- 
gades are to make a like appointment for 
their Brigades. Every monday morning the 
Regimental Surgeons are to make Returns 
to the Surgeon Gen! or in his absence to one of 
the Senior Surgeons, present in Camp of all 
the sick in Camp or otherwise under the Im- 
mediate care of the Regimental Surgeons 
specifying the mens names Comp! Reg? and 
disseases. 



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Head Quarters V ' : F : January i'J 1778. 
Parole Relster Countersign Salem, Amboy. 

Major Gen 1 , for tomorrow De Kalb 

Brigadier Patterson 

Field Officers . . . Col? Spencer. Major Polk 
Brigade Major M? Clure 

AS this day begins the New Year the 
General orders a Gill of Spirits to 
be delivered to each non Commissi 
Officer and Soldier and the Irregular 
and partial distribution of this article has been 
a great deal complained off he orders that no 
Spirits be Issued to any part of the Troops 
in future but in consequence of a Gen! or 
Special order from Head Quarters. A Devia- 
tion from this will be at the risque and peril 
of the Issuing Commissary. The Command- 
ing Officers of each Regiment to give in a 
return at orderly time tomorrow of the number 
of Taylors in their Regiments he Commands 
and no new Cloathing to be made for the use 
of any Reg? but by a pattern which will be 
furnished them. Col? Cook is appointed pre- 
sid 1 in room of Col? Scambil. 



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Head Quarters V ': F : January j d . 1778. 

Major General for tomorrow . . . Lord Sterling 

Brigadier . Scott 

Field Officers . Col? Cumstock. Major Braddish 
Brigade Maf. M? Clintock 

AT a General Court Martial held the 
28 th Ultimo. Whereof Col? Scam- 
mel was president, Capt" Courtly 
of Artillery appeared before the 
Court, Charged with leaving his Hoitz in the 
Field in the action of Brandywine in a cow- 
ardly unsoldierly like manner, the Court hav- 
ing considered the Charge and Evidence are 
of opinion that Capt° Courtly is Guilty of 
the charge exhibited against him and do Sen- 
tence him as he has ever suported the Char- 
acter of a brave man to be reprimanded by 
Gen! Knox in presence of all the Artillery 
Officers. The Commander in Chief is in- 
duced from a state of all the evidence to dis- 
aprove the Sentence and orders Capt? Courtly 
to be discharged from his arrest without Cen- 
sure. The Commander in Chief aproves the 
sentence of the same G! Court Martial held 
the 27? Ultimo to wit / Ensign Carpenter 
charged with absenting himself without leave 
from Camp knowing that the Regiment was 
to go imediately into Action, is found guilty 
and sentenced to be cashiered, the sentence to 
be put in execution forthwith. John M?Clure 
tried for suttling in Camp contrary to Gen! or- 
ders pleads guilty, the Court are of opinion 
that his suffering in the Provost have sufi- 



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tiently punished him for his Crime do direct 
that he be discharged from thence. 

The Honourable the Continental Congress 
have resolved that the Commander in Chief 
be directed to inform and he doth hereby In- 
form the brave Officers and Soldiers of the 
Continental Army now in Camp that as the 
Situation of the enemy has rendered it neces- 
sary to take post in a part of a Country not 
provided with houses. In Consequence thereof 
to reside in Huts. Congress aproving of their 
soldier like patience, fidelity, Zeal in the cause 
of their Country, Directs one month extraor- 
dinary pay to be given to each, & that Con- 
gress are exerting themselves to remedy the 
inconvenience which the Army has experienced 
from the defects of the Commissary and 
Cloathier's Departments that after the iV day 
of January instant the Comisary Gen! of pur- 
chase is from time to time to compute the 
Cost of each part of a Ration agreeable to 
Prime Cost of the Several articles composing 
the same, and by this estimate the Issuing 
Commissary are to govern themselves instead 
of the mode of the 38? article of the Com- 
missary's Regulations passed by Congress the 
10* of June last — and further that the Gen 1 . 
should recommend and he doth strongly 
recommend to the Officers of the Army to 
draw such a part of their Rations only as may 
be necessary for their respective subsistance 
and to receive their residue in money at the 
estimated Cost aforesaid untill the difficulties 



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arising from the present defitiencies in the 
Comissary's Department shall be removed — 
The Second Brigade of Lord Sterling's Divi- 
sion have permission to discharge their Arms 
tomorrow morning at Roll Call. 




Head Quarters V : F : January ^ 1778. 

Parole Litchfield Countersign New Haven, Norwich. 

Major General for tomorrow . Marquis La Fayette 

Brigadier Varnum 

Field Officers . Major Allison. Major Taylor 
Brigade Major Learned 

S fast as the men go into Hutts the 
Tents are immediately return'd to 
the Q T . M r . Gen! The Command- 
ing Officers of Reg" are to see this 
put in execution. The Brigadiers will pay 
proper attention to it and Officers of Com- 
panies will be answerable for those which have 
been delivered to them. The Commander in 
Chief is thus pointed because he is informed 
that Some Tents have been cut up by the 
Soldiers and disposed off and because all 
Tents which now are good and can be 
paired Will be indispensable necessary 
next Campaign, as fast as the Tents come 
into the Q T . Ml Gen 1 . 8 hands he is to have them 
wash'd thoroughly repaired and stored making 
a return of the whole and the Quality of them. 
By order of Congress no Officer is allowed to 
hold two Commissions in the Army The 
Commanding Officers of Companies and Regi- 



the 
re- 
the 



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ments are to pay strict attention to this order 
in making out their Muster Rolls A General 
Court Martial of the Line to sit tomorrow 
morning at 9 oClock at the Bakehouse for 
the tryal of all Prisoners that shall be brought 
before them. Col? Swift is president a Capt! 1 
from each Brigade, those of Gen! Wayne ex- 
cepted, will Constitute the Members of said 
Court, an orderly Serj! from each Division is 
to attend the Court. 



Head Quarters V: F: January ^ I77& '• 

A Gen. Court Martial held the I s . 1 Instant 
whereof Col? Sambre was presid! Appeared 
Dunham Ford Commissary in Gen! Green's 
Division Charged with Theft. The Court 
having consider'd the Charge and Evidence 
are of opinion that Dunham Ford is guilty 
of the Charge exhibited against him and do 
Sentence him to pay M. r Spencer & M! Hota- 
well 200 dollars and that after he shall procure 
a Certificate -from the aforesaid Gen! of the 
payment of the above Sum, he be brought 
from the Provost Guard mounted on a horse 
back foremost without a Saddle, his Coat 
turn'd wrong side out his hands tied behind 
him & be drum'd out of the Army (Never 
more to return) by all the Drums in the 
Division to which he belongs and that the 
above sentence be published in the News 
papers. The Commander in Chief approves 
the Sentence and orders it put in Execution. 



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The Officers Commanding Corps which fur- 
nished Seamen to the Galleys in Delaware are 
to make inquiry and Report to the Adjud! 
Gen! whether they have join'd their Corps or 
not again. The Commissaries are without 
delay to provide Soap to be Issued to the 
Troops. Soft soap is to be procured if hard 
cannot be obtained. ,, „ Pur- 
suant to a resolve of Congress of the i B . 1 
Instant the Commanding Officers of the Con- 
tinental Regiments now in Camp are required 
to make immediately exact Returns of the 
Officers and Soldiers in their respective Regi- 
ments to the Pay Master thereof to prevent 
any imposition in the Payment of the one 
month pay extraordinary which Congress in 
their resolve of the 26^ December last have 
ordered to be given to the brave Officers and 
Soldiers of the Continental Army on account 
of their Soldiery patience and fidelity and Zeal 
in Hutting &? as expressed in said Resolve. 
The daily Guards are to parade in the morn- 
ing precisely at 9 oClock of which the Officers 
of the Day Brigade Majors will duly Notice. 
Sergeant for Court Martial from Bradfords. 



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Head Quarters Galley F: January d'* 1778- 

Major Gen\for tomorrow Green 

Brigadier Poor 

Field officers .... Col? Gray. Maj? Varnum 
Brigade Major Alden 

THE difficulty of procurring Forage 
for such Horses as must necessarily 
be detain'd for the Common pur- 
poses of the Camp, obliges the Com- 
mander in Chief to call upon the Gen 1 . Officers 
and Commanding Officers of Regiments to 
see that no Officer under their Respective 
Command (except those who are allowed For- 
rage of Congress and even to them it is 
recommended to part with their Horses if 
they can) does under any pretence whatever 
keep a horse in Camp the plea of doing it at 
their own expence will not be admitted, as the 
Evil will not thereby be remedied, a strict 
compliance of this order is expected from 
every Officer — The Quartf M! Gen! is with- 
out delay to send for the Iron Ovens pro- 
vided by M! Erskin and deliver one to each 
Brigade, he will know at Head Quarters 
where they now lay. The General in riding 
through the Encampment observing that many 
Hutts were Cover'd with Tents. Whilst 
Chimney's were building to others again re- 
peats his orders to have the Tents delivered 
up the moment the Hutts are or can be cora- 
pleated, to the doing of which he will only 
allow this week and he expects from the Gen! 
Officers Commanding the Wings and the 



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second Line that they will put this into a 
Train of executions and see that the order is 
complied with, the Spirits which the Com- 
mander in Chief ordered to be seized may be 
delivered by the Comissary to the Officers in 
due proportion. Col? Dewees who is nearly 
ruin'd by the Enemy, Complains that the 
ruins of his buildings are likely to be destroyed 
by this Army. The Commander in Chief 
positively forbids the least injury to be done 
to the Walls and Chimneys of Col° Dewee's 
buildings and as divers Iron plates have been 
taken from them, The Commanding Officers 
of Corps are Immediately to inspect all the 
Hutts of their Regiments and make Returns 
to the Q T . Ml Gen 1 , of all they can find and the 
names of the persons in whose possession they 
are found that they may be restored when 
demanded. 

The Regimental Surgeons are immediately 
to make returns to Doctor Cochran Surgeon 
Gen 1 , of all the men in their Regiments, who 
have not had the small Pox, they will also 
call on Doctor Cochran for what sulpher they 
need for the use of their Regiment. 

At a Genl Court Martial held the second 
instant in Gen! Vernums Brigade of which 
Major Ward was president. Ensign Ben- 
jamin Arnold of Col? Angels Reg! Charged 
with getting drunk and behaving in a dis- 
orderly unsoldier like manner in Camp on 
the 6 l . h of December, with refusing to retire to 
his Quarters when ordered by the Colonel, 

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B: O: 



sending him for answer that he would go 
when he pleased and not before, & also with 
refusing to do his duty when regularly warn'd 
and threatning to leave the Service, whether 
he could a discharge or not, on the 1^} of the 
Month was tried and adjudged Guilty of the 
whole, and by the Court unanimously sen- 
tenced to be Cashiered with Infamy, to be 
rendered ever hereafter incapable of holding 
a Commission in the Continental Service, and 
that it shall be accounted scandalous for an 
Officer to hold friendly Correspondence with 
him. — The Commander in Chief approves 
the Sentence and orders it to be executed. — 
At a Gen! Court Martial held in Gen! 
Weedon's Brigade on the 4 l . h Instant thereof 
Col? Symn's was president. John Reely a 
Soldier in the 2? Virginia Reg! Charged with 
deserting from the Guard and taking with him 
two prisoners in Irons was tried and found 
guilty of the Crime wherewith he was charged 
and therefore sentenced to suffer death. The 
Commander in Chief approves the Sentence 
and orders it to be put in Execution next 
fryday at 10 oClock forenoon near the grand 
parade. 

January 7'/" 1778. 

Commanding officers of Companies are de- 
sired to make out a List of yf names of all the 
men that have deserted that belonged to their 
respective Companies and give them in to the 
Adjudant. In future there is to be App? 

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every day a Regiment! Officer of the Day 
whose business it will be to visit the Huts 
morning and Evening and make the Soldiers 
keep them clean and in good order as also to 
see that the Camp is kept clean and that the 
Quarter Guard keeps in good order. 

Head Quarters V ' : F : January 7** 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Sterling 

Brigadier Patterson 

Field Officers . . LT Col? Starr. Major Mentzes 
Brigade Major Minnis 

FOUR days fresh Provision is to be 
Issued forthwith. The Q\ Mf G! is 
to apply to the Adjud! Gen. for a 
fatigue party to cause all dead horses 
in and about the Camp and all Offals to 
be buried after which each Deputy Q : M : is 
to See this regularly performed once a week 
in & near their own Divisions, The Officers 
Commanding Divisions are required to know 
this order executed. — The D : C : Gen! de- 
sires those Brigade Q : M : and Officers 
who lately drew the Cloathing at White 
Marsh for their Brigades and have not yet 
given in their Regimental Receipts for their 
proportion to produce them immediately to him 
he also requests all persons having private Ac- 
counts with him to Call and settle the same 



[185] 



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Head Quarters V : F: January 8'? 1778. 

Parole Newark, Countersign Woodbridge, Chatham, 

Major Gen 1 , for tomorrow . Marquis La Fayette 

Brigadier M? Intosh 

Field Officers . Col? Grayson. Major Aldridge 
Brigade Maf. Clayborne 



r 1 1 



"^HE Commander in Chief is informed 
that gaming is again creeping into 
the Army in a more especial manner 
among the Lower Staff in the En- 
virons of the Camp he therefore in the most 
solemn terms declares that this Vice in either 
Officer or Soldier shall not when detected 
escape exemplary punishm* and to avoid dis- 
crimination between play and gaming forbids 
Cards and Dice under any pretence whatever. 
Being also informed many men are rendered 
unfit for duty by the Itch, He orders and 
directs the Regimental Surgeons to look atten- 
tively into this matter and as soon as the men 
who are affected with this disorder are properly 
disposed in Hutts to have them anointed for 
it. All Issuing Commissaries are carefully to 
save all the horns of Cattle, and have them 
seperated from the Bones and then return'd 
to the Ql M r . Gen! who is to store them — a 
Detachment of a Captain and 40 men from 
each Brigade are to attend the execution of 
John Reeley on the Grand parade to morrow 
forenoon. John Berrin Esq' is appointed 
Brigade Major to the North Carolina Brigade 
and is to be respected as such. At a General 



[186] 



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Court Martial held the 5 th instant in Gen! Muh- 
lenberg's Brigade of which Lieut 1 Col? Ball was 
president Ensign Cock of the 1" V? Regiment 
charged with denying upon Oath what he 
formerly and has since said he knew respect- 
ing Capt? Crumps behaviour thereby acting 
inconsistantly with Honour and truth, was 
tried and found guilty of the charge and by 
the Unanimous opinion of the Court sentenced 
to be discharged from the Service. The Com- 
mander in Chief approves the Sentence and 
orders it to be put in execution forthwith. — 
The Brigades may receive their Quota of Nails 
at the Q T . Ml Gen 1 ? Store — Each Brigade is to 
make a return of armurers therein to the Ad- 
judant Gen! A Flagg to go into Philadel- 
phia tomorrow morning at 9 oClock from the 
Quarters of the Commissary Gen 1 ! of Prison- 
ers. The Spirits mentioned in the orders of 
the 6 1 ! 1 Instant, have not yet come into the 
Commissary's hands, the Waggon's sent for 
that purpose being imployed by Gen! Small- 
wood, Notice will be given when they arrive. 

January 8'. h 177 8. 

At a Brigade Gen! Court Martial whereof 
Col? Syme was President appeared Timothy 
Driskill of the 2? Reg' Charged with attempt- 
ing to desert to the enemy found guilty of the 
Charge and Sentenced to receive 100 Lashes. 
The Gen! approves the sentence and orders it 
to be put in execution forthwith 



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Head Quarters V: F: January 9'* iyj8. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow De Kalb 

Brigadier Maxwell 

Field off r J . . LT Col? Prentice. Maj? Sunner 
Brigade Maf. M? Cormick 

THE Fatigue to parade to morrow 
at 8 o'Clock. at Fatland ford, the 
Execution of John Reiley is respited 
till tomorrow 8 'oClock in the fore- 
noon when the detachments from the several 
Brigades are to attend on the grand Parade. 
Some doubts having arisen with respect to the 
manner in which the Pay rolls for the one 
month extraordinary pay should be made up. 
The proceedings therein to be stay'd 'till fur- 
ther orders, the order of yesterday for returns 
for Armourers was intended to include all the 
gunsmiths in the respective Brigades. Those 
returns are to be made tomorrow at orderly 
time, The R Paymasters are to bring their ab- 
stracts for the month Nov' for Examination. 
The Majf Gen! & Brigadiers or Officers Com- 
manding the Brigades of each Division are to 
fix on some suitable place near their respective 
Brigades where Hospitals may be errected one 
for the Sick in each Brigade, and as soon as the 
men can possibly be sparred (sic) from hutting 
they are to errect those Hospitals, the Officers 
who shall be App? to superintend the Work 
will receive Directions therefore at the Adjud' 
Gen 1 ? Office. The B : Q : M? are as soon as 
possible to make racks of all the Horses of 
their Brigades to prevent the waste of Forage. 

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The Gen! is informed that many Officers are 
frequently passing out of Camp without leave 
that practice is absolutely forbidden and no 
Officer is to go beyond the Limits of the 
Camp without written Licence from the Maj' 
Gen! or Brigadier of the Division or Brigade 
to which he Belongs. 

Head Quarters V ' : F: January io*! 1 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Green 

Brigadier Weedon 

Field Officers . . . Col? Hubley. Major Hair 
Brigade Major M c Gowen 

THE Issuing Commissary's are hereby 
authorized to furnish the Gen! and 
other Officers of the Army with small 
proportionable Quantities of Spirits 
upon their orders whenever it can be spared 
of which he is to keep a regular account and 
Settle with them for it at reasonable prices. 
All the Tin Cannisters that have been issued 
to the Troops are to be return'd forthwith to 
the Commissary of Military Stores, Who is 
to enter the number received from each Corps 
and Brigade. 

Head Quarters V : F : January u*! 1 1778. 

Major Gen 1 tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field Officers . . . Major Spencer. Major Hay 
Brigade Major M9 Clure 

So many days provision are to be Issued to 
the Troops tomorrow Morning as will com- 
pleate them to Wednesday next inclusively. 

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Head Quarters V : F: January 12'!' 1 778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow . . . Marquis La Fayette 

Brigadier Scott 

Field Officers . . Col?! Shriver. Major Farnold 
Brigade Maf. Bailey 

THE detachments Ordered to Re- 
lieve Col? Morgan and take post at 
the Gulph Mill, are to be on the 
grand parade tomorrow morning and 
ready to march at Sun rise, with their pro- 
vision compleated to next Wednesday in- 
clusively. 

The Commissary Gen! to keep Account of the 
number of Cattle Issued to the Army that 
the number of hides may be assertained and 
duly accounted for to the Commissary of hides. 
The Brigade Commissaries are to apply forth- 
with to their Brigadiers or Officers Command- 
ing Brigades and with their approbation fix 
upon a place for Collecting all the dirty Tallow 
and saving the Ashes for the purpose of mak- 
ing soft soap for the use of the Army, also 
for imploying proper persons to boile the 
Oyle out of the Catties feet and preserve it 
for the use of the Army. This Oile is to be 
put in Casks and delivered to the Q T . M : 
Gen! The Brigade Q T . Masters are to see that 
the orders of the 9* instant for building 
racks for the horses be properly complied with 
and that the Waggon Masters pay proper 
attention to the Horses, and that every Sol- 
dier caught on horse back be immediately 
confined and punished 

[ *9°] 



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Head Quarters V : F : January ij t . h J//8. 

Major Gen\ tomorrow De Kalb 

Brigadier Vernum 

Field Officers . . LT Col? Burr. Major Nichols 
Brigade Maj r . M? Clinton 

THE Honourable the Congress hav- 
ing been pleased to call Col? Picker- 
ing to a seat at the Board of war, 
have appointed Col? Scammell Ad- 
judant Gen. in his room, who is to be obeyed 
and respected as such. Officers Commanding 
Guards are to give the Countersigns to the 
Picquets as soon as it is dark. — The Com- 
mander in Chief is surprised to hear that the 
Butchers have extorted money from the Sol- 
diers for the plucks of Beef The Commissa- 
ries are therefore directed to Issue the plucks 
and heads together for 8 pounds, and the 
Quarter Masters are to see that the different 
Companies draw it by turn, The Flying 
Hospital Hutts are to be 15 feet wide and 25 
long in the clear and the story at least 9 feet 
high to be covered with boards or Shingles 
only without any dirt, Windows made on each 
side and a Chimney at one end, Two Such 
Hospitals are to be made for each Brigade 
at or near the Center and if the ground per- 
mits of it not more than 100 yards distance 
from the Brigade. 



[i9>3 



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Head Quarters V : F : "January 14.* 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Green 

Brigadier Huntington 

Field Officers . . Col? Bucker. Col? Bradford 
Brigade M r . Learned 



[HE Cloathier has some Stockings 
suitable for Officers at reasonable 



T| 
prices. 
The Brigade Majors will deliver a 
List of the Field Officers in the Several Bri- 
gades tomorrow at orderly time. 

Head Quarters V: F: January 15^ iff 8. 

Major Gen 1 , for tomorrow .... Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Poor 

Field Officers LT Col? Weltner. Lt Col? Hermer 
Brigade Major Patterson 

THE works mark'd out by the In- 
genieurs for the defence of the Camp 
are to be executed with all possible 
dispatch and the Commander in 
Chief requests the favour of General Green, 
Lord Stirling and the Marquis La Fayette, 
Gen! Sullivan being upon other duty to Con- 
sult with Gen! Portail on the proper means 
and number of men necessary to execute the 
works in the different Wings and Second 
Line and give orders accordingly, and that 
each of them appoint proper Officers to 
Superintend and push forward the defences. — 
The Qy Mf Gen! is positively ordered to pro- 
vide Straw for the use of the Troops and the 
Surgeons to see that the sick when they are 

[ J9 2 ] 



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removed to Hutts assigned for the Hospital 
are plentyfully suplied with this article — Col? 
Humpton and Gibson L! Col? Norse who are 
appointed to repair to the several Hospitals 
in the middle department they will receive 
their orders at the Adjudant Gen 1 . 8 Office to- 
morrow morning Nicholas Gilman Adjud! of 
the third New Hampshire Reg? is appointed 
Assistant to the Adjud! Gen! — All the ar- 
mourers except those already imployed in 
their respective Reg" are to parade at Guard 
mounting a Camp Colourman from each Bri- 
gade at the same time and place. Provision 
to be Issued to the Troops to next Sunday 
Inclusively. The Q! M? Gen! is immediately 
to fix upon ground proper between or near 
the Lines when Huts may be errected for 
prisoners under the provost Guard, he will 
appoint a suitable Carpenter to assist and 
direct the Men with their axes from each Bri- 
gade, two men from each Brigade to be sent 
'till the huts are finish'd. 

Head Quarters V : F : January 16* 1778. 

Major Gen\ tomorrow . . . Marquis La Fayette 

Brigadier Patterson 

Field Officers Col? Wigglisworth 

L? Col? Littlefield 
B : M: Stagg 

LIEUTT Col? Butler L! Col? Sprout 
and Major Hall to take the Com- 
mand of the fatigue party to parade 
tomorrow morning. 

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Head Quarters V : F : January 17^ J 77 8. 

Major Gen\ tomorrow De Kalb 

Brigadier M? Intosh 

Field Officers . LT< Col? Davis. Major Gilman 
Brigade Major Day 

T I ^HE Brigadiers and Officers Com- 
manding Brigades are to meet this 
evening at Gen 1 . Vernum's Quarters 
to consult and agree upon proper 
and speedy measures to exchange raw hides 
for shoes, They will as soon as possible criti- 
cally examine into the state and Condition of 
the arms in the respective Brigades, and get 
those out of repair put in order as soon as 
possible and consult upon the most speedy 
method of procuring a sufficient number of 
proper sized Bayonets to supply the deffi- 
ciencies. The General desires that they will 
likewise agree upon the most proper and 
speedy means to have all the Officers in their 
Brigades furnished with half pikes agreeable 
to General orders Issued December 22? — 



Head Quarters V : F : January i8'. h 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Green 

Brigadier Maxwell 

Field Officers Ly Col? Carlton. LT Col? Harney 
Brig: Maj: Kelley 

AT a General Council of the Briga- 
diers and Officers Commanding 
Brigades in obedience to yesterdays 
orders report as follows — if that 
the Commissaries of the Respective Brigades 

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retain their hides to the disposal of the Briga- 
diers giving an exact Account from time to 
time to the Commissary of hides. 

At a Brigade Court Martial held the 12* 
instant whereof L! Col? Harmer was presid! 
Ensign Foster of 6'? Pensylvania Reg! being 
found guilty of Challenging Capt" Cruise and 
behaving unbecoming the Character of an 
Officer or a Gentleman was sentenced to be 
discharged from the Service 

The Commander in Chief in Conformity 
of the articles of War approves the Sentence, 
but in consideration of the Circumstances is 
pleased to restore Ensign Foster to his former 
rank, at the same time is sorry to observe that 
the dispute between the parties arose from a 
cause that was conducted in a manner that 
does neither of them much Honor. — 

As the army is now in all probability sta- 
tion'd for the remainder of the winter, It is 
necessary that the departments for supplying it 
with provision and forage should be put upon 
such a footing that as few delays and difficulties 
as possible may happen, In order to do this 
more effectually the most Exact arrangements 
and disposition should be made of the Wag- 
gons and horses employ'd in the service. The 
Commander in Chief therefore orders that all 
private Waggons and horses annexed, either 
to Reg? or imploy'd by the Brigade Commis- 
sarys shall be delivered up on Monday or 
Tuesday next to the Q : M : Gen! at the field 
next beyond the Adjud! Gen 1 . 5 Office, those be- 



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longing to the first Line on Monday and those 
belonging to the Second line on Tuesday, also 
the Artillery and on Wednesday and Thurs- 
day next all the Waggons and horses the 
property of the United States, annexed to the 
different Regiments or employed by the Bri- 
gade Commissaries are also to be delivered up 
to the Q : M : Gen! at the place and in the 
Manner above directed. 

The whole to be then aranged and appro- 
priated in such manner as the Q M G! or the 
Forage Master Gen 1 , shall judge best Calcu- 
late to supply the Army with Forage and 
fuel, and to perform other Camp duty, A 
sufficient number of Waggons will imme- 
diately be return'd to the Brigade for the Ser- 
vice of the Camp, While a more compleat 
arrangement is making. It having been rep- 
resented by the Q : M : Gen 1 , that a great 
number of Saddle horses have been drawn at 
different times by Officers Q T . Masters Waggon 
Masters and Commissaries for various service 
and never return'd, The Commander in 
Chief expressly orders that such be return'd 
to the Q M Gen! upon the Day and place 
above mentioned when he will allow such to 
retain them as appears to have a real necessity 
from their occupation for their Service. That 
the Brigadiers on the present exigency send 
an Officer from each Brigade into the Coun- 
try to exchange Hides for Shoes. Hides at 
4 d per lb and Shoes at 10/ p' pair. That 
their expences be defrayed by a draught on 

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the Q M Gen! — That the Commanding 
Officers of Battalions give red' to their re- 
spective Brigadiers for the shoes delivered 
them which receipts shall be delivered to the 
Cloathier Gen! 2 d . That those Brigades which 
are furnished with Armourers and tools have 
their Bayonets made in their Brigades and 
that those (who) cannot procure Armourers and 
tools purchase Bayonets from the Country 
Artificers. 3*! That the Q M Gen! be directed 
to have Aspontons or pikes to be made for 
the Officers The staff 6j4 feet long and ij4 
Inch in Diameter in the largest part and that 
the Iron part be one foot long — The Com- 
mander in Chief accepts and approves the 
above report and orders it to take place in 
every respect. 

A Division Court Martial held the 1$^ 
instant whereof L! Col? Ballard was President. 
Capt? Lambert of the 14? Virg* Reg! tried for 
stealing a Hatt from Capt" Allis found guilty 
and unanimously sentenced to be Cashiered 
and that it be deemed scandalous for an officer 
to Associate with him in future and that his 
Crime, Name, place of Abode and punish- 
ment be published in and about Camp and 
in the news papers of every state particularly 
the State he belongs to, and that he pay Capt? 
Allis 30 dollars for the hatt he stole from him 
Also the expences of the Witnesses against 
him and the expences of an express sent for 
them — Which shall be paid before he is re- 
leased from his confinement — The Com- 



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D: 0: 




mander in Chief approves the Sentence and 
orders it to take place immediately. 

That three Axmen from each Brigade 
which furnish Guards to parade on the grand 
parade at 9 oClock every morning. 

Head Quarters V : F : January ic?} 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Weedon 

Field Officers . . Col? Levingston. Maj? Convay 
B : M: Alden 

T a Brigade Court Martial held the 
•f) instant whereof Major Ryan was 
President Francis Morris a Soldier 
in I s . 1 Pensylvania Reg! tried for re- 
peated Desertions was found guilty and Unan- 
imously sentenc'd to suffer death in such 
manner as shall be ordered by the Commander 
in Chief His Excellency the Commander in 
Chief approves the Sentence. 

Provisions to be issued to the troops up 
to next Thursday Inclusive Detachments sent 
upon Command from the time of their march- 
ing No Provisions are to be drawn for them 
by the R l Q T . M T . till they return. 

The Brigade Majors will daily attend at 
the Adjud* Generals Office for orders precisely 
at 12 oClock. 

The Division Court Martial of which U. 
Coif Ballard was President is to sit at his 
Quarters Tomorrow at 10 oClock for the 
Tryal of those prisoners Confined by Briga- 



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dier Weedon on Suspicion of Mutiny and 
Desertion. 



Jan->- 2o t . h 1778. 

The Regimental Surgeons are every Wed- 
nesday and Saturday Are to make Returns to 
the Brigadier of all the Sick in their Respec- 
tive Reg 1 . 3 They will apply to the Brigade 
Major for a Form. They or their Mates are 
duly to attend the Huts of their Men and see 
that the sick are provided for as well as pos- 
sible, If any thing is wanting the Officer, 
Commanding the Regt? are to be acquainted 
therewith as Quick as possible who is to spare 
no pains for the help of the sick untill they 
can be sent to the Hosp' The hours of which 
this duty will be attended too are at roll Call 
in the morning — Noon — 3 oClock in the 
evening and at Tattoo any Surgeon or mate 
failing in this duty to be reported by the Com- 
manding Officer of the Reg! to which he be- 
longs to the Brigadier. 

The Surgeons are Also to keep a Book in 
which they will enter a Copy of Every Return 
they give in. When Men parade for duty the 
Adjudants or Officers acting as such to march 
them to the Brigade parade where they will 
remain 'till such men are excepted By the 
Brigade Major. The R Q : M : are to col- 
lect all their Axes and have such as want it 
repair'd immediately, when men parade for 
Fatigue they will furnish them with Such tools 
as are wanting. 



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Head Quarters V: F: January 20'!' 1878. 
Major Genl tomorrow . . Marquis De La Fayette 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field Officers .... Col? Patton. Major Fish 
Brigade Major Marrin 



r — m — ^ 

1 



"^HE Gen! Officers and Officers Com- 
manding Brigades are Desired to 
meet at General Sullivans Quarters 
tomorrow morning 10 oClock In 
order of Considering the expedience of Open- 
ing a publick Market, In Camp they are to 
take into Consideration the proper place and 
days for holding a Market The Regulations 
and Guards to preserve good order — The 
prices proper to be Affixed upon Every Article 
in the Settlement of which they should En- 
deavour to consult some of the most Intelliga- 
ble Country men some plans have been pro- 
posed, that will be laid before them at the 
time of Meeting a Report of their proceedings 
to be Sent to the Commander in Chief as soon 
as possible. The Commander in Chief Re- 
turns his Warmest thanks to Capt" Lee and 
the Officers and men in his troop for the 
victory which by their superior Bravery and 
address they gain'd over part of the Enemies 
Dragoons who trusting in their numbers and 
Concealing their march by a Circoutous rout 
Attempting to Surprise them in their Quarters, 
he has the Satisfaction of Informing the Army 
that Capt? Lee's vigilance Baffled the Enemies 
designs That by judiciously posting his men 
in his Q? Tho he had not a Sufficient number 



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to post one to each Window he obliged the 
party Consisting of 200 Dragoons disgracefully 
to retire after repeated and fruitless attempts 
to force their way into the House Leaving 
two Killed and four wounded without receiv- 
ing any other damage on his part than having 
his Lieut* Mr. Lindsay slightly wounded unless 
any of his out patrolles should be Unfortunately 
Wounded and taken which is not known. — 
The Gen! positively forbids the Burning of 
the farmers Fences and Enjoins upon all 
Officers to Use their utmost endeavour to pre- 
vent it and bring to Severe punishment all that 
those (sic) that shall Offend therein. — A Gen! 
Court Martial whereof Col? Craig was Presi- 
dent to sit tomorrow at the Presidents Markie 
at 9 oClock To try such Prisoners as Shall be 
brought before them belonging to U Stirlings 
and Gen! Wayne's Divisions Major Church 
a Capt? and two Subaltern Officers from each 
Brigade in those Divisions will complete the 
Court. The Commander in Chief is In- 
formed That Capt? Lee and L! Lindsay had 
but a Corp! and four men to Assist them in 
the manly opposition to the British Light 
Horse Majy Jameson was accidently there and 
justly merits share of the praises due to this 
brave little party. 

Gen! Patterson is kind enough to undertake 
the Superintence of the fortification of the 
Left Wing all the Men not on duty in the 
respective Brigades in this Wing are to parade 

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every morning at 9 oClock to be employed 
in the fortification of the Camp under the 
Genf Directions each Brigade is to furnish a 
field Officer to Command the Fatigue parties 
All Officers not upon Duty under the Com? 
of a Field Officer are to turn out with their 
Men — His Excellency the Commander in 
Chief desires the Officers to Exert themselves 
to put the Camp in a defenceless a Condition 
(sic) as possible as soon as may be. 

N: Green M: G: 



Head Quarters V: F: January 21'} 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Dekalb 

Brigadier Scott 

Field Officers . L T . Col? Millin. Major Winslow 
B : M : Berryan 

THE Commander in Chief approves 
the Report made by the Brigadiers 
& Officers Commanding Brigades 
in the Virg? line and orders that the 
men whose time of Service is Expired be dis- 
charged and march'd home by proper Officers 
on the manner there Directed. The Briga- 
diers &? are also to See that the Arms and 
Accoutrements of Such men are return'd in 
the first Instance to themselves in order that 
the Arms and discharges may Correspond and 
by them to the Commissary of Military Stores 
whose receipts is to be taken for what is de- 
livered all Blankets are to be stoped and other 
Articles Belonging to the publick the Briga- 

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diers &? will Cause proper Care to be taken 
of the first and see that the Latter is Delivered 
into the hands of the Q M Gen! and other 
proper officers. Notwithstanding the pointed 
and frequent Orders which have been Issued 
to have all Deserters Reported at Head 
Quarters, it is by indirect and Casual Informa- 
tion that this knowledge comes to the Gen! 
Except in the Gen! Returns which are exceed- 
ing irregular He therefore in proemtory 
Terms now calls upon the Brigadiers to see 
or know that the Several Rolls of their Reg? 
are call'd Over agreeable to former Orders and 
that all Deserters specifying the Reg" and 
Com 7 . 8 they belong to are reported by them to 
the Major Gen! of the day who is to present 
the whole in one View to the Commander in 
Chief when he comes from his tour of duty — 
The Brigadiers are also requested to use every 
possible means to apprehend Deserters of their 
respective Brigades. This order will not be 
dispenced with — The Gen! does also in 
positive terms, Declares that he will have the 
Gen! Returns of the Army, Delivered into 
him every Monday at Orderly time — The 
Adjud! Gen! is therefore to pay peculiar atten- 
tion to this matter Considering himself re- 
sponsable for the performance Unless he 
Arrests every delinquent who causes the 
Failure. In the next Mondays Returns the 
Off' 3 in the Virgf line are to assertain the num- 
ber of Men whose time of Service will Expire 
shortly — 

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It being imposible for the Surg! of the Flying 
Hospitals to make effectual provision for the 
Sick out of Camp Unless they are sent to 
the places by them appointed and furnished for 
the purpose All Officers and Regimental Sur- 
geons, when any of their Core (sic) are proper 
subjects for the Hospital are therefore Imme- 
diately to apply to the chief Surgeon of the 
Flying Hospitals present in Camp and take 
his direction where to Send the Sick, A Con- 
trary practice have been attended with great 
Inconveniency and probably Occasions the 
Death of many men, many has been sent to 
the Hosp! already Crowded with Patients or 
to places where no provisions have been made 
for the Sick and in order that the sick which 
shall from time to time remain in Camp 
as well as others before they are sent to the 
Hosp 1 ? may be properly taken care of, The 
Director Gen} of Hosp 1 . 3 is as soon as possible 
to furnish the R Mental Surgeons with Medi- 
cine Chests supplyed with such Medicine as 
are necessary for the Sick in Camp. When 
flags go to enemies Lines All Officers posi- 
tively are forbidden to go with them unless 
they receive proper order therefore. At a Gen! 
Court Martial whereof Col? Clerk was Presi- 
dent held Jan? 19* L! M c Gibbeney of the 
4 1 ! 1 Carolina Regiment Tried for Embezzeling 
or misaplying the Money which he was in- 
trusted with for enlisting men into the service 
also for taking bribes to discharge Inlisted 
Soldiers from the Service was unanimously 

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Acquitted of the Charge — At the same 
Court Jan? 15^ Capt" Joshua Brown of Col? 
Biggalous Reg! tried for suffering two prisoners 
to make their escape from the Provost Guard 
was unanimously Acquitted of the Charge 
alledged against him — The Commander in 
Chief approves the Sentence and orders them 
to be released from their arrest — 

Head Quarters V '. F: January 23 d . 1778. 

Major Gen I tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Huntington 

Field Officers . . Col? Biggalow. Major Haws 
B : Ml Clayborne 

THE Gen! Officers and Officers 
Commanding Brigades will meet to- 
morrow morning at 10: oClock at 
Gen! Sullivan's Q? For the purpose 
mentioned in Gen! Orders of the 20^ Instant — 
Serj! How is appointed Provost Martial, Pro: 
Tempore, in the room of Capt? Shagg who 
has resign'd. The Brigadiers and Officers 
Commanding Brigades are immediately to 
make returns of the Deficiency of Bayonets 
in their Brigades to the Adjud! Gen! Several 
Farmers have complained notwithstanding the 
Certificates Granted by the Com? Gen! of For- 
rage of their having furnished their Quotos of 
Forrage Assigned them further demands have 
been made upon them so as to deprive them 
of what was preserved for the use of their own 
families, The General strictly prohibits such 
unjust proceedings and desires that more re- 

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spect be paid to the F : M : Gen 1 . Certificates 
in future, At a Gen! Court Martial whereof 
Col? Clerk was president held Jan? 20* V. Col? 
Linley and Major Bailey Tried for Non At- 
tendance on the Grand parade in proper time 
The former when Field Officer and latter when 
Brigade Major of the day, found guilty of the 
Charge Exhibited against them, being a Breach 
of the 5 l . h Article & 1 8* Sect : of the Articles 
of war and sentenced to be reprimanded in 
Gen! orders — The Gen! approves the fore- 
going Sentence and is surprised that he is 
under the disagreeable Necessity of reprimand- 
ing Officers for their Breach of duty so well 
known and which ought to be perform'd with 
the greatest punctuality and as exact discipline 
and the strictest obedience to orders is the 
Soul of an Army and the foundation of suc- 
cess whilst the contrary may be productive of 
the most fatal consequences, He flatters him- 
self that every Officer as in honour and duty 
bound will be Emulous to pay the strictest 
attention to orders and prove exemplary to 
the Soldiery. 



B: O. 



Returns to be made to the Brigadier of the 
Men in the Virgf Reg? whose time of Service 
is expired at this or as it may hereafter Those 
Returns must be certified by the Officers who 
recruited them if they are in Camp or the Sol- 
diers must produce a Certificate. The Pay- 
masters are ordered to procure the men their 



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wages and pay them up to the day of their 
dismission, No one to be discharged but by 
the Brigadier or Officer Commanding the 
Brigade — The men will be discharged in 
squads of 20 or 25 and marched in an orderly 
manner to their State by a Commiss? Officer — 
The distress for Blankets makes it necessary 
to retain those the Soldiers have who is then 
discharged, This the Brigadier hopes will be 
readily complyed with By the men who are 
going home in order to afford more Comfort 
to their Brother Soldiers who keep the Field, 
the Commanding Officers of Reg 1 ? are there- 
fore directed to Stop all the Blankets, and as 
the squads will not consist of more than 20, 
or 25 men The Officer who marches them 
home can never be at a Loss for Quarters or 
Shelter them from the weather. 

Those Returns given in by the Surgeons 
to the Brigadier are to Include all who may 
fall sick from one return to another and to 
be signed by the Commanding Officer of the 
Reg! before given in. L! Stokes of the 6^ 
Virgf Reg! is App? Judge Advocate for the 
Brigade to be exempted from the Common 
Duties and is to be Respected as Such. 



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B: O. 



Head Quarters V : F : January 24? Iff 8. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow . . . Marquis De La Fayette 

Brigadier Poor 

Field Officers . . Li Col? Bonner. Maj? Stubblefield 
B: M: M? Cormick 

THREE Days Provisions to be Is- 
sued to the Troops on Mondays 
and Thursdays till further orders. 
The Taylors of each Reg* to be 
excused from other Duty and to be imploy'd 
in making up the Cloaths for their respective 
Reg" 



Head Quarters V : F: January 25*!* if 78. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow B : De Kalb 

Brigadier Patterson 

Field Officers . . . Col? Becker. Major Porter 
B: M: M? Gowan 

N r O Officer is Subject to be try'd by 
a Brigade or Division Court Mar- 
tial unless he Consent thereto which 
is to be noted in the proceedings of 
the Court Martial. As it is necessary that 
the Muster Rolls should be accurately made 
in one form the Officers are to make them out 
agreeable to the forms given them for that 
purpose by the mustering Officers. — At a 
Brigade Court Martial whereof U. Col? Bal- 
lard was president Jan-T io l . h Capt" Zane of the 
13* Virgf Reg! try'd for acting in a Cowardly 
manner when sent on a scouting party 12^ 
Decf last By ordering his men to retreat when 



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he had a considerable Advantage over the 
Enemy found guilty and sentenced to be dis- 
charged from the Service — The Commander 
in Chief approves the Sentence and orders it 
to take place immediately 

January 26* 1778. 

The Officers Commanding Regiments are 
to examine their mens Arms and Ammuni- 
tion and to have all their Cartridge Boxes 
fill'd with Cartridges this Night, which must 
always be kept compleate, The Qj. Masters 
will at all times have ready a Sufficient number 
of good Cartridges to compleate every man in 
the Brigade with fourty rounds this order 
to be attended to Immediately — The Racks 
for holding Provender are once more ordered 
to be set up without further Delay. 

Head Quarters V : F : January 26^ 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Green 

Brigadier M? Intosh 

Field Off:' . . . LT Col? Gray. Maj? Braddish 
B : M: M c . Clure 

BOARD of Gen! Officers having 
recommended that a Sutler be ap- 
pointed to each Brigade whose 
Liquors shall be inspected by two 
Officers Appointed by the Brigadier for that 
purpose and those Liquors sold under those 
restrictions as shall be thought reasonable the 
Commander in Chief is pleased to approve 




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the above Recommendation and to order that 
such Brigade Sutlers be app? and Liquors sold 
at the following prices and under the follow- 
ing Regulations Peach Brandy by the Quart 
7/6 by the pint 4/. By the Jill 1/3 Whisky 
and apple Brandy 6/. p quart 3/6 p pint and 
1/ p j ill Cyder i/3 p quart Strong Beer 1/6 
p quart Common Beer 1/ p quart Vinegar 
1/6 p quart any Sutler who shall be convicted 
before a Brigade Court Martial of having de- 
manded more than the above rates or of hav- 
ing adulterated his Liquors or made use of 
Deficient Measures shall forfeit any Quantity 
of his Liquors not Exceeding Thirty Gall! or 
the value thereof at the foregoing rates, The 
fourth part of the Liquors or the value thereof 
so forfeited to be applied to the Informer and 
the Remainder of the Liquor to be put into 
the hands of the person Appointed by the 
Brigadier who shall deliver it out to the Non 
Comiss? and privates of the Brigades at one 
Jill p man p day, If Money to be laid out in 
Liquors or Necessaries for the N: Comissiond 
Officers & privates of the Brigade and dis- 
tributed in due and equal proportions, The 
Brigade Sutler is also at Liberty to Sell leaf 
Tob? at 4/ p lb. Pigg Tail 7/6 p lb? and 
hard soap 2/6 p lb? But no other Articles 
rated for the publick Market shall be sold By 
him or any person acting Under him on any 
pretence whatever. 

L! Shuggart of the German Battalion tryed 
by a Brigade Court Martial for Challenging 

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L! Lautermilk of the Same Battalion is found 
guilty of 7^ Sect" of war, and therefore 
sentenced to be Cashier'd — The Com- 
mander in Chief approves the Sentence but 
in Consideration of the recommendation of 
the Court is pleased again to restore him again 
to his Rank hoping at the same time that his 
Lenity on this and some other particular In- 
stances will not be construed into his giving 
Countenance to a practice not only directly 
repugnant to our own Articles of war but 
discouraged by all Military Nations as Abhor- 
sive of good order Discipline and Harmony. 

January 2?*!* I//8. 

A Court of Enquiry to Sit tomorrow morn- 
ing at 10 °Clock to inquire into the Conduct of 
L! Terry and L! Epps of the i^ Virg. a Regi- 
ment, Major Hopkins is appointed President 
of this Court, one Capt? from io 1 ! 1 and one 
from I4*! 1 and one Lieut! from the 2? and 
one ditto from the 6 t . h and one from the io 1 ! 1 
And one from the 14^ will Compose the 
members of the Court — The Brigadier earn- 
estly requests that the Officers Commanding 
Regiments will not fail to turn out those men 
dayly who are not on duty, that the Fortifica- 
tions on the Left wing may be compleated as 
Soon as possible. 



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Head Quarters V : F: January 2y*! > I//8. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Maxwell 

Field officers . . LT Col? Shearman. Maj? Thair 
B: M: Bailey 

THOSE persons who have any Ar- 
ticles to Send in to our Prisoners 
into Philadelphia are to leave them 
with the Commissary of Prisoners 
next Friday Evening — Paper to be Issued 
by the Q M : Genl tomorrow in the following 
proportion Two Quires to each Brigadier or 
Officer Commanding Brigades one to each 
Brig? Major and one to each Reg! Ammuni- 
tion to be drawn immediately to Compleate 
the Troops to forty rounds p man which is to 
be deposited Into the hands of the Brigade 
Q'. Master to be ready when call'd for. 

Head Quarters V: F: January 28'. h 1778- 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow B : De Kalb 

Brigadier Weedon 

Field Officers . LT Col? Harwey. Maj? Hopkins 
B: M: M? Clintick 

AS there has been an extraordinary 
and unaccountable Waste of Am- 
munition in many of the Brigades, 
as soon as the Brigades are Com- 
pleated therewith agreeable to yesterdays or- 
ders the Commander in Chief positively orders 
the Col 1 . 8 or Officers Commanding Reg? are to 
see that an Officer in each Corps Carefully 
examine their mens Ammunition every day 

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at roll Call in the morning and severely 
punish any soldier who shall carelessly waste 
a single Cartridge — At a Gen! Court Mar- 
tial of which Major Church was Presid! held 
Jan? 26* W 1 ? M c . Intire a Soldier in the seventh 
Pens? Battalion Tried for robbing a load of 
wheat &? from one of Col? Spencers Waggon- 
ers found guilty of a Breach of the 5*? Art: of 
18 Sect: of the Articles of War and sentenced 
to receive 30 lashes on his bare back well laid on 
at the head of his own Regiment At the same 
Court W? Dearlove of the 4* Pens 3 Battalion 
tried for stealing money from Fred!" Buzzard 
found guilty and Sentenced to receive 100 
Lashes well laid on upon his bare back. The 
Com! in Chief approves the foregoing Sen- 
tences and orders them to be put in Execu- 
tion Tomorrow morning at roll call at the 
head of the Reg' to which they belong. At a 
Gen! Court Martial whereof Coif Clerk was 
President held Jan? 22? Thomas Scott who 
acted in the Character of a Waggon Master 
tried for taking forrage Contrary to General 
Orders of the 31 s . 1 Dec! last Acquitted of the 
Charge The Gen! approving the Sentence 
and orders him to be released immediately, 
At the same Court Stephen Rice of the 8 l . h 
Virgf Reg! tried for plundering the Inhabitants 
of the Country found guilty Being a Breach 
of the 15 1 ? Article 13'? Sect: of the articles of 
war and sentenced to receive 100 Lashes on 
his bare back well laid on. At the same Court 
Joseph Tirn of the 3? Virg a Reg! tried for 

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Desertion from the Provost Guard and taking 
a prisoner with him found Guilty of a Breach 
of I s . 1 Article and 6 l . h Sect: of the Articles of 
War and sentenced to receive ioo Lashes on 
his bare (sic) well laid on — At the same Court 
Robert Gest Drummer in Col? Lambs Reg! of 
Artillery tried for attempting to desert to the 
Enemy found guilty but on Account of his 
Youth only sentenced to receive 50 Lashes on 
his bare back — At a Gen! Court martial 
whereof Col? Clark was president January 23 
Banj? Berry of Col? Halls Reg! tried for at- 
tempting to desert to the enemy found guilty 
of the Charge and sentenced to receive 100 
Lashes on his bare back well laid on — The 
Commander in Chief approves the foregoing 
sentences and orders them to be executed 
tomorrow morning at roll Call at the head of 
their Reg 1 . 3 — 

The Report of the Court Martial whereof 
L! Col? Ballard is President relative to the 
prisoners Commited by Gen! Weedon for 
mutiney and desertion Cannot be approved 
off. The punishment ordered to be inflicted 
far exceeding what the Law Martial allows, 
The Court therefore is ordered to sit again 
immediately and to Confine the Measure of 
punishment to what the Law allows — The 
Commanding Officers of each Reg! in Generals 
Weedons and Muhlenbergs Brigades are to 
appoint an orderly Officer to visit the sick 
of the Reg! dailey and to report how they find 

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them also to examine the Condition of the 
Well, to give directions respecting their Cook- 
ing and cleaning their hutts, these reports to 
be made in writing to the Commanding Officer 
of the Reg? to be kept by him ready to be 
produced whenever called upon 



Officer for tomorrow 



L? Keith 



January 29** 1778. 

GenV Green's orders 

At a Division Court Martial whereof L! Coif 
Ballard was president held the 2i s . £ instant for 
the Tryal of prisoners Confin'd by Gen! Wee- 
don, The following Prisoners were tried Viz! 
Jeremiah Bride of the 2? Virgf Reg? Charged 
with Mutiny and desertion found guilty and 
sentenced to receive 100 Lashes on his bare 
back — Mary Johnson Charged with laying 
a plot to Desert to the Enemy found guilty 
and Sentenced to receive 100 Lashes and to 
be drum'd out of the Army by all the Drums 
and Fifes in the Division, Edward Driver of 
the 2? Virg? Reg! charged with Mutiny and 
Desertion found guilty and sentenced to be 
reprimanded by the Commanding Officer of 
the Division present when the Division is 
drawn up — The Gen! approves the sen- 
tences and orders them to be put into execu- 
tion this evening 4 oClock in front of the 
Division which is to be paraded for that 
purpose — 



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Thomas Pelton, Robert Edwards, Timothy 
Dreskill, Rich? Johnson & William Cox of 
the 2? Virgf and Andrew Welsh of the io 1 ? 
Virgf Charged with Mutiny and Desertion 
found guilty and Sentenced to receive ioo 
Lashes each — The Gen! approves the Sen- 
tences but upon recommendation of the Court 
remits the punishment and orders that the 
prisoners be released from their Confinement. 
W? M? Intosh of the 2 d Virg a Reg! John Key- 
ton of the 10 th Virg a and Ann Mf Intosh 
charged with mutiny and desertion was ac- 
quitted by the Court of the Charge exhibited 
against them — The Gen! approves the Sen- 
tences and orders them to be released from 
their Confinement — The Court Martial 
whereof L! Col? Ballard was president is 
disolved. 

Head Quarters V : F: January 29'!' J 77 8. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Green 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field Officers . . LT Col? Harmer. Maj? Sill 
B: M: Lenard 

THE Commanding Officer of each 
Brigade is to appoint a Capt? dailey 
to Visit the Sick of his Brigade in or 
near Camp, to examine whether they 
have proper attention paid them and are fur- 
nished with every thing their situation requires 
as far as circumstances will allow — Likewise 
an orderly Officer every day to inspect the 
Hutts to See whether cleanliness is observed 



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in the Soldiers Quarters and proper means 
taken to keep the roofs wheather proof. The 
Commissaries in future to Issue quart of Salt 
to every ioo 1 ! 5 fresh Beef. 

Head Quarters V: F: January jo'. h J "/ "/ '8. 

Major Gen\ tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Scott 

Field Officers .... Col? Nagle. Major Moor 
Brigade Maj r . Patterson 

AT a late Gen! Court Martial whereof 
Major Church was President the 
26\ h Instant Ensign Cook of I2 l . h 
.Pensf Reg! tried for leaving his 
Guard before properly relieved it being an 
out Guard, Pleads Guilty of a breach of the 
4 l . h Article 1^ Sec: of the Articles of war and 
unanimously sentenced to be Cashier'd with 
Infamy. The Commander in Chief aproves 
the Sentence and orders it to take place im- 
mediately — At a Gen! Court Martial whereof 
Col? Clark was President the 23? Instant Wil- 
liam M? March of Capt? Lee's compr of Ar- 
tillery tried for Desertion and stealing a horse 
from Gen! Mf Intosh acquitted of the Charge 
of Desertion but found guilty of the theft and 
Sentenced to receive 100 lashes on his bare 
back and have half his pay stop'd monthly 
from him till Gen! Mf Intosh is fully satisfied. 
The Court on account of the Prisoner here- 
tofore sustaining a good Character as a Good 
Soldier recom mend's him to his Excellency's 
Clemency with respect to his Corporal punish- 

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ment, The Commander in Chief remits the 
stripes aproves the latter part of the Sentence 
& orders it to take place. 

Head Quarters V : F : January ji'.' 1 778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Baron De Kalb 

Brigadier Vernum 

Field Officers .... Col? Vose. Major West 
Brigade Major Deye 

B: O: January 31'? 1778. 

In Consequence of Division Orders the 
28 l . h and Gen! orders the 29^ the Surgeons 
need make no returns of the Sick as Directed 
in B: O: the i8 l . h Those Officers who will 
be daily appointed for that purpose are to 
make report to the Brigadiers of all the de- 
ficiencies that may appear to them in their 
tour 

B: Ot February 1'.' 1778. 

Several Necessaries having arrived from 
Virginia for the Officers and Soldiers belong- 
ing to that State and many more daily ex- 
pected, The Gentlemen may now furnish 
themselves with Comfortable Cloathing. Offi- 
cers Commanding Reg 1 ? will have returns 
made of the necessaries wanting to Compleat 
their men immediately the Shoes are kept at 
the black Bull. 



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Head Quarters V ': F: February I s ! 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Green 

Brigadier Huntington 

Field Of r J . . Col? Bradford. Major Talbot 
B ; M : Alden 

f H — ^HE Brigade Quarter Mast? are to 
call on the Assistant Q : M : Gen! 
Officer tomorrow morning at 10 
o'Clock for their proportion of 320. 

Camp Kettles. 

IN CONGRESS June 10* 1777. 

RESOLVED That the Commissi Gen! of 
purchaces and Issues and their respective depu- 
ties for neglect of Duty or other offences in their 
respective Offices shall be subject to Military 
Arrests and trial by order of the Commander 
in Chief or any Gen! Officer Commanding a 
Division in the Army, Post or Department, 
where such neglect of duty or Offences may 
happen and their respective Assistants of the 
D : C : Gen! of purchases and Issues shall for 
the same causes be liable to Military Arrests 
as Commissi Officers in the Army by any 
Gen! Officer or any Officer Command? at a 
Detach'd Post to which Such Assistant may 
be Assigned. 

The Gen! Directs that due attention be 
paid to the above Resolve — The Gen! Court 
Martial whereof Col? Clark is President is 
hereby Disolv'd. 



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Head Quarters V ' : F : February 2 d . 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Poor 

Field Off r ; . . LT Col? Buford Major Fenew 
B: M: Marvin 

A GENERAL Court Martial whereof 
Col? Wigglesworth is appointed 
President is to sit tomorrow morn- 
ing 9 o'Clock at the Bakehouse a 
Capt? from each Brigade to attend as Mem- 
bers — The broken and worn out Axes are 
to be collected and delivered to the Brigade 
Q T . Mf They are to deliver them to the Assist! 
Ql MI Gen! at the Gen'f Office who will give 
them new ones in Exchange. 

Head Quarters V : F: February j d . 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow B : DeKalb 

Brigadier Patterson 

Field Officers . . LT Col? Davis & Major Peters 
B: M: Berryan 

A REPORT having circulated that 
Mf Jones D C : Gen. of Issues had 
granted a pass to a Woman to carry 
3o'. b Butter into Philadelphia, The 
matter has been fully inquired into and appears 
to be without foundation. 



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Head Quarters V ' : F : February 4$ 1778. 

Major Gen\ tomorrow Green 

Brigadier Wayne 

Field Off". . . . Col? Patten. Major Winslow 
B : M : Minnis 

AT a Gen! Court Martial whereof 
Col? Clark was president the 2 I s . 1 in- 
stant Charles Smith Soldier in the 
I s . 1 Jersey Reg' tried for desertion 
and inlisting again as a Substitute Acquitted — 
The Gen! approves the Sentence and orders 
him to be immediately released — The most 
pernicious consequences having arisen from 
Suffering Persons (Women in particular) to 
pass and repass from Philadelphia to Camp 
under a pretence, of coming out to visit their 
friends in the Army and returning with neces- 
saries to their families, but realy with an in- 
tent to entice the soldiers to Desert, All 
Officers are desired to use their utmost en- 
deavours to prevent Such interviews in future 
by forbidding the Soldiers under the severest 
penalties from having any comunication with 
such persons and by ordering them when 
found in Camp to be immediately turned out 
of it, — if any of them appear under peculiar 
circumstances of Suspicion they are to be 
brought to immediate trial and punishment 
if found guilty. 

February y. h J^/8. 

One Capt" from 14^ Virg? Reg! to attend im- 
mediately at the Gen! Court Martial as a 

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member in the room of Capt? Calmes who is 
unwell. Those men Confined by the Gen! in 
the Provost and sentenced by a Gen 1 Court 
Martial will be brought down this day the 
whole Brigade to be paraded at 4 o' Clock this 
afternoon to attend the punishment. 



Head Quarters V : F : February j** 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier M^ Intosh 

Field Officers . . LT Col? Begnier. Major Gilman 
B : M : Claiborne 

IN CONGRESS, June io'. h 1777. 

RESOLVED That for the future the Qf M! 
or other person drawing provision for any 
Reg! Corps or Detachment shall on the last 
day of every month make out an abstract of 
the number of retain'd Rations due to each 
Off! respectively, and also the number of each 
part of a ration due to each Reg! Corps or De- 
tachm! and deliver the Same to their respective 
Issuing Commissary, who shall compare it 
with his books, and finding it right shall cer- 
tify thereon, that the Several Charges thereon 
are just, and that such a Sum as he shall find 
to be due, should be paid to the respective 
Paymaster of the Reg! Corps on Detachment 
who shall annex the said Abstract, to the Pay 
roll that the Paymaster or Deputy P : M! : 
Gen! of the district may pay, and he is hereby 
required to pay such Ration Abstract to the 
Regimental Paymaster who is directed to pay 



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the respective Officers and Soldiers, and take 
their receipts, and when any Reg! Corp or De- 
tachment or Issuing Commissary is ordered 
to leave a post before the end of the month ; 
the Ration abstract shall be made up to the 
time of his or their leaving his Post and Certi- 
fyed by the Com!' as aforesaid. It is expected 
that due attention be paid to the foregoing 
Resolve, and no abstracts for retain'd rations, 
or back allowance be received or deemed valid 
unless Certifyed as Specifyed therein. 

Head Quarters V : F : February 6*? J 77 8. 

Major Gen I tomorrow .... Baron De Kalb 

Brigadier Maxwell 

Field Off r . s . . LT Col? Bassett. Major Conway 
B : M : M<= Cormick 




T a Gen! Court Martial whereof 
Col? Clark was Presid! Janr 27 th 
L! William Williams of the 13? 
Virg? Reg! Tried for repeatedly be- 
having Unbecoming the Character of an Officer 
and a Gentleman I s . 1 In buying a pair of Con- 
tinental shoes from a Soldier and thereby 
rendering the Soldier unfit for Service 2? for 
Messing and frequently sleeping with the 
Soldiers taking their bread and not returning 
it by which the .soldiers suffered for Hunger 
Acquitted of the Charge of Taking the sol- 
diers Bread But found guilty of not behaving 
in the Character of an Officer or Gent? and 
buing a pair of Continental Shoes from a 
Soldier and frequently Messing and sleeping 



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with the Soldiers Being a Breach of the 21 s . 1 
Art! Sect" 14^ of the Articles of War and Sen- 
tenced to be discharged from the service. His 
Excellency the Corny in Chief approves the Sen- 
tence and orders it to take place immediately 

Head Quarters V : F : February 7** 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Green 

Brigadier Weedon 

Field Off". . LT Col? Barber. Major Burkhard 
B: M: M c Gowen 

THE Brigade Majors of the day 
in future take the names of the 
Officers who mount Guard, the 
names of the Guards they are ap- 
pointed to Com? and the Brigade to which 
they belong, likewise the names of the Ser- 
jeants who are to attend as orderly at the 
Adjud! Gen 1 . 3 Quarters and their respective 
Reg' who are regularly to be brought on the 
parade at Guard mounting, Those names to 
be delivered to the Adjud' Gen! at orderly 
time. 

Head Quarters V ': F : February 8'. h 1778. 
Major Gen\ tomorrow ..... Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field Off". . . . Col? Webb. LT Col? Ray 
B: M: Paskill 

THE Gen! Officers are requested to 
meet at 10 o'Clock tomorrow morn- 
ing at General Vernum's Quarters to 
take into Consideration the property 
(sic) of altering the present Rations — The 

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Comissary Gen! proposes that instead of the 
ration heretofore Issued there should be Issued 
a pound and a half of flouer one lb Beef or 
^ Salt pork and a certain Quantity of Spirits 
Mf Blaine will attend this meeting. Officers 
who are desirous of takeing Commissions in 
the Companies of Sappirs under the Com- 
mand of Brigade Gen! Deportail and possesses 
the necessary Qualifications, such as knowledge 
practical Geometry and drawing will give in 
their names at the Adjud! Gen! Quarters. 
3 Capt n 3.1 s . 1 L! 3. 2? are wanting. 
In future the Reveille to Beat at day Break 
the Troop at 8 in the morning the retreat at 
Sun Set & Tattoo at 9 in the Evening to 
render this duty uniform, The Drummers 
Call to Beat at the right of the first line and 
answered throughout that Line, then through 
the second and Corps of Artillery beginning 
at the left, The reserve shall follow the second 
Line immediately upon this three Rolls to 
begin and run through in like manner as the 
Call, Then all the Drums of the Army at the 
Heads of their Respective Corps shall go 
through the regular Beats Ceasing upon the 
right which will be a sign for the whole to 
Cease. 

At a Gen! Court Martial whereof Col? Proctor 
was President held Feb?" 5? Lieut! Guy of 
Col? Lambs Reg! of Artillery, Tried for ab- 
senting himself from Camp without Leave 
being guilty of theft and other behaviour un- 
becoming the Character of a Gent" and an 



[«5] 



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Officer found guilty of unGentleman Unofficer 
like behaviour in absenting himself from Camp 
without Leave Associating himself with a pri- 
vate Soldier, Robery and Infamously stealing 
Unanimously sentenced to have his sword 
broke over his Head on the grand parade at 
Guard mounting that he be discharged from 
the Reg! and rendered incapable of serving any 
more as an Officer in the Army and that it be 
deemed a crime of the blackest die In Officers 
or even soldiers to Associate with him after 
the Execution of this just and mild punish- 
ment His Excell/. The Com' in Chief ap- 
proves the sentence and orders it to take place 
tomorrow morning at Guard mounting. At 
a General Court Martial whereof Col° Clark 
was President. Tho! Butler an Inhabitant 
of the State of Pensylvania tried for attempt- 
ing to Carry flour into Philadelphia found 
guilty of the Charge, being a breach of a re- 
solve of Congress 8 l . h Oct! 1777. extended by 
another resolution made for Cutting off all 
Communication of Supplies or Intelligence to 
the Enemy's Army and sentenced to receive 
250 Lashes on his bare back. At the same 
Court Tho! Ryan an Inhabitant of the State 
of Pensylvania tried for being taken the 
night of the 13^ Jan. 7 . last in Comp 7 with 
Tho! Butler with 8 Q" of Mutton and a Bull 
Beef on his way into Philadelphia found guilty 
of the Charge being a breach of the resolution 
of Congress above mentioned and sentenced 
to pay the Sum of £50 and to be confin'd 

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in the Provost Guard house 'till that Sum is 
paid to the Adjud! Gen! to be applied for the 
use of the sick in Camp — 

At the same Court the 23 Ult! W? Mad- 
dock Inhabitant of the State of Pensylvania 
tried for attempting to Drive Cattle into 
Philad? found guilty of the Charge being a 
breach of the resolution of Congress afore 
mentioned and sentenced to pay the Sum of 
100 Pounds to be Confined in the Provost 
Guard untill that sum is paid in the manner 
aforesaid. At the Same Court the 26\ h Ult° 
Joseph Edwards an Inhabitant of the State of 
Pensylvania for attempting to drive Cattle 
into the Enemy found guilty of the Charge 
and sentenced to pay the Sum of ^100 and to 
be confined in the provost untill that Sum is 
paid to the Adjud! Gen! out of which 20 dollars 
shall be paid to each of the Light horsemen 
who apprehended the prisoner as an en- 
couragement of their activity and good Con- 
duct and the residue of the Sum to be applied 
for the use of the Sick in Camp — At a Gen! 
Court Martial whereof Colonel Wigglesworth 
was Presid! Feb/. 4^ Philip Kirk tried for sup- 
plying the Enemy with Cattle Found Guilty 
and Sentenced to be Confin'd in some Goal in 
Pensylvania during the Enemies Staying and 
both his real and personal Estate betaken 
from him for the Use of the United States of 
America. — At the Same Court John Wil- 
liamson tried for supplying the Enemy with 
Cattle found Guilty of the charge and sen- 

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tenced to receive 250 Lashes on his bare back 
well laid on — 

At the Same Court David Dunn tryed for 
supplying the enemy with Cattle found guilty 
and Sentenced to receive 200 Lashes on his 
bare back well laid on — At the Same Court 
James Brown tried for communication with 
the City of Philadelphia Acquitted — At the 
Same Court Jacob Gibbons tried for selling 
sheep to a Butcher in Philad* Acquitted Also 
Daniel Williamson tried for attempting to 
take a number of Sheep into Philad? found 
guilty and Sentenced to receive 200 Lashes. — 
The Commander in Chief approves the 
foregoing Sentences as far as relate to Corp! 
Punishment and Imprisonment, but remits 
the remainder being of opinion that Confisca- 
tion of property is a matter not cognizable by 
Martial Law the Sentence of whipping to be 
put in execution tomorrow morning on the 
Grand parade at Guard mounting. A Sur- 
geon from Gen! Patterson's Brigade to attend 
and See that the Criminals do not receive more 
stripes than their strength will bear — To- 
morrow being the Day appointed for opening 
the Market at the Stone Chimney Pickett, the 
Army is desired to take notice of the same. 
Marckets will be held at the same place every 
monday and Thursday on the East side of 
Schuilkill, Near the North Bridge every Tues- 
day and Friday near the Adjud' Gen 1 ? Office 
Every Wednesday and Saturday. 
Certain prices having been fixed to the several 

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Articles mentioned in the hand bill By the 
Board of Gen! Officers the same are to be 
strictly attended to printed Hand Bills with 
the Regulations at large will be delivered by 
the Adjud! General to the Brigadiers and 
Officers Commanding Brigades who are de- 
sired to See that the same may be read at the 
h? of each Reg! in the Brigade and Endeavour 
to Convince the Officers & Soldiers of the 
necessity and expediency of observing the same 
punctuality. As a proper person for a Clerk 
of the Market is not yet appointed the Officer 
Commanding the Piquett at the Stone Chim- 
ney is desired to see the Regulations of the 
observed he is also desired to distribute the 
Handbills amongst the market people who at- 
tend it is expected that the number will be but 
few Tomorrow as the Notice is not had suffi- 
cient time to Circulate through the Country. 

Head Quarters V : F: February p? 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow B : De Kalb 

Brigadier Scott 

Field Off: 1 . . . Col? Biggalow. Maj? Haws 

B: M: Bailey 

For Detachment Col? Levingston, 

LT Col? Bonner, Maj? Taylor 

A COURT of enquiry to Set imme- 
diately on the Conduct of Ensign 
Hudson of the 6\ h Virgf Reg! L! 
, Col? Parker is appointed President 
one L! from 2? one from io l . h two from 6 1 ! 1 and 
2 from i4 r . h Reg 1 . 3 Members The Court to Sit 
at the Presidents Quarters. 

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B: O. 



Head Quarters V : F : February io'^ I/fB. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow 

Brigadier 

Field Officers . . . 

B: Major 

THE Regimental Paymasters who 
have not yet received the pay of 
their Respective Regiments for the 
month of Nov! last to Call on the 
Paymaster Gen! tomorrow morning and re- 
ceive the Same. The Meeting of the Gen! 
Officers mention'd in orders of the 8 l . h Instant 
is pospouned till tomorrow morning 10 "Clock 
when it is desired they will attend at the place 
therein mentioned — M. T . Joseph Ogden is 
App? Clerk of the Market & is to be Re- 
spected as Such — The Commissary Gen! will 
Issue a Jill of rum or whiskey P man for the 
Troops Tomorrow. — 

In Case any Field Officer Ordered on Duty 
shall not be able to attend he will Notifie the 
Brigade Major of the Brigade to which he be- 
longs thereof Immediately who is to Appoint 
another of the same Brigade in his stead but 
if there be no other fit for Duty to relieve 
him Notice thereof to be sent to the Adjud! 
Gen! as Soon as possible that another may be 
app? in his room. 

February u 1 ? 1778. — 

A Brigade Gen! Court Martial to sit at 10 
o'Clock for trial of Ensign Hudson of the 
6 l . h Virg? Reg! Major Hopkins is appf Presi- 

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dent of this Court — Two Lieut" from the 
2? Two from the 6 1 ? Four from the io 1 ! 1 Three 
from the 14* & one from the 13^ Pens? 
Members The Court to Sit at the Presidents 
Quarters all Evidences to attend. 

Head Quarters V : F: February u t . h 1778. 

Major Genl tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Huntington 

Field Off:' . . LT Col? Buford. Major Vernum 
B: M: Lenard 

A REPRESENTATION having 
been made by the Capt? in the 
Pens? Line against the promotion of 
Michael Ryan Esq' to the Majority 
of a Regiment as irregular he is suspended 
from doing duty in that rank 'till the matter 
can be adjusted by a proper Board of Officers — 
At a Division Court martial whereof L' Col? 
Sprout was President Feb?' c/. h Capt" Israel 
Davis of Col? Wigglesworth Reg* tried for 
fraudulently detaining two months pay drawn 
by him belonging to Giles Tibbits a soldier 
to the great Damage of s? Soldier 2? for De- 
taining a Sum of money about the value of 
6o£ Masschusets Currency the property of 5 
Soldiers being money due to them as a hire 
from the Town, of Newberry, Acquitted of 
the first part of the charge but found guilty 
of the Second Being a breach of the 4^ Article 
& 12* Sect" of the Articles of War and Sen- 
tenced to be Cashiered and to Refund the 
Money To Thomas & William Clark to each 

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B: 0; 



£i$ — To Hollis Hutchings, Reuben Kin- 
kale and Benjamin Fletcher to each j£io — 
and that his pay be stop'd to make good those 
Sums. 

The Commander in Chief approves the Sen- 
tence and orders it to take place immediately. 

Head Quarters V : F: February I2 t . h J 77 8. 

Major Gen 1 tomorrow B : De Kalb 

Brigadier Patterson 

Field Of:' . . . LT Col? Ray y Major Cabbel 
Brigade Majl Patterson 

AT a Gen! Court Martial whereof 
Col? Wigglesworth was Presid! Feb y 
6\ h Capt? Zane tried upon appeal to 
a Gen! Court Martial for acting in 
a Cowardly manner when Sent with a scout- 
ing party on the 13'? of Ded last in ordering 
his men to retreat when he had considerable 
advantage over the enemy again found guilty 
of the Charge being a breach of the 13? article 
13'? Sect? of the Articles of War and Sen- 
tenced to be discharged from the service 

At the same Court U. Richard Whitbee 
tried upon appeal for acting in an ungentle- 
man like manner and incouraging theft in the 
Army, Acquitted, The Commander in Chief 
approves the sentence and orders that Capt? 
Zane be immediately discharged from the ser- 
vice and L! Whitbee Released from his arrest 

February I2'. h 1778. 

At a Brigade Gen! Court Martial whereof 
Major Hopkins was President, Ensign Hud- 

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son of 6'? V? Reg' tried for emblezzeling the 
Effects of a Dead Soldier and theft was by the 
Unanimous opinion of the Court Acquitted 
of the Charge against him — The Gen! ap- 
proves the Sentence and orders Ensign Hud- 
son to be released from his arrest imediat y 

Head Quarters V : F : February IJ*? 1 778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier M9 Intosh 

Field Officers . . . Major Hopkins & Major Sill 
B: M: Stagg 

Head Quarters V: F : February 14 th 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow De Kalb 

Brigadier Maxwell 

Field Officers . LT Col? Brewster & Major Moore 
B:M: Day 



February 14$ 1 778. B : O, 

The Court of Enquiry that sat on the 
Conduct of U. Epps and L' Terry having 
found nothing against them they therefore 
stand acquitted of the Charge and are directed 
to do duty in the Line. 

February zf* h 1778. B: O. 

A Brigade Gen! Court martial to Sit this 
day at I2 1 ? o'Clock for the Trial of L! Broad- 
water L! Coffer & Lieut 1 Rust of the io 1 ? 
Virg? Reg! U Col? Buford is Appointed Presid! 
of this Court — The Court is to sit at the 
Presidents Quarters, All witnesses to attend 



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Head Quarters V ': F: February ij'. h 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field Off'. 1 . . . LT Col? Harley. Major Hill 
B: M: Johnston 

AS the publick teams are now im- 
ployed and the troops are now in 
want of Straw, the Commander in 
Chief orders that they should be 
furnished with every necessary that will make 
them comfortable, desires the Brigadiers and 
Officers Commanding Brigades each to send 
out a sufficient party properly Officered to 
procure Straw, and impress Waggons to hall 
it to camp where they will deliver it to 
their respective Brigade Quart' Masters who 
are to make a just distribution to their 
Several Regiments according to the number 
at present. The Gen! Officers are desired to 
meet at Gen! Sullivan's Quarters tomorrow 
morning 10. o'Clock to take into Considera- 
tion and determine upon the memorial of the 
Capt n . s of the Pens 1 ! Line against the Promo- 
tion of Michael Ryan Esq' to the Majority 
of the Reg! & to settle the Rank of Capt? 
Grears — Pay rolls immediately to be made 
out for the month extraordinary pay men- 
tioned in order of 3* January last given as a 
reward to the virtuous patience and the Zeal 
of the troops under their present inconvenient 
situation to comprehend all Officers and men 
in the 29 of last December, the time the reso- 
lution was past and Such as may have since 

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Join'd the Army to the date of the pay rols, 
this however is not meant to be final — or to 
exclude those who hereafter may assert a rea- 
sonable Claim to the benefit of the resolve — 
Difficulties having arisen as to the Construc- 
tion of it which have been submitted to Con- 
gress, and it is not to be doubted they will 
give a liberal Explanation. 

Head Quarters V : F: February i6'. h i/yS 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Scott 

Field Off: 1 Col? Broadwater. Ly Col? Sprout 
B: M: Ogden 

Head Quarters V ': F: February if{ h 1778. 

Major Gen\ tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Vernum 

Field Off:' L? Col? Weysenfels. Major Talbott 
B: M: Marvin 

AT a Division Court Martial whereof 
L! Col? Sprout was president Feb?; 
13* 1778. U Austin Alden of 
Col? Brewers Reg! tried for behav- 
ing in many Instances unbecoming the Char- 
acter of an Officer or a Gentleman i 8 . 1 in taking 
Jack Browns Allowance of Whiskey drinking 
it and then refusing to pay for it i\ in Mess- 
ing frequently drinking and sleeping with the 
Soldiers 3 d . 1 ? In writing Petitions for the Sol- 
diers and taking pay for the Same — Unani- 
mously found guilty of the whole of the 
Charges and sentenced to be discharged from 
the Service — 



C 2 35 ] 



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The Commander in Chief approves the 
Sentence and orders him immediately to leave 
Camp, and his Commission to be taken from 
him by the Commanding Officer of the Reg' 

Head Quarters V: F : February i8'. h iy/8. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Huntington 

Field Off:' . . LT Col? Linley. Major Mullin 
B: M: Minniss 

AT a Brigade Court Martial whereof 
U Col? Buford was preside Feb? i6\ h 
L! John Rust of the io l . h Virg! Reg! 
tried at the request of Lieut! Broad- 
water for abusively agravating him the said 
Broadwater to strike him for getting drunk 
and playing Cards and Beating Capt" Laird 
on the Sabbath Day whilst the said Capt". 
Laird was under an arrest being a breach of 
the 2i t . h Article 14 1 ! 1 Sect" of the Articles of 
war, also a breach of Gen! Orders and Sen- 
tenced to be discharged from the service, but 
as L! Rust has formerly borne the Character 
of a good Officer, The Court are pleased to 
recommend him to the Consideration of his 
Excellency to have him reinstated in his rank. 
The Commander in Chief approves the sen- 
tence is concern'd he cannot Reinstate L! Rust 
in Compliance of the recommendation of the 
Court founded upon his former good Charac- 
ter as an Officer his Behaviour in the several 
instances alledged to be so flagrant and scan- 
dalous that the General thinks his Continu- 



[*3«] 



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BOOK 



ance in the Service would be disagreeable to 
it — And as one part of his Charge against 
him was gaming, that alone would exclude him 
from all Indulgence — the Vice is so perni- 
cious a nature that it never will escape the 
severest punishments with his approbation 
The orders of yesterday with respect to the 
late L! Austin Alden's Commission being 
taken from him is meant to be applied in all 
Cases where Officers are — Cashiered or dis- 
charged from the Service by Sentence of a 
Court Martial. The Gen! Officers are desired 
to meet at Gen! Sullivan's Q? Tomorrow 
morning at 10 o'Clock for the same purpose 
as requested in orders the 15^ Instant, The 
Captains in the Pens 3 . Line who presented 
the memorial therein mentioned likewise the 
Majors who have been promoted in that Line 
since the Commencement of the year 1777 
are desired to give their attendance at the 
time and place mentioned. 



A Return of those men who have not had 
the small pox in the Brigade to be made 
immediately to the Brigade Major — Lieu- 
tenants Coffer and Broadwater of the io l . h 
Virgf Reg! are released from their Arrest and 
ordered to do duty in the Line 



B: o. 



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Head Quarters V : F : February jp'fi j 778. 

Major Gen 1 . Tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Patterson 

Field Officers LT Col? Brooks 

B: M: Claiborne 

Head Quarters V : F; February 20{ h 1778. 

Major Gen 1 tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier M? Intosh 

Field Officers . . L? Col? Star. Maj? Pawling 
B: M: M? Cormick 

ABOARD of General Officers held 
Febr 19? 1778 : To take into Con- 
sideration the Promotion of Major 
Ryan, and after having heard the 
reasons for and against it are of opinion that 
his promotion to the rank of Major in the 
io l . h Pensylvania Reg' is irregular — The 
Commander in Chief is therefore obliged to 
Superceed the Appointment of the s? Ryan 
in the s? Reg' The same Board likewise took 
into Consideration the memorial of Capt" 
James Grear after hearing his alligations in 
Support of it, and what the Majors in the 
Pens? line Promoted in the year 77. had to 
offer are of opinion that though Capt" Grear 
stood fair for promotion on the 3? day of 
Jan^ 76, Yet as he was not promoted to fill 
up the vacancy which then existed untill the 
y 1 ^ day of March following and as agreeable 
to the then Regulations of the Army he 
could not take rank from the time of the 
Vacancy's happening only but from the time 

[238] 



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of his Appoint He has not a Just Claim to 
take rank of the Majors App? in the State 
of Pens? in the year 77. Capt! 1 Grear will 
therefore consider the settlement of his rank 
as final — 

Head Quarters V ': F : February 21 s ! 1778 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Maxwell 

Field Officers .... Major Sneed & Maj? Hay 
B: M: M<? Gowen 

Head Quarters V : F : February 22 d . 1778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field Officers . . . Li Col? Bassett. Maj? Hull 
B: M: Bailey 

THE Commissary Gen! is if pos- 
sible to keep the Camp well su- 
plied with Rice for the use of the 
Sick, If Rice cannot be had, Indian 
Meal must be provided in its place and as 
this is an Article that can at all times and 
under all circumstances be had no Excuse 
will be admitted for the neglect. He is every 
monday to make a return of all his Issues 
in the whole of the week and of his stock 
on hand in Camp and on the first day of 
every month the Issues in the month proceed- 
ing are to be carefully made out and forwarded 
to the Commissi Gen! who is to return the 
whole in one view as soon after as possible to 
the Commander in Chief — A Monthly re- 
turn is also to be made of the Quantity of 

1*39] 



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provision and other Articles in the Com- 
missaries Department — 

Head Quarters V : F : February 23 d . 1778 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Green 

Brigadier Scott 

Field Officers . . Li Col? Mead fcf Maj? Finner 
B: M: Leonard 

RIGADIERS and Officers Com- 
manding Brigades to meet tomorrow 
morning 10 o'Clock at Gen! Sullivan's 
Quarters to make a just distribution 
of the Cloathing in the Cloathiers Gen 1 , de- 
partment now in Camp, and near at hand on 
its way to it, in proportion of the real neces- 
sities of the men in order to which The Com- 
manding Officers of Regiments and Corps 
are to make an Exact return of the wants of 
their men, to their respective Brigadiers or 
Officers Commanding Brigades, before the 
time proscribed for their meeting the Board 
in their Distribution are to have particular 
regard to the Artillery, and other Corps not 
attached to any particular State, having con- 
sequently no Chance for other supplies and 
are to make them an allowance Accordingly, 
The Officer Commanding Morgan's Light 
Corps will furnish the Board with a return 
of the wants of the men under his Command. 
Regimentally adjusted for which they have 
to make as generous and effectual provision 
as Circumstances will permit, this is not 
meant to exclude them from a Share in the 



[240] 



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State Cloathing, which has been or may be 
furnished, but on the Contrary, the Brigadiers 
are Directed to see that strict Justice be done 
them in this, Respective Duplicates of the 
Returns to be made to the Command? Officers 
of the respective Reg 1 . 8 from which these men 
were draughted who are to take proper notice 
of the Same in their Regimental Accounts. 

Head Quarters V : F : February 24*! 1 1 778. 

Major Gen 1 . Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Varnum 

Field Officers . . Col? Greyson <Sv Maj? Murphy 
B: M: Patterson 

Head Quarters V : F : February 25* 1778. 

Major Gen 1 . Green 

Brigadier Huntington 

Field officers . LT Col? Littlefield Maj? Linslow 
B: M: Stagg 

AT a Gen 1 . Court Martial whereof 
Col? Courtland was president held 
the i6 l . h February U. Tipton of 12 
. Virgf Reg! tried for gaming and 
behaving unbecomming the Character of an 
Officer or a Gentleman and acquitted of the 
Charge Exhibited against him. 

The General cannot perceive upon what 
principal the Court Acquitted U Tipton, hav- 
ing been clearly convicted of Gameing which 
is a breach palpable of Gen 1 . Orders prohibit- 
ing it in every form and is therefore obliged 
to disaprove the Sentence. Yet as L! Tipton 
has under gone his tryal and it would be 

[16] [ 241 ] 



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B: O. 



improper to bring him to a second, He is 
of Course to be released from his Arrest. 

The Brigadiers and Officers Commanding 
Brigades In pursuance of yesterday's Orders 
have made a distribution of the Cloathing, 
The Commanding Off" of Reg? and Corps 
may have their respective proportions by 
applying to the Commissary of Cloathing. 

Head Quarters V ; F : February 26? 1 778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Patterson 

Field Off r J . . LT Col? Barber Major Gilman 
B: Ms Day 

CAPT N D : Duvall and Adjud! Mar- 
skill are to act as Brigade Majors 
The I s . 1 in Gen! M? Intoshes and 
the second in Gen! Patterson's Bri- 
gades, 'till the return of Brigade Majors 
Berryan & Mf Clure — 

February 26'. h 1778. 

The Q Masters of the different Reg? of 
Gen! Weedon's Brigade to see that the Vaults 
of their Respective Reg? to which they be- 
long are filled up and new ones dug the 
Brigade Q T . master to See that this order is 
put in Execution — The Officers Command- 
ing Regiments in the Brigade are requested 
to give most positive orders that the men 
belonging to their different Corps do not ease 
themselves about the Camp but go to the 
Vaults otherwise the Camp will be unsuffer- 

[ 242 ] 



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able from the Stench when the warm weather 
comes on and very prejudicial to the health 
of the Soldiery — 



Head Quarters V ; F '„• February 27^ 1 77 8. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Green 

Brigadier M? Intosh 

Field Officers . . . Col? Webb Major Burckard 
B ; M : Johnson 

February 27? 78. 

Colonel Stewart has been much surprised 
to find so little attention paid to the orders 
Issued by Gen! Weedon, respecting the Sick 
of the Brigade. The Colonel now positively 
orders the Captain whose duty it is to visit 
the Sick of the Brigade to deliver in his 
report by 9 o'Clock the following morning to 
which he was appointed to the above duty, 
otherwise they may depend upon being called 
to a Severe Account as it is a duty the utmost 
importance in the Army. 

The Brigade is to be mustered on the 
first day of March when it is expected it will 
be ready — The Muster Master Gen! desires 
that for the future one roll should be made 
out before the day of Muster which roll is to 
be Corrected by the Deputy M : Master and 
then to be return'd to the Officers Command- 
ing Companies to make these Rolls there- 
from, All Rolls Blotted, Dirty and not made 
according to Gen! orders will be refused by 
the D M M. 

[ 2 43 ] 



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Head Quarters V ' i F : February 28 '** 1 778. 

Major Gen 1 . Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Maxwell 

Field Officers .... Col? Shreve LT Col? Burr 
B : M; Paskill 

Head Quarters V : F: March z 3 .' 1 778. 

Major Gen 1 . Green 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field Officers . . . Col? Becker fcf Major Grey 
B: M: Mervin 

THE Commander in Chief takes 
this Occasion to return his warmest 
Thanks to the Virtuous Officers 
and Soldiers of this Army for that 
persevering fidelity and Zeal which they have 
uniformly manifested in all their Conduct from 
their fortitude, not only under the Common 
hardships Incident to a Military life, but 
also under the additional sufferings to which 
the peculiar situation of these States have 
exposed them clearly proves them to be men 
worthy of the Envyable priviledge, Contend- 
ing for the Rights of human nature, The 
Freedom and Independance of the Country 
the recent Instance of uncomplaining patience 
during the late scarcity of provision in Camp 
is a fresh proof that they possess an eminent 
degree the spirit of Soldiers and the Mag- 
nanimity of Patriots. The few Refractory 
Individuals who disgraced themselves by 
murmering it is to be hoped have repented 
such unmanly behaviour and resolved to em- 

[244 J 



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ulate the noble Example of their associates 
upon every trial which the Customary Casual- 
ties of war may hereafter throw in their way. 
Occasional distress for want of provision and 
other necessaries is a spectacle that occurs in 
every Army and perhaps there never was one 
which has been in General so plentiful supply'd 
in respect to the former as ours. Surely 
we who are free Citizens inf arms Engaged 
in Struggle for every thing Valuable in Society 
and partaking in the Glorious task in laying 
the foundation of an Empire should scorne 
Effeminately to shrink under those Accidents 
and rigours of war, which Mercinary hirelings 
fighting in the Cause of lawless ambition, 
Rapine Devastation, Encounter with Cheer- 
fulness and Elacrity. We should not mearly 
be equal, we should be superior to them in 
every qualification that dignifies the man or 
Soldier in proportion as the motives from 
which we act and the final hopes of our toils 
are superior to theirs — Thank Heaven our 
Country abounds with provisions and with 
prudent management we need not apprehend 
want for any length of time, Defects in the 
Commissaries Department, Contingencies of 
weather and other Temporary Empedements 
have subjected and may again subject us to 
deficiency in a few days But Soldiers Ameri- 
can Soldiers will dispise the meanness of Re- 
pining at such trifling strockes of Adversity, 
Triffling Indeed when compared with the 
Transcendent prize which will undoubtedly 



l>45] 



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crown their patience and perseverance, Glory 
and freedom, peace & plenty to themselves and 
Comunity — The Admiration of the World, 
the love of their Country and the gratitude of 
posterity. Your General unceasingly employs 
his thoughts on the means of releaving your 
distresses ; suply your wants and bringing your 
labours to a speedy and prosperous Issue — 
Our Parent Country he hopes will second his 
endeavours by the most vigorous exertions 
and he is convinced that faithful Officers and 
soldiers Associated with him in the great 
work in rescuing their Country from Bondage 
and Misery will continue in the display of that 
patriotick Zeal which is capable of smooth- 
ing every difficulty and vanquishing every 
obstacle. 

At a Brigade Court Martial held the if} 
Febr 78. whereof Col? Burr was President 
U William Ball of the i2 l . h Pens? Reg! Tried 
for disobedience of orders Insolence and un- 
gentleman like behaviour, The Court after 
mature Deliberation on the Evidence pro- 
duced are clearly and unanimously of opinion 
that L! Ball is not guilty and do Unani- 
mously Acquit him with the highest Honour 
of all and every the Charges exhibited against 
him the Court do further unanimously agree 
and determine that the Charges each and all 
of them are groundless, frivolous & malicious, 
that L! Ball's behaviour was truly Gentleman 
like his attention and obedience to orders 
exemplary and his conduct deserving applause 

O46] 



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rather than Censure — The Commander in 
Chief, Confirms the opinion of the Court and 
orders Lieut! Ball to be immediately released 
from his Arrest. At a Gen! Court Martial 
whereof Col? Courtland was President Feb?" 
24 l . h Joseph Worrell an Inhabitant of the State 
tried for giving Intelligence to the Enemy 
and for Acting as a Guide and pilote to the 
Enemy The Court are of opinion that the 
prisoner is Guilty of Acting as a Guide to 
the Enemy and do acquit him of the other 
charge agains him, They do upwards of two 
thirds agree, Sentence him to Suffer death. 

His Excellency the Commander in Chief 
approves the sentence and orders Joseph 
Worrell to be executed next Tuesday 10 
o'Clock in the forenoon. 



Head Quarters Valley Forge March 2* 1 778. 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Scott 

Field Officers . . LT Col? Russell & 

£. M Minnis 

THE General Court Martial whereof 
Col? Courtlandt was Pres! is De- 
solv'd and another order'd to sit 
Tomorrow 10 °C1. A. M. whereof 
Col? Chandler is President. Each Brigade 
a Captain as Members 

The Execution of John Warrel is post- 
pon'd to a future day 



[ 2 47] 



VALLEY 



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Head Quarters Valley Forge 3? March Iff 8 

Major Gen 1 . Greene. 

Brigadier Scott. 

. . . Col? North £9* Major Haws. 
M. B Claiborne 

A GUARD House at yf new Bridge 
over Schuylkill is to be Immediately 
built on this Side. The Officer 
.of yf Guard is to Suffer no N. 
Commission'd Officer or Soldier to pass from 
yf Camp without leave in Writeing from yf 
Commanding Officer of his Regiment. The 
Ql M' General is to delay no time in having 
yf house built. 

The General is Inform'd that notwith- 
standing the repeated orders which have been 
Issued to prevent Soldiers from Straggling 
that the Country round about yf Camp, & 
to a considerable distance, is full of them, 
He once more calls upon yf Officers Com- 
manding Regim 1 ? and Companies to attend to 
this matter — as well to prevent yf mischiefs 
resulting from this pernicious practice to yf 
Inhabitants — as to be prepar'd at all times 
against any sudden attempt of yf Enemy. 
He has no doubt, but that every Brigadier 
and Officer Commanding a Brigade has taken 
proper pains to show every Reg' its proper 
alarm posts to which they are to repair upon 
any alarm at yf Fireing of yf usual Signal 
Gunns. 

All yf Major & Brigadier Generals are to 
meet at L? Sterlings Quarters at 10 °C1 ToirJ 

[248 J 



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A. M. when they will take into considera- 
tion a claim of Rank by Gen'f Muhlenburg, 
Weedon, Woodford, & Scott, according to 
case Stated, and such papers as are refered 
to in it — which will be transfer'd & Re- 
ported — Their opinion, as to yf proceedings, 
they shall hold with respect to each other. 

Head Quarters Valley Forge. 4'* March 2 "] "j '8 

Major General L? Stirling 

Brigdl Huntington 

. Col? Bradford LT Col? Brewster 
B. Major M? Cowin 

AS yf Field Officers of yf day are so 
busily employ'd in visiting yf Guards 
yf day they are on Duty, as not to 
be able to wait on yf Gen! — 
He desires yf pleasure of their Company, 
to dine with him the day after reliev'd. 

Head Quarters Valley Forge — ^ March 1778 

Major Gen 1 . Greene 

Brigadier Poor 

. . Col? Russel, LT Col? Harney 
B. Major M? Gowin 

AS persons, Inhabitants of this State, 
are often brought & Lodg'd in yf 
Provost Guard, upon charge of be- 
ing disaffected — or for other reasons 
which upon Examination before a Court Mar- 
tial appeard groundless, and those Persons 
consequently subjected to needless Imprison- 
ment — The Commander in Chief therefore, 

[ 2 49] 



VALLEY 



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desires that in future, the Adjutant General 
will before commitment, refer the cases of 
such as appear to him not to come under 
Cognizance for a breach of a late act of Con- 
gress for punishing Persons for going in, or 
comeing out of Philadelphia, for certain pur- 
poses therein discrib'd to yf Judge Advocate, 
in order that if he does not think the charges 
well supported by yf Evidence, the Prisoners 
may be immediately discharged. 



Head Quarters — Valley Forge. 6*} March 78. 

Major General L? Stirling 

Brig r . Muhlenburg 

. Ly Col? Buford Broomfield 
B. Major DeuVall 

Head' Quarters Valley Forge — 7** March 78 

Major General Greene 

Brigadier Patterson 

. . . . LT Col? Ray — Major Porter 
B. Major Bailey 

THE Commander in Chief orders & 
Directs that captures of Provisions, 
actually going into Philadelphia, 
must be made under the Eye, and 
by the approbation of a Commission'd officer, 
and no forfeitures will otherwise take place. 
Provisions so taken, will be for yf benefit 
of yf Captures, and on authentic certificates of 
their being properly taken of yf officers Com- 
manding Parties, and deliver'd to y? Commis- 
sary of Purchases in Camp, will pay for them. 

L>5o] 



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All officers are strictly enjoin'd to use yf 
greatest caution in yf matter, that It may not 
be made a pretext for plundering and Injur- 
ing the well effected Inhabitants. 

Head Quarters. Valley Forge. 8*? March 78 

Major General Sullivan 

Brig r . M? Intosh 

Li Col? Weysenfeildtz — Major Hughlins 
B. Major Learned 

When officers from y? Brigade are ap- 
pointed for duty, they are to attend on yf 
Brigade Parade and march from thence with 
yf men. 

The officers Commanding Regiments are 
desir'd to give strict charge to their men to 
abstain from easing themselves on, and dirty- 
ing the Front of yf Encampment, as the con- 
sequence will be fatal to the health, in the 
warm season which is approaching fast. 

Head Quarters. Valley Forge. 9'!* March f8. 

Major General Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Woodford 

. . L? Col? Davis — Major Talbot 
B. Major Stagge 

THE Cloathier General will have 
particular regard to Morgan's Corps 
— The Artillery — The 16 addi- 
tional Battalions — and the N. Car- 
olina Brigades — when yf next supply of 
Cloathing arrives — as yf former are not pro- 
vided for by any State, and yf latter are so far 



B. O. 



VALLEY FORGE 

distant from their own, that they have not 
receiv'd any supply from thence. 

Head Quarters. Valley Forge. io'. h March 78. 

Maj T . Gen 1 . Green 

Brigadier Varnum 

. . . . . . Col? Ogden Maj? Thair 

B. Major Day 

THE month's Extraordinary pay 
and for the month Dec! may be 
received at the Pay Master Gen 1 ? he 
having been prevented paying it this 
day agreeable to Yesterday's after Orders — 
At a Gen! Court Martial whereof Col? Tupper 
was president 8 1 ! 1 Ins! L! Tilton of the 12 th 
Virginia Reg! tried for Embezzleing The 
Country's Clothing drawn for the Soldiers in 
the Compy to which he belongs — 2? 
2?ly for taking a blanket from William Smith 
fifer in the s? Company by which means he 
suffered much the Court are of opinion that 
L! Tilton is not Guilty of the Charges ex- 
hibited against him and do Acquit him the 
Comm? in Chief Confirms the Opinion and 
Orders Lieutenant Tilton to be discharg'd 
from his Arrest — at a Brigade Court Mar- 
tial whereof Maj! Buckard was president 6^ 
Ins! Mf Robertson adjut! of the 13? Virg* 
Reg! Try'd with his own Consent for en- 
couraging a Soldier's Wife to Sell liquors in 
Gen! Mulenburgh's Brigade without leave 
Also for taking the liquors after they were 
Seized by Order of the Commanding officer 

[252 J 



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of the Brigade and Saying it should not be 
taken away and for Repeatedly geting Drunk 
and behaving in an Ungentlemanlike manner — 
the Court are of Opinion that M! Robertson 
is guilty of detaining and Using liquors Seiz'd 
by the Commanding Officer of the Brigade 
and Saying it should not be taken away and 
Sentence him to be Repremanded in Brigade 
Orders for so doing, and Acquit him of the 
other Charges The Comm! in Chief approves 
the Sentence and Orders it to take place as 
soon as may be — At a Gen! Court martial 
whereof Col.° Bradley was president 13 Ins? 
Lieut! French tried for refusing to do duty 
in positive terms when properly warn'd The 
Court are of opinion that Lieut! French is not 
Guilty and do acquit him — The Comm! in 
Chief approves the Sentence and Orders him 
discharg'd from his arrest — At a Brigade 
Court Martial of Artillery whereof Col? Stro- 
bough was president 8th Instant Thomas 
Coshall and Sam! Burress of Col? Lames Reg! 
of Artillery tried for desertion the Pris'ner's 
pleads guilty Confessing their intention to 
desert to the Enemy do Sentence them to 
receive 500 Lashes each on their bare backs 
well laid on — The Comm! in Chief dis- 
approves the Sentence as being Illegal and 
Orders them to be tried anew by a Gen 1 . Court 
Martial 



1^53] 



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Head Quarters, Valley Forge, u 1 ] 1 March 1778 

Major Gen 1 . Sullivan 

Brigadier Huntington 

Col? Starr Major Wallace 
B. Major Johnston 

Head Quarters — Valley Forge 12* M 1778 

Major Gen 1 . L? Stirling 

Brigadier Poor 

. . LT Col? Davis, LT Col? Bassett 
B. Major Harskill 

Head Quarters, Valley Forge, ij'll March 1778 

Major Gen 1 . Greene 

Brigadier Muhlenburg 

. Col? Bonner, Major Cropper 
B. Major Alden 

Y I '^HE Commander in Chief being in- 
form'd that notwithstanding his order 
of 7* January last, the Carcases of 
-JL Dead Horses lay in, or near the 
Camp, and that yf Offal near many of yf 
Commissaries Stalls, still lay unburied, that 
much Filth and nastiness, is spread amongst 
yf Hutts, which will soon be reduc'd to 
a state of putrefaction and cause a Sickly 
Camp — Out of tender regard for yf lives 
& health of his brave Soldiery, and with 
suprise that so little attention is paid to his 
orders, He again in yf most positive terms, 
orders & Commands that yf Q T . Ml General 
apply for men, from time, to time, to bury 
such Dead Horses as shall lay at any con- 
siderable distance from Camp so as never to 

[254] 



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permit any of them to lay unburied, & that 
he compel! some of his Assistants to see this 
order strictly comply'd with — The Division 
& Brigade Commissaries are constantly to 
bury the Offal & Damag'd provisions, near 
their Quarters — The Commandants of Di- 
visions & Brigades, are desir'd to see this 
order implicitly obey'd, and further, that yf 
Field officers of yf Day take particular notice, 
and report any neglect thereof — The Com- 
manding officers of Regiments & Corps, will 
Immediately order their Q 1 . Masters to see their 
Respective Encampments cleans'd — Their 
old Valts fill'd and new ones Dug — all filth 
& Nastiness buried, and fresh earth thrown 
into the Vaults twice every Day — As the 
above orders are essentially necessary to pre- 
serve health in Camp, no plea of Ignorance 
will be admitted and yf least breach thereof, 
will be severely notic'd. 

In case yf Non-commission'd Officers or 
Soldiers are muster'd out by yf Commissary 
of Musters — yf Brigadiers and officers Com- 
manding Brigades will give them Discharges 
either to Return to their own homes, or to 
go into yf Corps of Invalids, at yf option of 
yf men. They will not transfer them to that 
Corps, unless fit to do duty in it. 

Major Claiborne will in Future mount 
a Brigade Guard to afford three Sentinals with 
orders to Fire on any man who shall be found 
easing himself elsewhere than in yf Valts. 

[255] 



B. Orders 



VALLEY 



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B. Orders 14 th of March 1778 

A party of i Sub. Q. Serj! 2 Corporals & 
20 Privates to be paraded this Morn? at 1 1 
oClock, the men to be under the Direction 
of M r Trent, Brigade Q. Master who is to 
see all the filth & nastiness in front of the 
Brigade is cleared away and covered, and the 
old Vaults be filled up & new ones dug. 
The sub to see the men do their Duty. — 
This party to be paraded every Morn?, for 
the time of Troop beating, Untill M! Trent 
informs the Business for which they were taken 
out is finished 



Major Gen 1 . Sterling 

Brigadier Patterson 

Field Officers . Li Col? Meade, Major Pawlin 
Brigade Majl Marvin 

AT a Gen! C. Martial whereof Brig^ 
Gen! M? Intosh was present March 
the io l . h 78. Col° W? Cook of y e 12. 
Pen? Reg! tryed for disobedience of 
Orders in sundry Instances, (to wit) First 
about the 20 th of Decf last when the Enemy 
advanced over Schuylkill the Brigade to which 
he belongs was ordered and did march toward 
the Enemy, but Cook absented himself from 
his Reg! and did not join it again whilst in 
that service which was near Ten Days after 
the Regiment was in Camp Again about two 
days after being refused leave of Absence did 
without leave abscond from Camp, and never 
Returned till two or three days since — 

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For giving leave of Absence to Officers of his 
Reg* and reporting them absent without leave 
for which they were never brought before a 
Court Martial & Acquitted — 
The Court having duly considered the evi- 
dence produced & are of opinion that the 
Col? after having been refused leave absent (sic) 
himself from Camp, and did not return for 
two or three Months after he went away 
being a breach of Gen! Orders 22? Ded last 
and contrary to good order & Discipline and 
do sentence him on Account of some particu- 
lar circumstances and on the Ace 1 of the good 
Character he has sustain'd as a good Officer) 
only to be reprimanded in Gen 1 . Orders, but 
do acquit him of Furloughing his Officers 
and reporting them absent without leave — 
The Commf in chief approves the sentence 
and hopes that the disgrace to an Officer 
of Col.° Cooks rank of being found guilty of 
leaving Camp without permission will be a 
sufficient reprimand — At a Gen! Court 
Martial whereof Col Tupper was Presid' the 
10 th of March 1778. — L! Enslin of Col? 
Marcums Cf tryed first for Attempting to 
commit sodomy, with Jn? Monhart a Soldier. 
2 c . d for Perjury in Swearing to false Ace*? found 
guilty of the charges Exhibited against him 
and do sentence him to be dismist the Service 
with Infamy, — 

The Comml in chief approves the Sentence 
& with abhorrence & Detestation of such 
infamous Crimes, orders L l Enslin to be 



[17] 



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drumm'd out of Camp tomorrow M? by all 
the Drums & Fifes in the Army never to 
return The Drums & Fifes to attend on the 
grand Parade at Guard Mounting for that 
Purpose 

At a Court of Enquiry held in the Brigade 
of Artillery U. Col? Strobough was present 
the n 1 ! 1 Instant, to examine into a Complaint 
Exhibited by one Jn? Wilson against Capt" 
Rice & Proctor En" of Col Proctors Regi- 
ment for plundering & taking by force & for 
permitting the Soldiers to take a Quantity 
of Household Furniture and other Articles 
from the Complainant — 
The Court upon hearing the Evidence and 
allegations of the party are of opinion that 
Exhibited ag! Capt? Rice & Proctor Ens" 
are Groundless, Consequently the Comp! 
Quash'd — 



G. O. Head Quarters Valley Forge March the ij{ h 78 — 

Major Gen 1 , tomorrow Green 

Brigadier M<? Intosh 

Field Officers . Col? Maglesworth Major Turner 

Brigade Major Minnes 

For detachment . Col? Potter, Li Col Byan & 

MajR Church 

THE Gen! C. Martial whereof 
Col? Tupper is Pres! is dissolv'd 
& another ordered to sit to mor- 
row, A. M at 10 oClock at the 
Adjutant Gen! s — 
Qu" Col? Swift is appointed Pres' — 

[258 J 



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Each Brigade gives a Capt" for the Court 
all Evidences & persons concern'd are desired 
to attend at the time & place mentioned, 
more Especially against the Inhabitants of 
this State now confined in the Provo, as 
their Tryal will come on tomorrow Among 
Inconveniences & Injuries having arisen to 
the service from the Powers Exercised by 
Officers on granting Furloughs, The Hon b f e 
The Continental Congress in order to prevent 
the like in future has been pleased to Resolve, 
That the Commf in chief or the Comm' of 
a separate Department shall have full power 
and Authority to suspend or limit power of 
Granting, Furloughs or leave of Absence and 
to reserve it wholly to himself or to Impart 
it to such Officer or Officers as he thinks fit 
According as he shall judge the good of the 
service requires and that no Officer under 
Colour or pretence of Authority to him 
granted by the 2 ed Article in the rules and 
Regulations of War grant any Furloughs 
or leave of Absence, Contrary to the Order 
of the Comm' in chief or a Comm! of a De- 
partment on pain of being punishd for dis- 
obedience of Orders. All Officers are to pay 
strict obedience to the foregoing Resolution, 
and none are to grant Furloughs, of leave 
of Absence on any pretence whatsoever, Ex- 
cept such as are authorized by Gen! Orders 
and they only under such limitations & Re- 
strictions as have been or shall be Appointed 
by the Comm! in chief, All Passes to Soldiers 

C 2 59] 



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going out of Camp are to be taken from 
them, or return by the Officers Commanding 
Guards, and destroyed The Markets which 
have been held heretofore on the other side 
of Schuylkill, is to be held in future on the 
west side near the Bridge — 
The Gen! preceiving that there is a great abuse 
and waste of Hides from the present mode 
of leaving them with the Brigades till ex- 
chang'd can be Affected directs in future 
that the Commf of each Brigade will deliver 
all the Hides produced in his Brigade to the 
Comm y of Hides, taking his Receipt for them 
and keeping an Ace 1 with him for the future — 
The Brigadiers will still continue their con- 
tracts as heretofore directed and for the Per- 
formance will give Orders upon the Comm y 
of Hides who is hereby required to make 
Returns the I st day in each Month at Head 
Quarters of the Number and Weight of Hides 
Rec? and issued by him a most convenient 
mode of Delivering the hides will be to send 
them by the Brigade Provision Waggons to 
the Comm y of Issues where they will be Rec? 
by the Comm y of Hides & a Receipt given 
for them, The Comm y of Hides will attend 
at Head Quarters Tomorrow Morn? at 10 
oClock At a General C Martial whereof 
Col? Tupper was Pres' L! Oliver was try'd 
for sending a Corporal & a file of men into 
Col? Stewarts Reg! to seize a Cag of Whiskey, 
belonging to one of his Officers, without con- 
sulting Col° Stewart or any of his Officers 

[260] 



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upon mature Consideration, the Court are of 
Opinion that L! Oliver is guilty of the charge 
Exhibited against him, and thinks that how- 
ever laudable L! Olivers intentions were, on 
seizing the Whiskey of the men who sold 
it, The mode he fell on was not by any means 
justifiable, as many ill Consequences must 
nessessarily follow the practice of sending a 
file of Men into another Reg! to seize any 
thing without Application to the Commf 
Officer — 

The Gen! confirms the Opinion, and orders 
that L! Oliver be discharg'd from his Arrest 
At the same Court n 4 ! 1 Ins! Edw d Gressut, 
tryed for going into Philadf found guilty 
& Sentenc'd to receive ioo Lashes, — The 
Comm r in chief approves the Sentence and 
orders it to be put in Execution Tomorrow 
Morn? at Guard mounting on the grand 
parade — 

The Regim! P. M. & others who receiv'd 
Money of the P. M. G. on Wednesday and 
Thursday last are requir d to examine their 
Cash, as he made a mistake to his prejudice. 
The Col? and Comm? Officers of Corps are de- 
sired to see that their Respective Pay masters 
have Immediate notice of this Matter — 
R. Officer for the day tomorrow L! Parker — 



[46l] 



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G. O. Head Quarters Valley Forge March 16* 78. 

Major Gen 1 . Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Woodford 

Field Off: . . LT Col? Miller — Major Winslow 
Brigade Major Claiborne 

f— j-^HE Gen! C. Martial whereof 

Brig! Gen! M c Intosh was prest dis- 
i solved — 

JL. At a Gen! C. Martial whereof 

Col? Bradley was Pres! 7^ Ins! U Armours of 
the I s . 1 Pensylv 2 Reg! tryed, having in many Re- 
spects Unbecoming a Gentleman found guilty 
of the Charges Exhibited against him & sen- 
tenced to be discharg'd from the service — 
But in Consideration of the Excell! Character 
given the Court of L! Armours & several 
Circumstances in the mode of Prosecution 
appearing malicious, The Court do in the 
strongest terms, Unanimously Recommend 
him to his Excell?' Pardon — The Gen 1 ap- 
proves the sentence but in Consideration of 
the Courts Recommendation is pleas'd to 
pardon him, yet with Abhorrence of such 
practices as L! Armours has Indulg'd himself 
in, which are highly derogatory to the Char- 
acter of an Officer, He expects the Instance 
of Clemency will properly effect his future 
conduct — 



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March y* zy'? 1778 — 

Major Gen 1 Greene 

Brig r . Vernon — 

Field Off r [ . . . Col? Clark Major Johnston 
Brigade Major Ogden 

ONE hundred Chosen men are to be 
annexed to the Guard of the Com- 
mander in chief for the purpose of 
forming a Corps to be Instructed 
in the Maneuvres necessary to be introduced 
in the Army, and serve as a model for the 
Execution of them — As the Gen 1 . 3 guard 
is compos'd entirely of Virginians, The 100 
Draughts are to be taken from the Troops 
of the other States — 



g. o- 



March y_ 18* 1778 — 

Major Gen 1 . Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Poor — 

F. Of:' . . . L T Col? Basset, Major Talbot 
Brigade Major M? Cormick 

NOCULATION for the small pox hav- 
ing been haply performed in all the Sub- 
jects in Camp it is necessary to guard 
against the fatal effects of that disorder 
taken in the Natural way — 

The Comm' in chief therefore Injoins all 
Officers Comm? Reg 1 . 8 upon the Arrival of 
Recruits or return of Absent Soldiers to make 
an immediate and strict Enquiry whether they 
have had the small Pox, & order such as 
have not to be inoculated by the Reg! Surgeon, 

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and in case the Regiment should be unpro- 
vided with one, to give instant notice thereof 
to the Surgeon General 

The men order'd for his Excellencies 
Guard tomorrow morning on yf Grand Parade 
at Guard mounting. 

Head Quarters — Valley Forge, ip'. h March 78 

Major General Greene 

Brigadier Muhlenburg 

Col? Voke Major Braddish 
B. Major M c Gowin 

THE Commander in chief directs, 
that the officers will be very atten- 
tive to yf Water which their men 
Drink — The little springs about 
Camp, from which they have been accustom'd 
to supply themselves during yf Winter, will, 
in their present State, become extreemly Im- 
pure, and pernicious, in yf approaching warm 
season — As it is a matter so essential, It is 
expected that yf officers will, without Delay, 
take measures to provide good Water for their 
men, by having yf Springs open'd & clean'd, 
and well sunk in proper places, v/ith Barrels 
to preserve them, taking care to have them 
frequently emptied and cleans'd, to prevent 
any accumulation of Filth. 

To prevent a False alarm, notice is hereby 
given, that a Cannon will be discharg'd at 
yf Park of Artillery tomorrow at Sunset 



[ 2 6 4 j 



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Head Quarters — Valley Forge, 20'. h March 78 

Major General L? Stirling 

Brigadier Patterson 

. . . L? Col? Mabon ; Major Cabell 
B. Major Deu Vall 

AT a Division Court Martial whereof 
Major Johnston was President 
March 1^. 78 — U Davis of Coif 
Angels Regim! try'd for Swearing 
on yf Evening of yf 2? Instant, after being 
warn'd for duty. . . . That if he could not 
get rid of that tower, he would Feign himself 
sick, for he was determin'd not to do it, and 
would suffer himself to be Cashier'd with 
infamy before he would go — and for refusing 
yf tour accordingly. 

The Court, after ye most mature delibera- 
tion, unanimously adjudge U. Davis guilty 
of a breach of 21-article, 14 Sec: of yf articles 
of war, & sentence him to be Discharg'd yf 
service, as order'd in said article — The Com- 
mander in Chief approves yf Sentence, and 
orders it to take place Immediately. 



March 20? 78 

All Persons who have any accounts with Ml 
Mead formerly Commissary to this Brigade, 
are to call and Settle them as Soon as possible 
— as his Books will be deliver'd to yf Com- 
missary Gen! in a Few days, and Himself will 
leave Camp Shortly 



B. o. 



[265] 



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Head Quarters Valley Forge, 20'. h March 

Major General L? Stirling 

Brigadier Vernum 

Li Col? Littlefield, Major Murphy 
B. Major Stagg 

AS a System of easy Maneuvres is to 
be introduc'd with a view of Estab- 
lishing uniformity in these points 
thro'out yf army — The Com- 
manding Officers of Brigades and Regiments 
are desir'd to discontinue exercising and Ma- 
noeuvring their men by way of Instruction, 
until yf new Regulations Shall be distributed 
— Such exercises as are Indispensably neces- 
sary in yf Ordinary Camp duties, may in 
yf. mean time be perform'd according to yf 
accustom'd methods. 

The prices of the Following articles. . . 
Rum . . . French Brandy . . . Jinn . . . Spirits 
... & Cyder-Royal not being noted in yf 
General Orders of yf 26 l . h January last — The 
Vendors of these articles have taken advantage, 
and therefore Sell them at yf most Exorbitant 
Rates. . . . The Brigadiers and Officers Com- 
manding Brigades are desir'd to meet at Gen! 
Woodford's Quarters on Tuesday morning, 
10 °C1. to Regulate yf prices of yf above. 
The Adj! Gen! is to purchase all Arms & 
accoutriments of Deserters, & no other Person. 



[266] 



ORDERLY BOOK 



Head Quartets — Valley Forge — 22 d . March 

Major Gen 1 . Greene 

Brigadier M c Intosh 

. . . LT Col? Burr. Major Haysh 
Brigade Major Bailey 

THE Brigade Inspectors are desir'd 
to attend at Head Q" on Monday 
10 °C1. precisely. 
The Brigadiers and Officers 
Commanding Brigades are desir'd to make 
an Exact Return to yf Adj? General tomorrow 
at Orderly time of yf N? of rounds of Am- 
munition that each of their men are Furnish'd 
with ; and what quantity of spare Cartridges 
are in the Hands of their Quarter Masters. 

Officers Commanding Regiments are de- B* o, 
sir'd to make the Returns Call'd for in Gen! 
Orders — to Major Claiborne. 

Valley Forge, 23 d . March 

Major Gen 1 . Greene 

Brigadier Wayne 

LT Col? Ballard, Major Nichols 
B. Major Day 

AS yf Season is approaching fast when 
every thing should be held in yf 
most perfect readiness for yf Field ; 
yf Comm. in Chief reminds the 
Brigadiers of the former order to provide 
Bayonets for their men, and yf Officers of 
yf necessity of procuring Espontoons. 

[267] 



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B. o. The Different Majors, Captains, and a 

Subaltern from each Company, are to attend 
by order of yf Commander in Chief (at yf 
Hours or 8. °C1 in y? morning, and 4 in yf 
Afternoon) on Major Cabbell, to observe a 
body of men, learn yf Manaeuvers &c, to be 
practiced by the whole Army — 



Valley Forge, 24* March 78. 

Major General Lord Stirling 

Brigadier Poor 

. . . L? Col° Parker, Major Bell 
B. Major Johnston 

THE Honourable Continental Con- 
gress have been pleas'd to appoint 
Major General Greene, Quarter 
Master General in yf Army of yf 
United States — reserving his Rank of Major 
General in yf same, and John Cox, and Charles 
Pettit Esq" Assistant Quarter Masters Gen- 
eral — All of whom respectively are to be 
consider'd and Respected as Such. 

At 9 °C1, precisely, all yf Brigades will 
begin their Exercise — each Regiment on its 
own Parade, & yf Inspector General will at- 
tend. In the Afternoon, yf Brigade will begin 
the Exercise, at 4, & finish at 5 °C1. 

The Commander in Chief strictly enjoins 
it upon yf Commissary General of Issues, 
to keep a quantity of hard bread for yf use 
of Detachments, which may be order'd out 
upon any Sudden Immergency; likewise of 

[268] 



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Salt provisions if possible Of the above, 
he will issue to y? Brigade Commissaries to 
be kept in Store for the Same purpose. 



In future the Brigade Major will give the 
Names of all Officers for duty; and as this 
may cause some to go out of their turn by 
reason of the method heretofore practis'd ; 
It is expected that the Gentlemen will ac- 
quiese, for the Sake of Regularity hereafter. 

The Adjutants are daily to attend on the 
Brigade Major for orders, precisely at 3°C1 
in the Afternoon. 

By Command. 

R Claiborne, B. M. 



b. o. 



Valley Forge, March 2f? 1778 

Major General Lord Stirling 

Brig r . Muhlenburg 

. Col? Levingston, Lt Col? Russell 
B. Major Harskell 

THE Honourable, the Congress, 
having appointed Matthew Clark- 
son and Major John Clark Esq", 
Auditors, to settle, and adjust the 
accounts of the whole army — They are to 
be respected accordingly. 

Any Person who have accounts to be 
audited by them, may find them at the house 
of Griffith Johns, about three miles beyond 
the Pay Master Generals Quarters — 



[269] 



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Valley Forge, 26^. March IJ78 

Till further orders the Major General of 
the day is dispens'd with — 



Brigadier Patterson 

. L? Col? Miller, fcf Major Ledyard 
Brigade Major Marvin 

N r O Scouting Party is to be sent out 
of Camp, unless it be by order of 
the Commander in Chief. . . . The 
General Officer of the Day. ... or 
the Adjutant General, 'till the Army be in 
a moving State and Circumstances require it. 
Disobedience, or Neglect of this order, will 
be severely punish'd ; and as many officers 
have been Captivated by their own folly 
and Carelessness, The General most expressly 
orders, that whereever this is found to be 
the case, such officers Shall be the last Ex- 
chang'd — Notwithstanding, in point of time, 
they would be Intitled to preference. 

No officer Commanding at an out-post, or 
upon a Scouting Party, is to give passes into 
Philadelphia, under pain of being try'd for 
Disobedience of orders — . The very end, 
and Design of these Parties, are defeated by 
this means. The Adjutant General will take 
care that these orders are Communicated to 
all officers on Detach'd Commands 

No boats to pass Sullivan's Bridge, with- 
out permission from the Officer Commanding 
the Guard there, who will be strict in Exam- 



[270 J 



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ining them, and permit no suspicious Persons 
to pass. 

Valley Forge, 2?'* March 1778 

Brigadier Maxwell 

. Col? Bradford Eff Maj? Taylor 
B. Major Minnis. 

THE Numerous inconveniences of 
a large train of Baggage, must be 
apparent to every officer of the least 
consideration. An Army by means 
of it is render' d unwieldy, and Incapable of 
acting with that ease and celerity, which 
are essential — either to its own security and 
Defence, or to vigour, and enterprize in its 
offensive opperations. The Solicitude, which 
those who have a large quantity at Stake, will 
feel for its safety, even in the most critical 
circumstances, is sometimes attended with 
very alarming consequences, and Individuals, 
frequently, and unavoidably, sustain no In- 
considerable losses from the Imprudence of 
encumbering themselves with Superfluous 
baggage. . . . The Publick is burthen'd with 
a fruitless expense, in an additional number 
of Horses, and Waggons ; and the strength 
of the army is deminish'd by the extraordinary 
Number of Guards requir'd for their protec- 
tion. These disadvantages, and many more, 
that will suggest themselves on reflection. . . . 
Notwithstanding the pains taken to remedy 
them, have been heretofore, severely felt by 
this Army. Many instances, will be recol- 



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lected in the course of the last Campaign ; 
and among others, the great loss, which at- 
tended sending the Superfluous baggage, dur- 
ing the most active part of it, to a distance 
from the Army. The Commander in Chief, 
hopes these considerations will influence offi- 
cers in the ensueing Campaign, to provide 
themselves with those necessaries only, which 
cannot be dispens'd with, and with the means 
of carrying them, in the most easy and con- 
venient manner; In order to which, He 
strongly recommends the disuse of Chests, & 
Boxes, and that Portmanteau's & Valeesces, 
made of Duck be substituted in stead of 
them. This will be more requisite, as its in 
Contemplation, to employ as few Waggons 
as possible, and to make use of Pack Horses, 
as far as may be practicable. It is expected 
the General & Field Officers, will set the 
Example, and see, that it is strictly follow'd 
by all those under their respective Commands. 
Officers at out Posts, receiving Letters by 
Flagg, address'd to the Commander in Chief 
by General Howe, whose Name is always 
Endors'd on them, are desir'd to give Re- 
ceipts for the same. 

As the Comm! in Chief is anxious to have 
the Interior line of Defence compleated, He 
desires, that the Brigadiers, and officers Com- 
manding Brigades, will meet at General Var- 
num's Quarters tomorrow at n °C1, and there, 
or at the line, assign each Brigade its propor- 
tion, which they will cause to be executed, 

[272] 



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under the Inspection of the Enginiers, with 
as much dispatch as possible. 

Valley Forge, March 28* 1778. 

Brigadier Wayne 

. . . LT Col? Harmer. £3" Major Haws 
B. Major Claiborne 

AT a board of the Brigadiers, and 
Officers Commanding Brigades, the 
price of sundry Liquors, were fix'd 
on as follows, and now ratified by 
the Commander in Chief (Towit) West India 
Rum, or Spirits at 15/, Continental Rum 10/, 
Jin 9/, French Brandy 19/, and syder-rowal 
2 /P- Q uart J an d in larger, or smaller quantities 
at the same Rates. 

On Monday next, the Troops will beat 
at half past 7, in the morning, and the Guards 
to be on the Grand Parade by 8 °C1 precisely, 
in order to be exercis'd, previous to guard 
mounting. Major Wallace, Brigade Inspector 
in General Woodford's Brigade will Command, 
& is to have two Adjutants from that Brigade 
to assist him. 

On Sunday at io°Cl. in the forenoon, 
all the Brigade Inspectors, with the Officers, 
and Non-Commission' d Officers, who are to 
mount guard on Monday, will attend at Head 
Quarters, where the Inspector General, will 
instruct them, in what is to be done the next 
day. 

Baron Steuben, a Lieutenant General in 
foreign service, and a Gentleman of great 



[18] 



[ 2 73 ] 



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Military experience, having obliglingly under- 
taken to exercise the office of Inspector Gen- 
eral in this army. . . . The Commander in 
Chief ('till the pleasure of Congress shall be 
known) desires that he may be respected and 
obey'd as such ; and hopes & Expects, that 
all officers of whatsoever Rank in it, will 
afford him every aid in their power, in the 
Execution of his office. 

Lieutenant Colonels ; Davis ; Brooks ; and 
Barber ; and M' Ternant are appointed to act 
as Sub Inspectors, the three former, retaining 
their Rank in the line. 

The Importance of establishing an uniform 
system of useful Manoeuvres, and regularity 
of Discipline, must be obvious. The de- 
ficiency of our Army in these respects, must 
be equally so. The time we shall probably 
have, to introduce the Necessary reformation, 
is short. Without the most active exertions 
therefore of Officers of every class, it will be 
impossible to derive the advantages propos'd 
from this institution, which are of the greatest 
moment to the success of the ensueing Cam- 
paign. Arguments surely, need not be multi- 
plied to kindle the zeal of Officers ; in a 
matter of such essential consequence to their 
own honour ; the advancment of the Service, 
& the prosperity of our Arms. 



C 2 74j 



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Valley Forge, 2() , h March 2778 

Brigadier Varnum 

. . . LT Col? Harney, Major Peters 
B. Major Ogden 

THE following officers are appointed 
Brigade Inspectors, and are to 
be respected, and obey'd in their 
several Brigades. Col? Tupper in 
General Patterson's Brigade, U. Col? Sprout 
in Glovers, Major Wallace in Woodford's, 
Major Cabells in Weedon's, Major Hull in 
Learned's, Major Fish in Poors, Major Broom- 
field in Maxwells, Major Ryan in the i s . r 
Pens?, Major Hulling in late Conway's, Cap- 
tain Smith in Varnum's, Captain Canvers in 
Huntington's, Cap! Ingles in M?Intosh's, 
Cap! M c Gowin in the 2? Pennsf, 



Valley Forge, 30'?! March 1778. 

Brigadier Poor 

. . LT Col? Buford £sf Major Porter. 
B. Major M^Cormick 

THE General Court Martial whereof 
Col? Ogden was President is de- 
solv'd and another order'd to sit 
tomorrow at 10 °C1, at the usual 
place whereof Colonel Vosce is appointed 
President, to try all such Prisoners as shall 
be brought before him. Each Brigade gives 
a Captain for the Court. 

As the operations of the ensueing Campaign, 
whether offensive, or defensive, renders it in- 



[ 2 75 ] 



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dispensably necessary that the spare baggage 
of the army should be at a distance from this 
Camp, and it may be inconvenient, and per- 
haps impracticable, for want of Teams, to 
remove it the Instant it may be requisite; 
The General desires that the officers will loose 
no time in disengaging themselves from every 
thing they can possibly spare. On the means 
of removing it, they will Consult the Quarter 
Master General, who may have empty Waggons 
returning from Camp. 

Valley Forge, ji March 1778 

Brigadier M^Intosh 

. LT Col? Regnier, Major Campbell 
B. Major Berryan 

GERMAN Town being appointed to 
meet the Commissioners from the 
two armies, a strict neutrality, and 
suspension of Hostilities, are to be 
observ'd in all the extent of that village, and 
all officers, whether Continental, or Militia, 
are expressly forbid to entre there, either with 
their Parties, or singly, or to do any thing 
that may in any wise tend to violate the 
peace, which is to subsist in the above men- 
tion' d place till farther orders 

Tho? Reed Esq? is appointed assistant Pay 
M r Gen! and is to be consider' d as such 



[276] 



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Valley Forge, April I s .'. 1778. 



Brigadier Patterson 

LT Col? Brearley, & Major Allison 
B. Major Bailey — 

SOME Brigades were late in sending 
their men on to the grand Parade this 
morning. . . . The General is willing 
to attribute this to the difference in 
watches ; and to the end, that greater punctu- 
ality may be observ'd in future with respect 
to time . . . the Adjutant General is to regu- 
late his watch by the Clock at Head Quarters 
— The Brigade Majors by his, and the Adju- 
tants by their B. Majors 



Valley Forge, 2 d . April 1778 

Brigadier Maxwell 

. . . Col? Becker, LT Col? Hubley 
B. Major Harkskell 

THE Inspector of the first Pensyl- 
vania Brigade, will command the 
Parade tomorrow. He will bring 
with him two Adjutants of his 
Brigade, and when the parade is over, remit 
the Command for next day to the Brigade 
Inspector of the 2? Pens? Brigade, and his two 
Adjutants ; who are desir'd to attend the 
Parade tomorrow for that purpose. The same 
method to be observ'd in regular rotation. 
The Inspector General purposes Exercising 
the officers of the 2. d Pens 3 Brigade at 10 oCl 

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tomorrow, and at n, those of General Poor's 
Brigade 

As the Stumps and Brush in front of the 
new line afford an excellent obstacle to the 
approach of an enemy, 'tis expressly forbid, 
that any of it should be burnt by Fatigue 
Parties, or others for the distance of extreme 
Musket-range in front of the line ; of which 
all officers Commanding a Regiment, are to 
take particular notice. There is a sufficiency 
of Wood within the lines, to furnish stakes 
for the Work — 

B. O. April 3 d . 1778. 

As the prices of the Cloathing drawn by 
the officers of the Virginia line, cannot be 
ascertain'd at present ; and as the Virginia 
Brigadiers are in some measure accountable 
to the State for the Cloathing drawn. ... It is 
expected that a remittance will be made by 
them in part. Col? Stewart (by their desire) 
requests the officers of the Brigade, to pay into 
the hands of their respective Pay Masters ; 
Such sums of Money as they shall think ade- 
quate to the Cloathing each of them receiv'd. 

The Paymasters are to keep such accounts, 
and give and give {sic) receipts for the money 
receiv'd, and then pay it to Col? Palfrey Pay 
Master General, who will give receipts for the 
sums paid in by each Regiment. 



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Valley Forge, April 3 d . 78. 

Brigadier, Wayne 

. LT Col? Greene £«f Major Varnum 

B. Major Seely 

Inspector from 2? Pens* Brigade 

THE works of the new line being 
very carelessly executed in many 
parts, and the representations of the 
Engineers to the Officers Command- 
ing Fatigue Parties, having hitherto been of 
no avail. . . . The General calls upon the 
several Brigadiers to Inspect the part which 
has been allotted to their Brigades, and order 
the defects to be remedied, which appears to 
be principally oweing to the weakness of the 
Stakes, and those of the exterior face being 
plac'd too Parpendicularly 

Valley Forge, 4'h April 1778. 

Brigadier, Varnum 

. LT Col? Vosce, fcsf Major Sumner 

B. Major, Tenyche 

Inspector from GenV Poor 

THE Brigadier of the day is to visit 
the Prisoners in the Provost during 
his hour of duty, & to enquire into 
the manner of their treatment, which 
he is to report with the N? & kind of them 
and length of Confinement when he gives in the 
General Report of the Guards & occurrencies. 
This is to be a standing order & punctually 
obeyd — 

[>79 ] 



VALLEY FORGE 

Valley Forge, 5'* April 78 

Brigadier Poor 

. . L? Col? Mead & Major Paughling 

Brigade Major Marvin 

Inspector from Glovers Brigade 

THE Brigade Inspectors — Brigade 
Majors, and all the Adjutants of the 
Battalions are to attend on the Grand 
Parade tomorrow morning at guard 
mounting. 

No Furlows to be granted to Non-com- 
missioned officers of soldiers till further orders. 

Valley Forge, 6*h April 1778 

Brigadier, Muhlenburg 

. . Col? Weston, fcf LT Col? Marshall 

B. Major, Minnis 

Inspector from Learneds Brigade 

LIEUTENANT Col? Greene is ap- 
pointed to y? Command of the io!. h 
& U. Col? Davis to y? Command 
of the 14*" Virginia Regiments till 
further orders, and are to be respected ac- 
cordingly. 

At a General Court Martial whereof Col? 
Vosce was Pres! March 31. 78. . . . Lieutenant 
Dunn of Col? Patton's Regiment of General 
Scott's Brigade, try'd for striking and un- 
gentlemanlike behaviour to Lieutenant Street, 
& acquitted. — The Commander in Chief 
confirms the sentence, and orders L! Dunn 
to be discharg'd from his arrest. ... At the 
same time observing, that the frequent pro- 

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ceedings of Courts Martial presented to him, 
which seems to originate more from Personal 
prejudice, & private animosities than a real 
Intention to promote the good of the Service, 
gives him very sensable pain. He wishes the 
officers of his army, to consider themselves 
as a band of Brothers, cemented by the Justice 
of the Common Cause. . . . that a perfect 
harmony might subsist amongst them, and 
that they would settle all private disputes 
amongst themselves, in an Amicable manner 
— ever being cautious, not to trouble Courts 
Martial, or the General, with private dissen- 
tions, or add Papers to the Publick piles, 
which may hereafter reflect disgrace upon them- 
selves and the army — 

Valley Forge, 7* April 1778 

Brigadier Patterson 

Co. Gray &? LT Col? Neval 

B. Major Claiborne 

Inspector from Patterson's Brigade 

THE Commanding Officers of Reg- 
iments & Corps, are desir'd to be 
very Particular in their next weekly 
return, to account for their off" and 
men who are absent sick. ... on Furlough, 
on Command, & the places where ; that 
proper measures may be taken to call them 
in to Join their respective Corps. The 
General strictly enjoins it upon them to be 
exceeding exact, to mention those off." in any 
Department, who detain any of their Soldiers 

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as waiters or for any other purpose, and every 
particular circumstance relative to their ab- 
sence, as his fix'd determination is, that he 
will know the true state of his army — 



B. o. 



In future, all Commission'd ofKf who 
mount guard will carry their Name, Brigade, 
and Regiment, to be deliver'd to the Brigade 
Major of the day when call'd for on the 
grand Parade. 



Valley Forge, 8. April 78. 

Brigadier Maxwell 

. Col? Brewer y Major Winslow 

B. Major, Ogden 

Inspector from Weedon's Brigade. 

A RENEWAL of the orders relative 
to the Cleanliness, and proper ap- 
pearance of Soldiers, who are to 
mount guard, however great a re- 
proach to the Officers, whose provinces it is 
to attend to these points is become necessary. 
The Adjutants in whom the delinquency 
originates, as it is their duty in the first 
instance to inspect the Arms, Ammunition, 
accoutriments and dress of the men before 
they quit their Regimental Parades, are par- 
ticularly call'd upon. The B. Majors are 
requir'd, minutely to examine the Detach- 
ments assembled on the Brigade Parade in 
all the above mention'd Respects ; and the 
Adjutants are to remain there, till the men 

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are marchd off in order to answer for any 
Deficiency. 

When the guards are assembled on the grand 
parade, the Brigade Major and Field officers 
of the Day, are carefully to repeat the same. 
. . . Examination of arms &c, and to order 
the Adjutants under an arrest, when any ill 
appearance, or deficiency may justly be at- 
tributed to his Negligence. — Want of uni- 
formity in the Soldiers Cloathing, and its 
indifferent quality ; so far from excusing 
slovenliness, and unsoldiery neglect in other 
respects, ought rather to excite each man to 
Compensate those blemishes by redoubled at- 
tention, to the means which he has in his power. 
For instance ; the Soldier may always shave 
his Beard, appear with clean hands & face, 
and in general, have an air of Neatness, which 
will be auspicious under all disadvantages 



*■ Valley Forge, p? April I// 8. 

Brigadier Wayne 

. . Col? Butler, £sf LT Col? Farmer 
B. Major M? Cormick 

Inspector from Muhlenburg's Brigade. 

IN addition to the orders of yesterday, for 
the purpose of effecting decency & clean- 
liness in the dress of the men. . . . The 
Commander in Chief informs the Serjeants 
and Corporals of the line, & desires that it 
may be deeply impress'd upon them ; that 
unless they exert themselves to the utmost, 
to bring about this Desirable change (as far 



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as circumstances of Cloathing will admit) 
and at the same time, by a conduct, and 
example, which ought to distinguish them 
from Privates, endeavour to preserve order, 
Regularity, and obedience. Every delinquent 
amongst them without exception, shall be 
reduc'd to the Ranks, and others appointed, 
till good ones can be had, to discharge their 
several duties properly. Nothing does, nor 
nothing can, contribute more to the health of 
Soldiers, than a clean Camp, clean cloaths, & 
victuals well dress'd. These; however deeply 
involv'd in rags an army may be, are to be 
effected by attention in the officers. The 
General therefore calls upon every officer, 
from the Major Generals to the Corporals in- 
clusively, for their exertions : hoping thereby, 
with the blessings of God, to prevent such 
number of Deaths which unfortunately have 
taken place since we came to this ground, and 
see a stricter attention to orders than hereto- 
fore has been paid. 

Valley Forge, April io 1 *. j8. 

Brigadier Varnum 

. . . . Col? Silly £3" L T . Col? Simms 

B. Major Berryan 

Inspector from Maxwell's Brigade 

HEREAS many Inconveniences 
may arise in setling the recruiting 
accounts of the army, for want of 
the officers being acquainted with 
the mode of obtaining s? accounts. . . The 



w 



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Commanding officer of each Regiment & 
Corps, is therefore requested to apply to the 
Auditors of the army, who will furnish them 
with blank forms, by which that business will 
be much facilitated, and render the adjust- 
ment of their accounts, both simple & easy. 
In order that no difficulty may arise, from a 
multiplicity of accounts, the Auditors request, 
that the Officers Commanding Regiments and 
Corps will cause the respective officers of 
their Regiments &c. who have been employ'd 
in the recruiting service, to produce to them, 
their Recruiting accounts, which should be col- 
lected, in form of an abstract, that the whole 
might appear at one view, and thereby, enable 
the Auditors immediately, to acquit the Said 
Commanding officers of Regiments & Corps 
from the several sums, with which they re- 
spectively stand charg'd. 

The Increasing warmth of the season, 
requires that the greatest care should be taken 
to keep the Hutts of their men clean, their 
Bedding air'd every day, and the streets and 
allies of the Camp, free from all filth. The 
Commander in Chief therefore, earnestly re- 
quests, both the Brigade, and Regimental 
officers officers (sic) of the day, to see these 
duties, regularly, and punctually perform'd 
All bones, Putrid meats, Dirty 
every other kind of filth, to be 
collected, and burnt 

As marching men by files has an unmili- 
tary appearance, and a tendency to make them 



straw, and 
every day 



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march in an unsoldier-like manner. . . . All 
Parties commanded by Commission'd officers, 
are to be march'd by Divisions, and every 
Officer Commanding a guard, or Detachment, 
will be very attentive to see, that his men 
march properly, and when reliev'd, to march 
his guard, or Detachment back to the Brigade 
to which they belong. — If from several 
Brigades, he will march them to the Grand 
Parade before he dismisses them. 



Valley Forge, April II* 1778 

Brigadier Poor 

. . LT Col? Reed, £3" Major Dickerson 
B. Major, ... . Bailey 

Inspector from Conway's Brigade 

THE Commander in Chief earnestly 
calls upon all officers to pay the 
strictest attention to the orders of 
the 28. January last, respecting their 
mens ammunition, & in addition to that order, 
he directs, that when a Non-Commission'd 
officer, or Soldier is detected in discharging 
his piece, or otherwise wasting his ammuni- 
tion, the first Commission'd officer he is 
brought before, shall order him to be tied 
up immediately, and receive 39 lashes on his 
bare back. . . . and as many soldiers, contrary 
to good order, often straggle into the woods, 
or bie places, to avoid being Detected. . . . 
No Soldier in future to be allow'd to carry 
his arms, or accoutriments out of Camp, un- 
less upon duty, and whenever a gun is heard 



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in the vicenity of the Camp, the Commanding 
officers of Regiments, are desir'd to send off 
Parties under Non-Commission'd officers, to 
apprehend the delinquent and bring him to 
Immediate punishment. — The Command- 
ing officers of Regiments and Corps, will see 
that this order is read to their officers and men, 
and the Commanders of Companies will be 
careful to inform all their men now absent, 
of this order, when they return to Camp. 

Valley Forge, I2*h April If 78. 

Brigadier, Muhlenburg 

. Col? Parker, &■ Col? Brearley 

B. Major Harskell 

Inspector from Huntington's Brigade 

THE honourable Congress having 
thought proper to recommend to 
the United States of America, to sit 
apart Wednesday the 22? Instant to 
be observ'd as a day of fasting, Humiliation, 
and prayer ; that at one time, & with one 
voice, the righteous dispensations of provi- 
dence, may be acknowledged, and his good- 
ness and mercy, towards us and our arms, 
supplicated and emplor'd. . . . The General 
directs that this day shall be most Religiously 
observ'd in the army, that no work be done 
thereon, and that the several Chaplains do 
prepare suitable discourses for the occasion. 

The Funeral honours at the Interment of 
officers, are for the future, to be confin'd to 
a solemn procession of officers and Soldiers, 

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in Numbers suitable to the Rank of the De- 
ceas'd, with revers'd arms. Fireing on these 
occasions, is to be abolish'd in Camp. 



Valley Forge, April ij 1 !! 1778. 

Brigadier Patterson 

. . . LT Col? Gray £5" Major Moore. 

B. Major . Seely 

Inspector from Varnum's Brigade 

Valley Forge, April 14}}. 78 

Brigadier, Maxwell 

. . . Col? Bowman LT Col? Neville 

B. Major, Walker 

Inspector from M c Intosh's Brigade 

THE General was much pleas'd in a 
ride thro' the lines yesterday, to see 
what attention some of the Brigadiers 
had paid to his orders, respecting 
the neatness, and purity of the Camp ; He 
wishes it had been general ; but the case 
was otherwise ; and (notwithstanding repeated 
orders about cleanliness) the smell in some 
places intollerable . . . oweing to the want 
of necessaries, or the neglect of them : He 
therefore, and for the last-time, (without pro- 
ceeding to extremities) requests, that all kinds 
of dirt, & filth ... as well, that in front, rear, 
and between the Hutts ; as what shall be 
found on the Parade, or before the doors, 
be rak'd together, & burnt, or buried. The 
Regimental Quarter Masters, are to see that 
necessaries, where wanted are immediately dug, 

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and that fresh earth be thrown into them every 
morning. The Brigade Quarter Masters, are 
to see that the offal of their Slaughter pens 
for the respective Brigades, is buried daily. 
They will be answerable for the Neglect of 
their duties, & will without fail, be arrested 
for the smallest Inattention to them. Senti- 
nals from the Quarter guards, are to be posted 
at proper places, who are to make Prisoner, 
any Soldier who shall attempt to ease himself, 
any where but at a proper Necessary, and 
5 lashes are to be order'd him immediately, 
by the Commanding officer of the Regiment 
to which the Delinquent belongs, for the 
offence, and disobedience of orders 

That Soldiers may not ignorantly offend 
against this order it is to be read to them 
frequently, and the Serjeants are to take care, 
that all new comers are inform'd thereof, or 
they will become answerable themselves. 

Valley Forge, April if. 1778. 

Brigadier Wayne 

. . Col? Patton £5" LT Col? Carlton 

B. Major Tenyche 

Inspector from Woodford's Brigade 

THE men who were drafted for the 
Commander in Chiefs guard, are to 
be included in the Pay abstracts 
of their Regiments till the if! of 
April, after which, they will draw pay, as a 
distinct Corps, altho return'd on Command 
in their Respective Regiments 



C'9] 



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Valley Forge, April 16. 1778 

Brigadier Varnum 

. . . Col? Becker & LT Col? Sherman 

B. Major Marvin 

Inspector from Scott's Brigade. 

THE Commander in Chief directs, 
that only one Sutler be allow'd to 
each Brigade, who shall have one 
Sutling Boothe within the limits of 
the Brigade, & shall sell liquor at no other; 
where he shall sell his Liquors at the following 
prices, to the Officers and Soldiers of the 
Brigade to which he belongs, & on no pre- 
tence to any other, under penalty of having 
his whole Stock seiz'd, and being render'd 
Incapable of ever serving as Sutler in the 
army again. — Whiskey, Peach brandy, Apple 
brandy, Cordials of all kinds, and any other 
home-made Spirits, 15/ P. r Gallon; P' quart, 
4/. P' pint 1/. F r . half pint, 1/3. West india 
Spirits, full proof, P' q" 15/. — a bowl of 
Toddy, containing half a pint of Spirits 7/6 P' 
No Persons whatsoever, besides such li- 
cens'd Sutlers, or Commissaries sent by par- 
ticular States, shall sell liquors of any kind in 
Camp, or within 7 Miles of Camp, under pen- 
alty of having their whole stock seiz'd with- 
out payment, for the use of the army ; except 
that the Quarter M' General is authoriz'd to 
allow one of more houses of Entertainment 
to -accommodate Travellers and Strangers, 
who must be necessarily in the Vicenity of 
the Camp. The Persons receiving their li- 

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cense for that purpose, giving sufficient secur- 
ity not to vend their Liquors to any Person 
belonging to the Army. The Brigadiers, & 
officers Commanding Brigades, are to report 
to the Adjutant General, the Names of the 
Sutlers in their respective Brigades and when 
any Change happens, they are to be reported 
accordingly 

A ration for the future, shall consist of 
ij4^ flour or bread. . . . i* of Beef or Fish, 
or ^i 1 ! Pork, and one gill of whiskey or 
Spirits, or i*4- Flour or Bread, ffi Pork, 
or Bacon, *4 pint Pease, or Beans, one gill 
of Whiskey or Spirits. The Commissary is 
directed to Issue Rations to the army from 
time to time, agreeable to the former esti- 
mates, according to the state of Stors in Camp. 



Valley Forge, April if. ijj8 

Brigadier Poor 

. Col? Bradford, tsf LT Col? Russell 

B. Major Minnis 

Inspector from 2? Pens?- Brigade 

THE Regimental Quarter Masters 
are directed to go Into the Country, 
and make contracts with proper 
Persons for bringing in Milk and 
other Necessaries for the Sick. Such Con- 
tracts it is Expected they will compleat by the 
21" Instant; after which day; no passes are 
to be granted to any Persons whatsoever to go 
out of Camp for the purpose of Purchasing 



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Provisions of any kind Henceforward, no 
officer, Soldier, or other Person belonging to 
the Army shall go, or send out, to purchase 
any of those articles which have been usually 
bro' to Market, or bargain for them any where 
else than at the places appointed for Market ; 
nor shall any of the Inhabitants expose their 
Marketing for Sale in any other places — 
The purchasers, on pain of being try'd for 
Disobedience of orders and the Vendors of 
forfeiting their whole stock brot in, — and 
for the more effectual discovery of any breach 
of this order whoever gives Information of 
Such breach, will be entitled to the articles 
thus Illicitly sold, or offer'd for Sale; or their 
value to be recover'd from the purchasers. 

All permits to go out of Camp, are for 
the future, to be granted only by Brigadiers, 
or officers Commanding Brigades 

The officer of the Guard at Sullivans 
Bridge, is carefully to Inspect the passes 
offer'd there, and make himself a Judge of 
their authenticity. 

Returns are to be made Immediately to 
L! Col? Mead at Head Quarters of all the 
parties that have Join'd the Regim!! since the 
first of yf present Month, by the officers who 
march'd them to Camp — distinguishing the 
Draughts from the Enlisted, or Re-enlisted; 
and Similar Returns of Such parties, as shall 
arrive hereafter, Immediately upon their Com- 
ing to Camp 



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Valley Forge, 18'h April 1778. 

Brigadier Muhlenburg 

. Col? Green tsf LT Colonel Melon 

B. Major Claiborne 

Inspector from Poor's Brigade 

IN the Returns call'd for yesterday from 
the officers marching Parties into Camp — 
The General expects lists of the mens 
Names ; In which, distinction is to be 
made of the Draughts, Re-enlisted, and others. 
The officers are to ascertain the Numbers that 
were committed to their Care in the Several 
States they march'd from, and account for the 
Difference, If any there be, between that, and 
the N? they bring to Camp : They are also to 
note against each mans Name, the Regiment 
to which he belongs, and goes to. This order 
is Strictly to be Complied with. 



Valley Forge, zp'.? April 17/8 

Brigadier Poor 

. . LT Col? Miller £s", Major Ward 

B. Major M^Cormick 

Inspector from Glovers Brigade 

fT-^HE Sub Inspectors, will each Super- 
intend the Discipline of the Brigades 
according to the following Divisions 
JL — (Towit) M r . Tenarent, Wood- 
ford's, Scotts, and M? Intosh's. L? Col? 
Brooks, I s . 1 & 2? Pens? Poor's and Glover's. 
L! Col? Davies, Lerned's, Patterson's, Wee- 
don's, & Muhlenburgs. . 12 Col? Barber, 



im J 



VALLEY 



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Maxwell's, Conway's, Huntingdon's & Var- 
nums. 

The orderly Office will be open'd at 
General Varnum's old Quarters, between his, 
and General Huntingdon's Brigades 

Valley Forge, 20$ April iyj8' 

Brigadier Maxwell 

LT Col? Weysenfulls 

B. Major, Berryan 

Inspector from Learneds Brigade 

ASSES sign'd by Docf Cochran, Di- 
rector of the flying Hospital, to any 
in his Department, are to be deem'd 
valid 



p 



21'! April 78 — 

Brigadier Wayne 

. . LT Col? Harney £sf, LT Col? Buford 
B: Major, Bailey 

Inspector from Patterson's Brigade. 

NO Pay-master is to be Discharg'd, 
but by the Commander in Chief, 
or Officer Commanding in a sepe- 
rate Department, and none of them 
are to apply for Discharges, without, first 
obtaining, and producing, from the Pay 
Master General . . . Auditors of accounts, 
and Officers Commanding the Regiments 
they belong to, ample certificates, of their 
having setled their accounts properly with 
the publick, and their Regiments. This is 
to be Consider'd a standing order — 



[ 2 94] 



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The Colonels, and Commanding officers 
of Regiments, are to make it an Invariable 
rule to review their respective Regiments 
once in every Week. . . . look into the state 
and condition of their mens arms, accoutri- 
ments and Cloathing, and know precisely the 
state of them and where every man is. 

The Brigadiers, and officers Commanding 
Brigades are to do the same by their respect- 
ive Brigades, at least once a fortnight. In 
a word, It is expected from both, that every 
possible care, and attention will be paid to 
keep their men together, and the Arms, 
Cloathing and accroutriments in good order. 
These are also to be consider'd as standing 
orders ; but not to superseed the daily In- 
spection of the Subordinate officers agreable 
to former orders 



Valley Forge, 22 d . April 1778 

Brigadier, Varnum 

. LT Col? Coleman, £sf Major Ledyard 

B, Major Harskell 

Inspector from Weedon's Brigade 



f""T| — ^HE F. M. Gen! is without delay 
apropriate a sufficient N° of Whe 



to 

apropriate a sufficient JN.° of Wheat 
Fields in the Vicenity of the Camp 
.JbL, to serve as Forage ground — to 
allot to each Brigade, an extent proportion'd 
to its strength, which is to be clearly mark'd 
out, and to make a report of the whole at 
head quarters, and the Quarter M. Gen!, 
as well, a particular return to each Brigade 



C 2 95 ] 



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Forage Master of the Proportion assign'd to 
his Brigade. The Commanding off?! of Bri- 
gades, are to give strict orders to prevent 
mutual encroachments, by exceeding the limits 
assign'd to each 

Valley Forge, 23 d . April 1778 

Brigadier Poor 

. . . LT Col? Bassett & Major Haws 

B. Major Seely 

Inspector from Muhlenburg's Brigade 

MOST scandalous performance has 
made its appearance in the Philadel- 
phia Evening Post of the 3? of this 
.Month ; bearing all the marks of a 
genuine act of Congress, setting forth, that 
those brave men, who have Enlisted, or have 
been Draughted to serve in the Continental 
army for any Limitted time, are nevertheless 
to be detain'd during the war between these 
United States & Great Brittain — The Com- 
mander in Chief Informs the army that this 
publication is as false, as 't is wicked ; and it 
is Intended to induce those who have already 
Enlisted, or have been Draughted, to Desert; 
and to Intimidate others from engaging in the 
service of their Country. Our Enemies find- 
ing themselves unable to reduce us by fore (sic) 
of arms ; are now practising every Insidious art, 
to gain time, & Disunite us ; but the General 
hopes, that men who have struggled with every 
Difficulty and encounter'd every Danger, are 
not to be conquer'd by artifices, which are so 



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easily expos'd. It is necessary to give warn- 
ing to such weak men, as might otherwise 
be Deluded, by the Traiterous promises of 
the Enemy ; that under pretence of sending 
Deserters from this army, passage free to 
great Brittain, or Ireland, there to be set at 
large, they confine them on Ship board, with 
a view, either to force them into their Service 
as Seamen, or Transport them as Recruits 
to some Garrison — 

Valley Forge ; 24? April 1778 

Brigadier, Muhlenburg 

LT Col? Regnier, Sff Major Peters 

B. Major, Walker 

Inspector from Maxwells Brigade 

Valley Forge, 2j'h April 1778. 

Brigadier — Patterson 

. . LT Col? Olney, £5* Major Mintzes 

B. Major Tenyche 

Inspector from Conway's Brigade 

Valley Forgs, 26* April 1778. 

Brigadier Maxwell 

. Col? Broadhead, £3" LT Col? Bradley 

B. Major, Marvin 

Inspector from Huntington's Brigade 

THE Commander in Chief has been 
Inform'd, that it is a common prac- 
tice for Soldiers to go about the 
Country, and make use of his Name 
to extort from the Inhabitants by way of Sale 
or gift any Necessaries that they want ; either 
for themselves or others He strictly enjoins 
it upon Officers, to take the most effectual 

[ 2 97 ] 



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measures, to put a stop to a practice so daring 
& Infamous ; & assures all concern'd ; that 
If any Persons shall be Detected in yf Com- 
mission of it, they will be punish'd with every 
circumstance of Disgrace & Severity 

The Commanding Officers of Regiments 
are desir'd to wait on the Commander in 
Chief at head Quarters at 10 °C1 precisely 
Tomorrow morning. 

April 27* 1778 Faley Forge 

Brigadier, Wayne 

. . LT Col? Vousee (?) Major Hay 
M. Brigade Johnston 

Inspector Varnums 

LT Col? Fleury is to act as Inspector, 
and will attend the Barron Steuben 
till Circumstances will admit of assign- 
ing a Division of the army — each 
Inspector is to be attended dayly by an orderly 
Serjeant, drawn by turns from the Brigade of 
his own Inspection, that the Necessary orders, 
may be Communicated, without delay — 

Head Quarters Faley Forge — April 28'}. 1778 

Brigadier Varnum 

. . . LT Col? Harskill Major Talbot 

Maf. B. g Minnis 

Inspectors Woodford 

THE Commanding Officers of Reg- 
iments, are desired to prevent their 
men, from Stragling, that they may 
be ready to turn out on the Shortest 
Notice. It is Expected that the Several 

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Brigades, will be Compleated, as Soon as 
possible, with forty rounds p r Man — the 
Brigade Q. Masters, will make out Returns 
immediately for that purpose. — They must 
be Signd by the Commanding officers of 
Brigades. — 



April — 29* 1778 

Brigadier Poor 

. Col? Clark Major Gaskins 

B : Major Claiborne 

Inspector — i?. T Penns^ 

EACH officer who mounts Guard in 
future, will bring his name — Regi- 
ment & Brigade ; wrote on a piece 
of Paper, which he will deliver to 
the B-Maj' of the day, when he is appointing 
them to their Several Guards — 
Strict compliance with this order is expected, 
as it will Shorten the duty of the Parade — 

Many Inconveniences having attended the 
order of the 17!! 1 Ins* by confining the pur- 
chasing of Milk and other necessaries for the 
use of the Sick to the Regim^ Q. Masters — 
Instead of that mode, a Discreet Serjiant & few 
men, according to the number of Sick in the 
Regiment, are to be Sent out daily to purchase 
Such articles, with passes from Commanding 
officers, of Brigades respectively. 

In order to prevent any Disputes which 
may arise hereafter, among the officers of the 
Virginia line, relative to the Distribution of 



1*99] 



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the Drafts from that State — the following 
mode is to be henceforward observed 

The Draughts are upon their arrival in 
Camp, to be brought to that Brigade, to 
which the officer, who Conducts them from 
Virginia Belongs — They are to Continue 
with that Brigade, for the space of 24 Hours, 
that they may have time to inform themselves 
of the Situation of the different Regiments 
in the line where their Relations Friends & 
Acquaintances are — After the expiration 
of the 24 Hours, They Shall be respectivly 
brought before the Officer Commanding the 
Brigade, and make their free election of Corps, 
which Shall be binding & obligatory, pro- 
vided the Regiment they chose, Shall not 
be fully Compleated ; In that case they are 
to have another choice. While the Draughts 
continue in the Brigade, at which they first 
arrive, they Shall draw provisions by order 
of the Commanding officer — and if they 
have not had the Small pox, they Shall be 
Inoculated by the Surgeons of S? Brigade — 

These orders are constantly to be made 
known to the Draughts upon their arrival, 
& if any Officer is convicted of making use 
of undue means, to induce the Draughts to 
Join their Regiment or Company, he may de- 
pend upon being called to Severe Account — 

Complaint having been made by M' 
Dewees, proprietor of the Valley Forge, that 
the Soldiers pull down the Houses, and 
break up the Fire Bays, at what is called the 



ORDERLY 



BOOK 



New Forge, upon Valley Creek; The Com- 
mander in Chief strictly forbids all Persons 
from further damaging the S? Buildings & 
works which he hopes will be punctually at- 
tended to — especially when they consider the 
great loss, which Mf Dewees, has already 
Suffered by the Enemy, & by the great waste 
which our army has been under the necessity 
of Committing, upon his wood, & other 
Improvments — 



Head Quarters Valey Forge — May — j'* Ifj8 
Brigadier — Muhlenburg 

. . CoL?J COURTLAND Li COL? InNIS 

B. Major Ogden 

Inspector — Poors 

THE Brigade Q. Masters, are daily 
to attend, at the orderly office, for 
the orders of the Quarter Master 
Gen! Precisely at 3 OClock, in the 
afternoon, — it is expected this order will be 
Strictly comply' d with, or the Delinquents 
may depend on being Severely noticed by the 
Quarter Master Gen! 

As the Adjutant Gen! is now furnish'd with 
the Names of all the men in the Hospitals, 
and the Regiments they belong to — Also 
of those who died, Deserted, & were Dis- 
charged, from them at different Times — 
Officers Commandf Regt? & Companies, are 
therefore desired immediately, to apply to 
him, & get an Exact account of their men 

[301 ] 



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Respectively, before they attest their Muster 
Rolls for the last month, and every month 
hereafter, as Such Returns are to be made 
Regularly for the future, to prevent the 
uncertainty heretofore Experienc'd — The 
Muster Master also & his Dep^f. are order'd 
to be more careful hereafter, and not to certify 
Any Muster Rolls, unless the duty every 
absent man is on, or the Hospital, he is in, 
is mentioned in the Muster Roll, 

On the day of Muster, the men are to be 
brought upon the parade Clean Dress'd, with 
their Regimentals, and with their arms & 
Accoutrements. — they are to be drawn up 
in the order in which they Stand upon their 
own, with arms Shouldered, and Bayonets 
Fix'd. — Officers Take post in front of their 
respective companies, and continue there dur- 
ing the Time of muster — 

The Fiel? & Staff Officers are to attend, 
and no Off' or Soldier to be absent unless 
on duty, or Prevented by Sickness, — The 
Rolls must be made out with all Possible 
fairness, & agreable to the Directions given, 
by the Officers of Musters 



[302 ] 



ORDERLY 



BOOK 



Valey Forge. — May 2 d — iff '8 

Brigadier — Patterson 

. LT Col? Brent Major Johnston 
B. Major Berryan 

Inspector from Glover 

THE Commander in Chief Directs, 
that Divine Service be perform'd 
every Sunday at 1 1 O Clock, in 
those Brigades to which there are 
Chaplains — those which have none, to attend 
the place of Worship nearest to them — It 
is Expected, that Officers of all Ranks, will 
by their attendance, Set an Example to their 
men 

While we are Zeallously performing the 
duties of good Citizens, & Soldiers, we cer- 
tainly ought not to be inattentive to the 
higher duties of Religion. To the distin- 
guished Character of Patriot, it Should be 
our highest Glory, to add the more dis- 
tinguish'd Character of Christians. 
The Signal instances of providential goodness, 
which we have Experienced, and which have 
now almost Crown'd our Labours with com- 
pleat Success, demand from us in a peculiar 
manner, the warmest returns of Gratitude & 
Piety, to the Supreme author of all good — 



[3°3 ] 



VALLEY 



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Head Quarters Valey Forge — May — 3 r .f 1778 

Brigadier Maxwell 

. . . . Col? Weysen Major Thayer 
Major of Brigade Bannister 

Inspectors from Learneds 

N future, no guard in camp is to be 
suffer'd to remain on duty more than 
48 hours, without being reliev'd 
On monday next, the Several Brigades 
will begin their Exercise, at 6 O Clock, & 
Continue till 8 O Clock, in the morning; 
& from 5. to 6. in the afternoon — the men 
for guard not to attend the exercise 

The Medicine Chests, from Lr? Sterlings 
Division, to be Sent to the Yellow Springs, 
immediately to be fill'd by the Apothecarey 
Gen! — 

The Pay Masters of the Marques's, — 
& Gen! Waynes Divisions are to call on 
the pay master Gen! for a months pay next 
monday 

Poors, Glovers, & the Baron DeKalbs, 
on Tuesday — Weedons — Muhlenburgs — 
the artillery — & maxwells, on Wednesday — 
Late Conways — Huntingtons — Varnums, 
& M c Intoshes, on Thursday — 



[3°4] 



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BOOK 



Orderly Office — Valey Forge — 4'* May — 1778 

Brigadier — Wayne 

. . . Col? Martin Major Haite 
B — Major Harskill 

Inspectors : Pattersons 



r 1 1 

T 



"^HE Sub & Brigade Inspectors, are 
to be pointedly exact, in persueing 
the written instructions of the In- 
spector Gen!, that the Strictest uni- 
formity may be observed, throughout the 
whole army, they are not to practice a Single 
manoeuvre, without his directions — nor in 
a Method different from it. — Any altera- 
tion or Inovation, will again plunge the army 
into that contariety and confusion, from which 
it is endeavouring to emmerge. — The hours 
for exercise, are also to be exactly attended to 
by Each Brigade ; for which purpose, & that 
no difference may arise, on account of watches, 
proper attention, is to be paid, to the order 
of the first of last April for that of Regulat- 
ing them by the, A — Gen. 1 . 

The Commander in Chief Requests the 
Brigadiers and officers commanding — Bri- 
gades, will see these Orders Strictly comply'd 
with ; hoping we shall not let slip, the golden 
oppertunity, which now presents its self, of 
Disciplineing the army, and that Each Bri- 
gade, will vie with the other, in arriving at 
the highest & earliest pitch of Excellence — 
For the Sake of Decency, the General hopes, 
the Commanding officers of Regiments will 
order their Necessaries to be tied with Boughs, 



[ *>] 



[305 ] 



VALLEY 



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or hurdles, — the last tho' more troublesom 
at first, will always Serve, as they can easily 
be remov'd 



Orderly Office — Valey Forge May jl h 1778 

Brigadier — Poor 

. . Col? Nagle Major Gilman 

B. Major Seely 

Inspector — Weedons 

AARON OGDEN ESQ? is ap- 
pointed Brigade Major, in Briga- 
dier Gen! Maxwells Brigade, & is 
to be respected, & obey? accord- 
ingly — Mr Davis Beven, is appointed by 
the Q. Master Gen! to Superintend the arti- 
ficers, and to deliver out Boards, Plank, &c 
in future therefore, when Boards or Plank 
are wanting, or Artificers are necessary to do 
any Jobs, in the Army, an order Sign'd by 
a Gen! Off' Officers Commanding Brigades — 
or Brigade Ql Masters, & Directed to Ml 
Bevan at Sullivans Bridge, will be duly at- 
tended to — 

A flag goes into Phil? next Friday — 
At a Gen! Court Martial, whereof Major 
Tyler was Pres! — Gulf mills — May — 2 d — 
78 — John Morrel, a Soldier, in Col? H. 
Jacksons, Reg! Tried for Desertion from his 
post, while on Gentry, and unanimously found 
guilty, and Sentenc'd to be hung by his Neck, 
till he be Dead ; 

at a Brigade C. Martial, whereof Col? 
Bicker, was Pres! april 24^ 78 — ■ Thomas 



[3°6] 



Hartnet, of 2? Pen? Reg! Tried for Desertion 
to the enemy, and unanimously found guilty, 
& Sentenc'd to be hung by his neck, till he 
be dead — Approv'd by The Commander 
in Chief 

The Gen! Court martial, whereof Major Tyler, 
was Pres! is Desolv;d 

Gen 1 . After Orders. 6 Clock— P. M,— 

It having pleased the Almighty Ruler of 
the Universe propitiously to defend the cause 
of the united States of America, and finally, 
by raising us up a powerful friend, among the 
Princes of the Earth, to Establish our Liberty 
& Independan" upon lasting foundations; 
It becomes us to Set apart a day, for great- 
fully acknowledging the Divine Goodness, 
and celebrating the Important event, which 
we owe to his Benign interposition — The 
Several Brigades are to be assembled for this 
purpose, at 9 OClock Tomorrow morning, 
when their Chaplains will communicate the 
intelligence contain'd in the Postcript from 
the Pensylvania Gazette of the 2? Instant; & 
offer up a thanks giving, and deliver a dis- 
course Suitable to the Occasion — At half 
after 10 OClock, a Cannon will be fir'd which 
is to be a Signal, for the men to be under 
arms — 

The Brigade Inspectors, will then Inspect 
their dress and arms. . . . Form the Battalions 
according to the instructions given them, and 
announce to the Commanding officers of Bri- 



[307] 



VALLEY 



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gades, that the Battalion is form'd. — The 
Brigadiers or Commandants, will then appoint 
the Field Officers, to command the Battalions. 
. . . After which, each Battalion will be or- 
dered to load & Ground their arms — At 
half after n, a Cannon will be fired, as a 
signal for the march — upon which, the 
Several Brigades, will begin their march, by 
wheeling to the right by platoons, & proceed 
by the nearest way to their ground, in the 
new Position — This will be pointed out by 
the Brigade Inspectors — A 3? Signal will 
be given ; upon which their will be a discharge 
of 13 Cannon — when the 13 » has fir'd a 
Runing fire, of the Infantry, will begin on 
the right of Woodfords, & Continue thro'- 
out the whole front line — it will then be 
taken up on the left of the 2? line, and con- 
tinue to the right. — upon a Signal given, 
the whole army will Huzza — long live the 
King of France — The artillery then begins 
again, and fires 13 Rounds — this will be 
Succeeded by a general discharge of the Mus- 
kitry, in runing fire — Huzza, and long 
live the Friendly Uropean Powers. — Then 
the last discharge of 13 pieces of Artillery 
will be given followed by a general runing 
fire — and Huzza to the American States. — 
there will be no exercise in the morning, and 
the guards of the day, will not parade, till 
after the Feudejoy, is finish'd ; when the 
Brigadier Majors, will march them out to 
the grand Parade — The Adjutants then 

[308] 



ORDERLY 



BOOK 



Tell of their Battalions into eight platoons, 
And the Commanding Officer, will Reconduct 
them to their camp, marching by the left — 
Major Gen! L? Sterling, will command on the 
right, and the Marques De. La. Fayette, on 
the left, &, the Baron DeKalb, the 2? line — 
Each Major General, will conduct the i" Bri- 
gade of his Division, to its ground — 
The other Brigades, will be conducted by 
their Commanding officers in Seperate Col- 
umns — the posts of each Brigade, will be 
pointed out by Baron Stubens Aids — Major 
Walker, will attend L? Sterling — Major 
De Ponezs, the Marques D. L. Fayette, — 
& Cap? Lendfant, the Baron DeKalb — the 
line is to be form'd, with an Interval of 3 feet 
between each line — Each man is to have 
a Gill of Rum — The Quarter Masters of 
the Several Brigades are to apply to the Ad- 
jutant Gen!, for an order on the Commissary 
of Military Stores, for the Number, of Blank 
Catridges, that may be Wanted — 

Orderly Office, — Valey forge. 6'!} May — 1778. 

Major — General 

Brigadier Gen 1 . — M c Intosh 

Col? Malance Major Ellison 

B — MajT Marshall 

Inspector from — Weedon 

^ H ^HE Commander in chief, being 
more desirous to reclaim than Pun- 
ish offenders; and willing to Show 
Mercy to those who have been mis- 
led by designing Traitors, and that as many 



VALLEY 



FORGE 



as can, may participate the pleasures of this 
Truely Joyfull day — is pleased to pardon, 
W? M c Math, of the artillery — & John 
Marrel, of Col? Jacksons' Regiment, now 
under Sentence of Death, & orders their im- 
mediate reliefe, from confinement ; hoping that 
Gratitude to his clemency, will induce them 
in future, to behave like good Soldiers 

Brigade Orders — May — y — *?8 

At a Brigade Court Martial, whereof U. 
Col? Farmer was President — May 3?? 1778 — 
Devall Stripe, a Soldier, Tried for deserting 
from the Detachment with which he was 
Sent — The Court are of opinion, that the 
Prisoner Shall receive Thirty nine lashes — 
approved and ordered to be put in execution 
this evening at Retreatbeating, in The Regi- 
ment to which he belongs — 

W — Stewart Com?! 
The above Court Martial is Disolv'd, and 
an other ordered to Sit this day 1 1 OClock 
A M, for the trial of Such prisoners as Shall 
be brought before them — Major Falknier, 
is appointed president 

Orderly Office, Valey Forge, 7'* May, 1778 

Brigadier, Muhlenburg 

. . LT Col? Farmer Major Varnon 

B Maj. r, Tenyche 

Inspector, from Muhlenburgs 

Brig? Maxwell, Col? Broadhead, Col? Brewer 
LT Col? Shermon — LT Col? Harskill Maj? Hopkins, 
Maj? Porter 



[3IO] 



ORDERLY 



BOOK 



C. S. S. C. P. D& F 
Picquet I. . I. . I. . If 

Detachment . . . i. . 2. . 2. . 2. . 48 

THE Detachment to be on the Grand 
Parade, this Evening 4 OC! 
12 Captains — 24 Subs; 24 Ser- 
jiants — 24 Corporals — 4 Drum 
& fifes & 576 Privates, to be Paraded, at. 4 
OClock, this afternoon precisely — prepar'd 
for a Weeks Command — Two light Field 
pieces are to be attach'd to this command — 
Col? Vanschaik's Reg! will mount the Picquet 
at Cuckolds Town, Till farther orders — 
W? Barber Esq! is appointed A D Camp, 
To Maj ; . r Gen! U Sterling vice Major M c . 
Williams, who is Resign'd, & is to be re- 
spected accordingly 

The Honourable Congress have been 
pleas'd, by the Resolution of 3? Feb?! last, 
to require all Officers, as well as civil as 
Military holding Commissions under them, 
to Take & Subscribe, the Following oath or 
affirmation, according to the Circumstances of 
the parties 



[3"] 



ORDERLY 



BOOK 



Appendix 



At a Council of war held at Perth Amboy 

September 17 th 1776 — Present 

The Hon 1 ; Brig\ Gen[ Hugh Mercer 

Brigadier Generals Colonels 

Philemon Dickinson Clement Biddle D. Q. M. G. 

Daniel Roberdeau 

Mathias Williamson Samuel Griffin D. A. G. 

Mr J. Mercereau attended this Council. — 

GENERAL MERCER proposed to 
the Council that an Attack be made 
on Statten Island — he lay'd before 
them a general return of the Troops 
on the Jersey Posts from Fort Constitution 
to Amboy — A Report of a person employd 
to go on Statten Island who had penetrated to 
the Centre of the said Island & obtaind In- 
formation of the State of the Troops there — 
and a letter from Col! ! Ford informing of two 
Ships passing from Long Island to Statten 
Island w ch he supposed might convey a rein- 
forcement — Mr. Mercereau pointed out the 
posts of the Enemy by the Map — General 
Mercer desires the advice of this Council of 
the best Plan for carrying on the Attack of 
the said Island — It was the general Opinion 
that we were not prepared nor our Troops fitt 
for such a Service 



[312] 



INDEX 


Index 


A, B 


Abeel, , Colonel, n. 


Barber, Francis, Lieutenant Colonel, 


Adams, Daniel J., Major, 133, 136. 


57, 129, 137, 224, 242, 274, 293. 




Alden, Austin, Lieutenant, 235, 237. 


, William, Major, 47, 55, 151, 




, Roger, Major, 100, 119, 130, 


3"- 




182, 198, 219, 254. 


Bassett, Barakiah, Lieutenant 




Aldridge, , Major, 186. 


Colonel, 171, 223, 239, 254, 263, 




Alexander, William, Earl of Stirling, 


296. 




9, 17, 18, 36, 42, 43, 50, 56, 62, 63, 


Bates, , 10. 




65, 66, 73, 75, 77, 80, 85, 93, 95, 96, 


Bayard, Stephen, Lieutenant Colonel, 




114. 124, 129, 130, 132, 134, 137, 


9, 92, 124, 154. 




i45> T 49, *5h I 5 6 ^ l6 o, 161, 173, 


Baylor, George, Colonel, 18. 




177, 179, 185, 189, 192, 198, 201, 


Berrien, John, Brigade Major, 186, 




205, 212, 217, 220, 222, 224, 231, 


202, 220, 242, 276, 284, 294, 303. 




2 33> 2 34, 2 35> 2 36, 238, 239, 241, 


Berry, Benjamin, 214. 




242, 244, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 


Beven, Davis, 306. 




254, 256, 262, 263, 265, 266, 268, 


Bicker, Henry, Lieutenant Colonel, 




269,304, 309, 311. 


137, 192, 208, 244, 277, 290, 306. 




, Morgan, Major, 151. 


Biddle, Clement, Colonel, 57, 109, 




Allis, , Captain, 197. 


133, *45i I 5 2 - 




Allison, , Major, 124, 179, 277. 


Bigelow, Timothy, Colonel, 156, 205, 




Angell, Israel, Colonel, 94, 141, 172, 


229. 




183, 265. 


Bignal, George, 14. 




Anthony, Jacob, 139. 


Bird, Benjamin, Lieut. Colonel, 98. 




Apperson, Richard, Lieutenant, 12. 


, Thomas, Captain, 14. 




Armand, Charles Trefin, Colonel, 9. 


Blaine, , 225. 




Armitage House, 73. 


Bland, Theodorick, Colonel, 18, 98, 




Armours, , Lieutenant, 262. 


in, 113. 




Armstrong, John, General, 43, 44, 


Bloomfield, Joseph, Major, 42, 62, 




65, 73> 74- 


no, 275. 




Arnold, Benjamin, Ensign, 183. 


Bluford, William, 98. 




, Benedict, General, 29, 89, 125. 


Bodies, Wilsey, 167. 
Bopst, , Colonel, 138. 




Bailey, John, Brigade Major, 174, 


Bowman, Abraham, Colonel, 288. 




190, 206, 212, 229, 239, 250, 267, 


, Isaac, Major, 139, 140. 




277, 286, 294. 


Bradford, Gamaliel, Colonel, 146, 




Ball, Burgess, Major, 57, 69, 100, 


181, 192, 219, 249, 271, 291. 




187, 268. 


Bradish, David, Major, 177, 209, 




, William, Lieutenant, 246,247. 


264. 




Ballard, Robert, Lieutenant Colonel, 


Bradley, Philip Burr, Colonel, 85, 94, 




166, 197, 198, 208, 214, 215, 216, 


101, 124, 130, 174, 253, 262, 297. 




267. 


Brearley, David, Lieutenant Colonel, 




, William Hudson, Major, 39. 


55, 97, 108, 120, 129, 277, 287. 




Bannister, Seth, Brigade Major, 


Brent, William, Lieutenant Colonel, 




3°4- 


"9, 1 73, 3°3- 





[313 ] 



INDEX 



B, C 



Brewer, Jonathan, Colonel, 165, 235, 

282, 310. 
Brewster, Lott, Lieutenant Colonel, 

233> 2 49- 

, , Major, 50, 87, 123. 

Bride, Jeremiah, 215. 
Broadwater, Charles Lewis, Lieu- 
tenant, 233, 236, 237. 

, , Colonel, 235. 

Brock, John, Lieutenant, 79. 
Brodhead, Daniel, Colonel, 10, 76, 

97, i°3> 105, no, 115, 297,310. 
Brooks, John, Lieutenant Colonel, 

157, 238, 274, 293. 

Broomfield, , Lieut. Colonel, 250. 

Brown, Abijah, Colonel, 60, 61, 62, 

104. 

, Jack, 235. 

, James, 228. 

, Joshua, Captain, 205. 

Bruin, Peter Bryan, Captain, 122. 

Bruntler, John, 14. 

Buford, Abraham, Lieutenant 

Colonel, 107, 124, 220, 231, 233, 

236, 250, 275, 294. 

Buller, , Lieutenant Colonel, 71. 

Buncombe, Edward, Colonel, 56. 
Bunner, Rudolph, Lieutenant 

Colonel, 208, 229, 254. 
Burchardt, Daniel, Major, 112, 167, 

224, 243, 252. 
Burgoyne, John, General, 15, 60, 89, 

90, 95, 125. 

Burment, , 170. 

Burr, Aaron, Lieutenant Colonel, 

r 33> x 3 6 > J9 1 . 2 44, 2 46, 253, 267. 
Burress, Samuel, 253. 
Butler, , Lieutenant Colonel, 

116, 160,193, 283. 
Butler, Thomas, 226. 
Buzzard, Frederick, 213. 

Byan, , Lieutenant Colonel, 258. 

Byrne, James, 14. 

Cabell, Samuel Jordan, Major, 

232, 265, 268, 275. 
Calderwood, James, Captain, 87, 149. 
Calmes, Marquis, Captain, 222. 



Campbell, Richard, Major, 276. 

, , Captain, 62. 

Care of the Sick, 31. 

Carlton, Moses, Quartermaster, 89. 

, Samuel, Lieutenant Colonel, 

158, 194, 289. 

Carnel, , Doctor, 154. 

Carpenter, Samuel, Ensign, 177. 

Carson, , Ensign, 84. 

Caswell, Richard, Governor, 124. 

Chambers, James, Colonel, 99, 158. 

, Joseph, 124, 130. 

Chandler, John, Colonel, 80, 94, 247. 

Church, Thomas, Major, 201, 213, 
217, 258. 

Claiborne, Richard, Brigade Major, 
133, l 39> H9> 172, *86, 205, 222, 
238, 248, 255, 262, 267, 269, 273, 
281, 293, 299. 

Clark, Sir Francis Carr, 89. 

, John, Major, 269. 

, Thomas, Colonel, 69, yy, 124, 

204, 206, 213, 214, 217, 219, 221, 
223, 226, 231, 263, 299. 

, William, 231. 

Clarkson, Matthew, 269. 

Climer, Daniel, 154. 

Close, Adam, 14. 

Clothing, care of, 127, 128. 

Cochran, John, Doctor, 135, 141, 
183, 294. 

Cocke, Collin, Ensign, 187. 

Coffer, John, Lieutenant, 233, 237. 

Cogswell, Thomas, Major, 174. 

Coleman, Dudley, Lieutenant Colo- 
nel, 295. 

Comstock, Adam, Lieutenant Colo- 
nel, 177. 

Congress thanks Army, 124, 125. 

Congress orders additional pay, 

178. 
Connor, Morgan, Lieutenant Colo- 
nel, 69. 
Consolven, John, 153. 
Converse, Thomas, 275. 
Conway, John, Major, 198. 

, Thomas, Major General, 9, 

53; 57, 61, 69, 70, 72, 73, 82, 99, 



[314] 



INDEX 




ioi, no, 145, 223, 275, 2S6, 294, 


Dearlove, William, 213. 


C,D, E 


3°4- 


De Borres, Prud' Homme, Brigadier 




Conway, , Captain, 153. 


General, 88. 




Conway's Brigade, 297. 


De Haas Brigade, 108. 




Cook, Thaddeus, Colonel, 61, 176. 


D'Hart, William, Lieutenant Colo- 




, William, Colonel, 256. 


nel, IOI. 




, , Ensign, 217. 


DeKalb, John Baron, Major Gen- 




Corryell's Ferry, 16. 


eral, 138, 146, 150, 157, 166, 171, 




Coshall, Thomas, 253. 


176, 1S8, 191, 194, 202, 208, 212, 




Courtly, , Captain, 177. 


218, 220, 223, 229, 232, 233, 304, 




Court Martials, 9, 12, 64, 76, 101, 


3°9- 




112, 116, 117, 135, 137, 145, 147, 


Denop, , Count, 103. 




151, 152, 162, 167, 177, 180, 183, 


De Ponezs, Major, 309. 




184, 187, 195, 197, 198, 2or, 204, 


Deserting, 36, 114, 203, 221. 




206, 208, 213, 214, 215, 217, 220, 


Dewees, , Colonel, 183, 300. 




221, 223, 225, 226, 227, 23O, 23I, 


Dickerson, Henry, Captain, 83. 




2 3 2 > 2 33> 2 35> 236, 241, 246, 247, 


, , Major, 286. 




2 5 2 » 2 53. 2 5 6 > 2 57, 258, 260, 262, 


Discharge of Soldiers,. 207. 




265, 275, 280, 306, 310. 


Doughty, John, Captain, 80. 




Cox, John, 268. 


Draper, George, Doctor, 154. 




, , Major, 57, 77. 


Dreskill, Timothy, 187, 216. 




, William, 216. 


Driver, Edward, 215. 




Craick, James, Doctor, 87. 


Dufay, , Captain, 162. 




Craig, Thomas, Colonel, 201. 


Duffey, Patrick, Captain Lieutenant, 




, , Captain, 123. 


147, 148. 




, , General, 67. 


Duncan, Robert, 145. 




Craigg, Robert, Lieutenant, 64. 


, , Colonel, 173. 




Crane, Ambrose, Lieutenant, 9, 105. 


Dunn, Abner M., Lieutenant, 280. 




, John, Colonel, 106. 


, David, 228. 




Crawford, William, Colonel, 12, 66, 


Duportail, Louis Lebique, Colonel, 




81,86,88,91. 


41, 192, 225. 




Cropper, John, Major, 64, 97, 254. 


Durgie, , Colonel, 94. 




Cruise, Walter, Captain, 195. 


Durkee, John, Colonel, 103. 




Crump, Abner, Captain, 12, 97, 187. 


Duvall, , Brigade Major, 242, 

250, 265. 




Davidson, William Lee, Lieutenant 






Colonel, 170. 


Edjes, Jacob, 73. 




Davies, William, Lieutenant Colonel, 


Edwards, Joseph, 227. 




53, 83, 101, 121, 160, 194, 220, 


, Robert, 216. 




251. 254, 2 74, 280, 293. 


Ellis, Joseph, Colonel, 142. 




Davis, Israel, Captain, 231. 


Ellison, , Major, 309. 




, , Lieutenant, 265. 


Emmory, Richard, Major, 88, 95. 




Dawson, Levi, Major, 60, 167. 


Enslin, , Lieutenant, 257. 




Day, , Major, 9, 10, 36, 53, 61, 


Eppes, William, Lieutenant, 211, 




69, 85, 109, 122, 158, 167, 194, 


2 33- 




218, 233, 242, 252, 267. 


Erskin, , 1S2. 




Day of Fasting and Prayer, 287. 


Evans, , Colonel, 25. 




Dayton, Elias, Colonel, 64, 101. 


Ewing, , 173. 





[315] 



INDEX 



F,G, H 



Farmer, Lewis, Lieutenant Colonel, 
57, 119, 124, 149, 283, 310. 

Farndon, John, 58, 71, 75, 76. 

Farnold, , Major, 190. 

Faulkner, Ralph, Major, 310. 

Faxton, , Lieutenant Colonel, 

166. 

Febiger, Christian, Colonel, 9, 52, 

!3 2 » r 55- 

Fenew, , Major, 220. 

Fenner, William, Major, 240. 

Ferris, Nathan, Lieutenant, 103. 

Finney, , 77. 

Fish, Joseph, Lieutenant, 103. 

, Nicholas, Major, 160, 200, 275. 

Fletcher, Benjamin, 232. 

Fleury, Francois Louis de, Major, 
50, 56, 298. 

Force, , Major, 75. 

Ford, Benjamin, Lieutenant Colo- 
nel, 36, 57, 99. 

, Dunham, 180. 

, , Ensign, 84. 

Forman, David, Brigadier General, 
62 > 65, 73, 1 4°- 

Fort, , Lieutenant Colonel, 137. 

Fort Stanwix, Siege of, 29. 

Foster, Ebenezer, Ensign, 195. 

, , Captain, 133. 

Frazer, , General, 89. 

, Persifor, Colonel, 12. 

French, Mason, Lieutenant, 253. 

Fulinski, , 111. 

Furloughs, 174, 259. 

Gaming prohibited, 186. 
Gansevoort, Peter, Colonel, 29. 
Gaskins, Thomas, Major, 299. 
Gates, Horatio, General, 60, 89, 

125. 
Gest, Robert, 214. 
Gibbons, Jacob, 228. 

Gibson, , Colonel, 193. 

Gilman, Jeremiah, Major, 157, 194, 

222, 242, 306. 
Gilman, Nicholas, 193. 
Glover, John, Brigadier General, 

141, 167, 173, 293, 303, 304. 



Glover's Brigade, 275, 280, 293. 

Granvill, , Captain, 163. 

Grasol, , Colonel, 147. 

Graves, Thomas, 139. 

Gray, Ebenezer, Major, 244. 

, Neigol, Lieutenant Colonel, 

130, 182, 209, 281, 288. 
Grayson, William, Colonel, 17, 57, 

137, 162, 163, 186, 241. 
Grear, James, Captain, 234, 238, 

239- 
Greene, Christopher, Colonel, 94, 

125, 160, 293. 

, Nathaniel, Major General, 1, 

10, n, 16, 18, 25,27, 28, 33, 43, 
45, 55. 57. 58. 61. 63, 65, 71, 72, 
74. 8°. 8 7, 9 1 , 96, 99, i° 2 , 104, 
106, 109, 115, 118, 121, 123, 124, 

126, 129, 130, 132, 133, 139, i 43) 
149, 155, J 6i, 162, 167, 172, 174, 
180, 182, 189, 192, 194, 202, 209, 
215, 216, 219, 221, 224, 240, 241, 
243, 244, 248, 249, 250, 252, 254, 
258, 263, 264, 267, 268. 

, , Lieutenant Colonel, 85, 

95, 279, 280. 

Green, , Quartermaster, 170. 

Gressut, Edward, 261. 

Grier, David, Lieutenant Colonel, 

42, 109. 
Gudley, Judah, 11 1. 
Gunby, John, Colonel, 119. 
Gurney, Francis, Lieutenant Colonel, 

17, 95- 
Guy, , Lieutenant, 225. 

Hait, Joseph, Lieutenant Colonel, 

141, 305. 
Hall, David, Colonel, 99, 119, 133, 

193, 214. 

Han, , Lieutenant Colonel, 

92. 
Harmar, Josiah, Lieutenant Colonel, 

109, 122, 192, 195, 216, 273. 
Harney, Selby, Lieutenant Colonel, 

194, 249, 275, 294. 
Harper, John, Major, 39. 
Harrison, , Captain, 105. 



[3'6] 



INDEX 


Harskell, , Brigade Major, 254, 


Hughlins, , Major, 251. 


H, 1, 7, 


269, 277, 287, 295, 2gS, 305, 310. 


Hull, William, Major, 170, 239^ 


K, L 


Hart, D., Lieutenant Colonel, 57. 


275. 




, Joseph, Major, 1S9. 


Hulling, , Major, 275. 




Hartley,Thomas, Lieutenant Colonel, 


Humpton, Richard, Colonel, 120, 




22, 58, 71, 83, 234. 


r 93- 




Hartnet, Thomas, 306. 


Huntingdon, Jedediah, Brigadier Gen- 




Harvey, , Lieutenant Colonel, 


eral, 82, 87, 94, 97, 101, 109, 129, 




212. 


J 34» 137, 141. i5°» ^S) l6 7, I73> 




Hathaway's Militia, 142. 


192, 205, 219, 231, 236, 241, 249, 




Hawes, Samuel, Major, 205, 229, 248, 


254, 275, 287, 294, 297, 304. 




273, 296. 


Hutchings, Hollis, 232. 




Hay, Samuel, Major, 47, 77, 189, 






239, 29S. 


Ingles, John, Captain, 275. 




Haysh, , Major, 267. 


Ingram, , Lieutenant Colonel, 83. 




Hazlewood, Commander, 126. 


Innis, James, Lieutenant Colonel, 




Hazon, Moses, Colonel, 64. 


56, 115, 301. 




Hazon's Regiment, 118. 


Irvinejames, Brigadier General, 115, 




Heartly, , Captain, 87. 


122, 126, 133, 145. 




Heath, , Lieutenant Colonel, 


Irwin, Matthew, Captain, 87. 




104, 170. 






Hendricks, James, Colonel, 50, 62. 


Jackson, Henry, Colonel, 306, 310. 




Henley, Archer, m. 


Jameson, John, Major, 201. 




Henry, , Lieutenant Colonel, 


Jenkin's Tavern, 73. 




162. 


Johns, Griffith, 269. 




Heth, William, Lieutenant Colonel, 


Johnson, Jonathan, Major, 17, 62, 




*37- 


66, 80, 99, 108, 234, 243, 254, 




Hill, , Major, 234. 


263, 265, 268, 298, 303. 




Hitchcock, , Major, 88, 94, 107, 


, Mary, 215. 




118, 129, 136, 146, 234. 


, Richard, 216. 




Hogan, James, Colonel, 50, 117. 


Johnston, , Colonel, 30, 94. 




Hogg, Thomas, Major, 134. 


Jones, , 220. 




Hoomes, Benjamin, Lieutenant, 9. 


Joynes, Levin, Major, 62. 




Hopkins, Samuel, Major, 211, 212, 






230, 232, 233, 310. 


Kait, , Major, 102. 




Hotawell, , 180. 


Keeping of Horses, 182. 




How, , Sergeant, 205. 


Keith, Lieutenant, 215. 




Howard, John Eager, Major, 99, 147, 


Kelley, , Brigade Major, 194. 




148, 149. 


Kemper, , 129. 




Howe, Robert, Brigadier General, 


Kennon, John, 29. 




107. 


Keyton, John, 216. 




, William, General, 2, 3, 153, 272. 


Kincaid, , Adjutant, 64. 




Howell, , Major, 33, 62. 


Kinkale, Reuben, 232. 




Hubley, Adam, Lieutenant Colonel, 


Kirk, Philip, 227. 




112, 189, 277. 


Knox, Henry, General, 56, yj, 177. 




Hudson, William, Ensign, 229, 230, 






233- 


Lafayette, Marquis de, Major 




Hughes, John, 170. 


General, 149, 154, 156, 160, 165, 





[317] 



INDEX 


L, M 


170, i73> T 79, 186, 190, 192, 193, 


Mabon, , Lieutenant Colonel, 




200, 208, 309. 


265. 




Laird, David, Captain, 236. 


McClanachan, Alexander, Colonel, 




Lamb, John, Colonel, 60, 112, 154, 


IOI. 




214, 225. 


McClenachan, Colonel, 9, 12. 




Lambert, George, Captain, 197. 


McClintock, Nathaniel, Brigade 




Lames, , Colonel, 253. 


Major, 156, 165, 177, 191, 212. 




Laurance, John, 37, 69. 


McClure, John, 177. 




Laurence, William, in, 112. 


, , Brigade Major, 155, 162, 




Lautermilk, Jacob, Lieutenant, 211. 


176, 189, 209, 242. 




Lawson, John, 88. 


McCormick, Henry, 167. 




, Robert, Colonel, 55, 102. 


, George, Captain, 105. 




Learned, Simon, General, 137, 143, 


, , Brigade Major, 173, 188, 




166, 167, 179, 192, 251, 275, 293, 


208, 223, 238, 263, 275, 283, 293. 




3°4- 


McDougall, Alexander, Major Gen- 




Learned's Brigade, 145, 156,280,294. 


eral, 65, 66, 73, yy, 82, 92, 94, 96, 




Ledger, , Major, 162. 


97, 101, 102, 107, 108, 109, no, 




Ledyard, Benjamin, Major, 270, 295. 


115, 116, 119. 




Lee, , Captain, 66, 69, 123, 


, Ranald Stephen, no. 




200, 201, 217. 


McGibbeney, , Lieutenant, 204. 




, , General, 67. 


McGowan, John, Major, 97, 107, 




L' Enfant, Pierre Charles, Captain, 


116, 124, 134, 145, 157, 173, 189, 




3°9- 


208, 224, 239, 249, 264, 275. 




Leonard, David, Brigade Major, 216, 


McGown, , Captain, 108. 




231, 240. 


Mclntire, William, 213, 216. 




Levering's Tavern, 73. 


Mcintosh, Ann, 216. 




Lewis, , Captain, 41. 


, Lachlan, Brigadier General, 




, , Colonel, 22, 89. 


160, 167, 170, 174, 186, 194, 209, 




Lincoln, Benjamin, General, n, 18, 


217, 222, 233, 238, 242, 243, 251, 




65, 89, 125. 


256, 258, 262, 267, 275, 276, 288, 




Lindsay, , Lieutenant, 201. 


293. 3°4, 3°9- 




Linslow, , Major, 241. 


, William, 216. 




Liquors, Prices of, 12. 


McKnight, Charles, Doctor, 152. 




Little, , Lieutenant Colonel, 173. 


Mc March, William, 217. 




Littlefield, Noah M., Lieutenant 


McMath, William, 310. 




Colonel, 193, 241, 266. 


McWilliams, William, Vice Major, 




Livingston, Henry Beekman, Colo- 


3"- 




nel, 147, 198, 229, 269. 


Maddock, William, 227. 




Lloyd, James, 56. 


Maglesworth, , Colonel, 258. 




Lockhart, Samuel, Major, 52, 83, 


Mailons, , Colonel, 108. 




84, 95> T 37- 


Malance, , Colonel, 309. 




Luken's Mill, 74. 


Malcolm, William, Colonel, 82, 87, 




Lyne, Charles, 140. 


149. 




Lynley, , Lieutenant Colonel, 


Marcum, , Colonel, 257. 




87, 129, 206, 236. 


Markham, John, Lieutenant Colonel, 




Lyon, , Major, 55. 


105. 




Lytle, Archibald, Lieutenant Colo- 


Markie, President, 201. 




nel, 107. 


Marrel, John, 310. 



[3'8] 



INDEX 


Marrin, , Brigade Major, 200. 


Morgan, Simon, Lieutenant, 98. 


M, N, 


Marshall, Elihu, Brigade Major, 309. 


Morgan's Light Corps, 136, 142, 240, 




, John, Lieutenant, 134. 


251. 




, Thomas, Colonel, 39, 77, 116, 


Morrel, John, 306. 




280. 


Morrell, , Major, 60. 




Marskill, , Adjutant, 242. 


Morris, Daniel, 73. 




Martin, Alexander, Colonel, 47, 92, 


, Francis, 198. 




no, 138, 305. 


, Lewis, Major, 94. 




Marvin, , Brigade Major, 220, 


Moylan, Stephen, Colonel, 18, 91, 




235, 244, 256, 270, 280, 290, 297. 


92, in, 123. 




Mathews, George, Colonel, 33. 


Muhlenberg, Peter, Brigadier Gen- 




Maury, Abraham, Lieutenant, 153. 


eral, 9, 13, 18, 27, 28, 44, 52, 69, 




Maxwell, William, Brigadier Gen- 


71, 80, 91, 95, 100, 101, 108, 124, 




eral, 18, 29, 45, 52, 73, 91, 104, 


139, Hh J 4 6 > I 54. l6 7, 171, 187, 




105, 117, Il8, 120, 121, 122, 129, 


214, 249, 250, 252, 254, 264, 269, 




134, i45> J 49r 156, 165, 188, 194, 


280, 283, 287, 293, 296, 297, 301, 




212, 223, 233, 239, 244, 271, 275, 


3°4, 3 10 - 




277, 282, 284, 288, 293, 294, 297, 


Mullens, Thomas, Major, 70, 104, 




304, 306, 310. 


115, 129, 236. 




Mead, , 153,265. 


Murphy, , Major, 241, 266. 




Meade, Richard Kidder, Lieutenant 


Murray, Francis, Major, 77, 154. 




Colonel, 83, 121, 240, 256, 280, 292. 


, John, Major, 80. 




Mealy, Edward, 14. 






Mease, James, Doctor, 1, 5, 6, 7. 


Nagel, George, Lieutenant Colonel, 




Mellen, James, Lieutenant Colonel, 


89, 126, 150, 217, 306. 




293- 


Nash, Francis, Brigadier General, 




Mentges, Francis, Major, 114, 137, 


42, 43. 55. 5 8 > 6 3, 64, 65, 73, 76, 




185, 297. 


124. 




Mercer, Hugh, Colonel, 3, 5, 7. 


Nelson, , Colonel, 80. 




Meriwether, David, Ensign, 153. 


, , 120. 




Miller, , Lieutenant Colonel, 


Nevenis, , Captain, 149. 




66, 69, 100, 129, 155, 262, 270, 293. 


Neville, John, Lieutenant Colonel, 




, , Major, 166. 


61, 94, 281, 288. 




Millin, , Lieutenant Colonel, 


Nichola, Lewis, Colonel, 152. 




170, 202. 


Nicholas, George, Lieutenant Colo- 




Minnis, , Brigade Major, 117, 


nel, 71, 114. 




126, 139, 147, 160, 171, 185, 


Nichols, Francis, Major, 75, 191, 




221, 236, 247, 258, 271, 280, 291, 


267. 




298. 


Norse, , Lieutenant Colonel,i93. 




Monhart, John, 257. 


North, Caleb, Major, 145, 248. 




Monroe, James, 134. 


Nunn, , Brigade Major, 150. 




Monument to General Nash, 124. 






Moon, Jacob, 9. 


Ogden, Aaron, 306. 




Moore, Thomas, Lieutenant, 105. 


, Joseph, 230. 




, , Ensign, 10. 


, Matthias, Colonel, 107, 108, 




, , Major, 217, 233,288. 


*45> I 5 2 , 235, 252, 263, 275, 282, 




Morgan, Daniel, Colonel, 129, 136, 


301. 




170, 190. 


Oliver, , Lieutenant, 260, 261. 





[319] 



INDEX 



O, P, R 



Olney, Jeremiah, Lieutenant Colo- 
nel, 139, 297. 
Overton, Thomas, Adjutant, 10. 
Oxford, Godfrid, 30. 

Palfrey, William, Lieutenant Colo- 
nel, 278. 

Park, , Lieutenant Colonel, 69. 

Parker, Josiah, Lieutenant Colonel, 
16, 20, 36, 114, 124, 130, 229, 
268, 287. 

, Paul, Captain, 83. 

, , Lieutenant, 261. 

, , Brigade Major, 89, 100, 

119, 132, 160. 

Paskill, , Brigade Major, 224, 

244. 

Paterson, John, Brigadier General, 
137, 145, 166, 172, 176, 185, 192, 
193, 201, 208, 217, 220, 224, 228, 
232, 238, 241, 242, 250, 256, 265, 
270, 275, 277, 281, 288, 293, 294, 

297, 3°3. 3°5- 

, William, 112. 

Patton, , Colonel, 83, 107, 133, 

200, 221, 280, 289. 
Pawling, Albert, Major, 238, 256, 280. 
Pearce, Job, Major, 12, 22, 33, 52, 

60, 69, 83, 99, no. 
Pelton, Thomas, 216. 
Pennypacker's Mills, Camp at, 1. 
Peters, Andrew, Major, 171, 220, 

275, 297. 
Pettit, Charles, 268. 
Pickering, Timothy, Colonel, 106, 

191. 
Piatt, Richard, Major, 71, 87, no. 
Plundering, 21, 22, 31, 32, 37, 38, 

42, 43. 54, 5 8 > l68 - 
Polk, William, Colonel, 55, 75, 115, 

176. 
Poor, Enoch, Brigadier General, 145, 
151, 165, 173, 182, 192, 208, 220, 
249, 254, 263, 268, 275, 278, 279, 
280, 286, 291, 293, 296, 299, 301, 

3°4, 3° 6 - 
Pope, Charles, Lieutenant Colonel, 
100, 132. 



Porter/ , Major, 172, 208, 250, 

275, 310. 

Potter, James, General, 154, 258. 

Powell, Levin, Lieutenant Colonel, 
122. 

Prentiss, Samuel, Lieutenant Colo- 
nel, 94, 100, 188. 

Price, , Colonel, 97, 132. 

Proctor, Thomas, Colonel, 225, 
258. 

Pulaski, Casimer, Brigadier General, 
55. 69, i". 

Rains, Giles, Lieutenant, 98. 

Ramsey, Nathaniel, Lieutenant Colo- 
nel, 151. 

Rations, 10, 22, 23, 27, 31, 41, 78, 
150, 151,225. 

Read, , Colonel, 62. 

Reed, Archibald, 156. 

, Thomas, 276. 

, , Major, 118, 149. 

, Lieutenant Colonel, 156, 286. 

Reely, John, 184, 186, 188. 

Regnier, , Lieutenant Colonel, 

222, 276, 297. 

Religious services, 303. 

Rhea, David, Lieutenant Colonel, 
108, 224, 232, 250. 

Rice, Stephen, 213. 

, , Captain, 258. 

Richard, , Captain, in. 

Richardson, William, Colonel, 69, 91 . 

, , Major, 89. 

Richedson, Holt, Lieutenant Colo- 
nel, 134. 

Roach, Thomas, 106, 109, 114. 

Robertson, , 252, 253. 

Ross, James, Lieutenant Colonel, 22, 

75, I0 7- 

Rumney, , Colonel, 69. 

Russell, Giles, Lieutenant Colonel, 

95, 121, 247, 249, 269, 291. 
Rust, John, Lieutenant, 233, 236. 
Ruther, Michael, 139. 
Ryan, Michael, Major, 173, 198, 231, 

234, 2 3 8 > 2 75- 
, Thomas, 226. 



[3 2 °] 



] 


N D E X 




Sale of liquors, 290. 




Spencer, , 180. 




S 


Sambre, , Colonel, 1S0. 




Spotswood, , Colonel, 42. 






Sandridge, Austin, 29. 




Sprout, Ebenezer, Lieutenant Colo- 




Scammell, Alexander, Colonel, 


176, 


nel > 193, 231, 235, 275. 






177, 191. 




Stagg, John, Brigadier Major, 


193, 




Scott, Charles, Brigadier General, 17, 


233,241,251, 266. 






18, 36, 42, 57, 58, 60, 64, 66 


, 69, 


Stark, John, Brigadier General, 


I 5- 




77, 95, 107, 108, 116, 119, 


121, 


Starr, Josiah, Lieutenant Colonel, 




124, 132, 145, 167, 177, 190, 


202, 


123, 185, 238, 254. 






217, 229, 235, 240, 247, 248, 


249, 


Steel, , Captain, 87. 






280, 290, 293. 




Stephen, Adam, Major General 


,12, 




Scott, Joseph, 28. 




16, 17, 18, 22, 39, 43, 53, 57, 


63, 




, Thomas, 213. 




64» 65. 69, 72, 75, 8 3» 89, 94 


96, 




Scull, Peter, Major, 102, 132, 1 


54- 


100, 102, 106, 107, no, 115, 


116, 




Seamms, , Colonel, 167. 




135, I 49- 






Sedgwick, John, Major, 104, 132. 


Stephens, , Colonel, 87, 


101, 




Seely, Isaac, Brigade Major, 


279. 


*53- 






288, 296, 306. 




Sterret, William, Major, 53, 85, 


126. 




Sentries, sitting on posts, 11. 




Steuben, Frederick William Augus- 




Serjeants, , Captain, 106. 




tus, Baron de, 273, 298, 309. 






Shagg, , Captain, 205. 




Stevens, , Colonel, 16, 18. 






Sheldon, Elisha, Colonel, 18/1 1 1 


112. 


Stewart, , Colonel, 9, 14, 42 


,72, 




Sherman, Isaac, Lieutenant Colonel, 


79, 9i, ioii 140, 243, 260, 278 






212, 290, 310. 




, W. 310. 






Shreve, Israel, Colonel, 244. 




Stirling, Lord (see Alexander). 






Shriver, , Colonel, 190. 




Stoddard, , Brigade Major, 


*33> 




Shugart, Zacharius, Lieutenant, 


210. 


145, 149, J 54- 






Sill, David Fithian, Major, 121, 


216, 


Stokes, John, Lieutenant, 207. 






2 33- 




Stoner, John, Captain, 98. 






Silly, , Colonel, 284. 




Straggling, 21, 45, 50, 248, 298. 






Simms, Charles, Lieutenant Colonel, 


Street, , Lieutenant, 280. 






62, 145, 284. 




Stripe, Devall, 310. 






Sims, Micajah, 153. 




Strobough, , Lieutenant Colo- 




Slaughter, , Major, 130. 




nel, 253, 258. 






Smallwood, William, General, 6 


U7h 


Stubblefield, Beverly, Lieutenant 


,12. 




73, s 3» 99, i°8, 115, "9. 124, 


132, 


, George, Major, 56, 99, 


151, 




137, i43> 187. 




208. 






Smith, Charles, 221 




Sullivan, John, Major General, 


42, 




, William, 252. 




44, 47, 52, 57, 60, 62, 63, 65, 


69, 




, , Lieutenant, 13. 




72, 74, 77, 85, 86, 92, 93, 96 


97, 




, , Captain, 275. 




99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 107, 


108, 




, , Major, 64, 108, no, 


*43- 


112, 114, 116, 117, 119, 122, 


126, 




, , Lieutenant Colonel, 


126. 


127, 134, 135, x 36, 147, 154, 


158, 




Sneed, Thomas, Major, 62, 


104, 


161, 164, 192, 200, 205, 234, 


237, 




157, 239. 




240, 251, 253, 254. 






Spencer, , Major, 189. 




Summer, , Colonel, 100. 






, , Colonel, 77, 108, 


123, 


Summers, Simon, Adjutant, 26. 






176, 213. 




Sumner, John, Major, 80, 188, 2 


79- 





["] 



[321 ] 



INDEX 



s,r,v,w 



Swaine, , Major, 13, 28. 

Swift, Heman, Colonel, 75, 94, 103, 

118, 156, 180, 258. 
Swords presented to Green, Hazle- 

wood, and Smith, 125, 126. 
Syms, , Lieutenant Colonel, 62, 

80, 109, 184, 187. 

Talbot, Silas, Major, 219, 235, 251, 

263, 298. 

Talbot, , Serjeant, 153. 

Taliaferro, William, Lieutenant, 

Colonel, 10. 
Tallmage, James, Captain, in. 
Taylor, Francis, in. 
, John, Major, 77, 117, 179, 

229, 271. 
Tenney, Samuel, Doctor, 141. 
Tenyche, , Brigade Major, 279, 

289. 297, 3 10 - 

Ternant, , 274, 293. 

Terry, Nathaniel, Lieutenant, 211, 

233- 

Thackston, James, Lieutenant, Colo- 
nel, 58, 99, 101. 

Thayer, Simeon, Major, 212, 252, 

3°4- 
Thomas, John, Major, 146. 
Thomson, John, in. 
Thornton, Peter P., 37. 
Tibbits, Giles, 231. 
Tipton, Abraham, Lieutenant, 241, 

252. 
Tim, Joseph, 213. 
Titcomb, Benjamin, Major, 165. 
Towles, Oliver, Major, 26, 50. 

Trent, , 256. 

Tupper, Benjamin, Colonel, 149, 

252, 257, 258, 260, 275. 

Turner, , Major, 258. 

Tyler, , Major, 306, 307. 

Vaccinating of troops, 263. 
Van Cortland, Nicholas, 122. 

, Philip, Colonel, 143, 241, 247, 

301. 
Vandeering, John, 73. 
Vandeering's Mill, 74. 



Van Schaick, Goose, Colonel, 311. 

Varnum, James Mitchell, Brigadier 
General, 82, 85, 91, 94, 100, 109, 
"S> *39> Ho, 141, 157, 162, 167, 
172, 179, 182, 183, 191, 194, 218, 
224, 231, 235, 241, 252, 263, 266, 
272, 275, 279, 284, 288, 290, 294, 
2 95> 298, 304, 310. 

Vaughan, John, 5, 7. 

, Joseph, Major, 71, 133. 

Veal, , Captain, 163. 

Vose, Elijah, Lieutenant Colonel, 
170, 218, 264, 275, 279, 2S0, 298. 

Wagon Masters, 14, 15, 19, 38. 
Walker, , Brigade Major, 288, 

297, 3°9- 

Wallace, Gustavus Brown, Major, 
145. 2 54» 273, 275. 

Ward, , Major, 183, 293. 

Warner, Josh, 73. 

Warrel, John, 247. 

Washington, George, General, 3, 5, 
9, 74, 143; approves Court Mar- 
tial Sentences, 12, 30, 58, 64, 84, 
97, I0 3i io 5, IIO i m, 121, 163, 
177; on Burgoyne's Victory, 15, 
16; praises Soldiers, 14, 60, 68, 
70, 90, 101, 103, 154, 244; praises 
Weedon's brigade, 45, 46 ; thanks 
Captain Lee, 200. 

Washnam, , Ensign, 10. 

Wayne, Anthony, General, 17, 39, 
43. 5°> 72, 75. So, 83, 84, 94, 96, 
101, 102, 107, 112, 113, 114, 119, 
130, 136, 154, 180, 201, 221, 267, 
273, 2 79> 2S3, 2§ 9) 294, 298, 304, 
3°5- 

Weaver, Jacob, Captain, 119. 

Webb, , Colonel, 224, 243. 

Weedon, George, Brigadier General, 
h 3> 5. 6 , 7 12, 16, 18, 22, 24, 
27, 33> 45, 47, 56, 77, §9, 94, 95, 
100, 101, 108, 124, 133, 139, 141, 
147, 153, 155, !6o, 167, 172, 184, 
189, 198, 199, 212, 214, 215, 216, 
224, 242, 243, 249, 275, 2S2, 293, 
295, 3°4, 3°6, 3°9- 



[3 22 3 



INDEX 



Weissenfels, Frederick H., Lieuten- 
ant Colonel, 156, 235, 251, 294. 

Welsh, Andrew, 216. 

Weltner, , Lieutenant Colonel, 

100, 192. 

West, , Major, 108, 134, 218. 

, , 135- 

Weston, , Colonel, 280. 

Weysen, , Colonel, 304. 

Whitbee, Richard, Lieutenant, 232. 
White, John, 62. 

Wiatt, , 154. 

Wigglesworth, Edward, Colonel, 150, 

193, 220, 227, 231, 232. 
Wilcox, William, Major, 134. 
Williams, Joshua, Captain, 119. 

, William, Lieutenant, 223. 

, , Major, 57, 64, 92, 102, 

112, 124, 134, 1154, 170. 
Williamson, Daniel, 228. 



Williamson, John, 227. 

Willis, Lewis, Lieutenant Colonel, 
10. 

Wills, , Major, 147. 

Wilson, John, 258. 

, , Colonel, 145. 

Winslow, Nathaniel, Major, 202, 
221, 262, 282. 

Wood, James, Colonel, 57, 58, 59, 64- 

Woodford, William, Brigadier Gen- 
eral, 10, 18, 42, 100, 102, 108, 117, 
121, 129, 134, 145, 149, 156, 160, 
189, 200, 216, 224, 234, 239, 244, 
249, 251, 262, 266, 273, 275, 289, 

293> 2 98, 3°8- 

Woolford, Thomas, Lieutenant Colo- 
nel, 134. 

Worrell, Joseph, 247. 

Zane, , Captain, 208, 232. 



w t z 



[313 1 



311-77 -1 



J 



Thank 
You 



from 




Prince William, VA 



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